CN112563464A - Lithium ion hard-package battery cell, lithium ion battery package and application thereof - Google Patents
Lithium ion hard-package battery cell, lithium ion battery package and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112563464A CN112563464A CN201910922676.9A CN201910922676A CN112563464A CN 112563464 A CN112563464 A CN 112563464A CN 201910922676 A CN201910922676 A CN 201910922676A CN 112563464 A CN112563464 A CN 112563464A
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- lithium ion
- negative electrode
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PPMCFKAXXHZLMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxocan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OCCCCCO1 PPMCFKAXXHZLMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013098 LiBF2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013426 LiN(SO2F)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013874 LiPF2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 carbonate ester Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006245 Carbon black Super-P Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 2
- YJLUBHOZZTYQIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1=NN=C(O1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 YJLUBHOZZTYQIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910020632 Co Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020678 Co—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHKPLLOSJHHKNU-INIZCTEOSA-N [(3S)-3-[8-(1-ethyl-5-methylpyrazol-4-yl)-9-methylpurin-6-yl]oxypyrrolidin-1-yl]-(oxan-4-yl)methanone Chemical compound C(C)N1N=CC(=C1C)C=1N(C2=NC=NC(=C2N=1)O[C@@H]1CN(CC1)C(=O)C1CCOCC1)C FHKPLLOSJHHKNU-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006256 anode slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a lithium ion hard-coated battery cell, a lithium ion battery pack and application thereof. The negative active material comprising the silicon composite material has high energy density, the lithium nitrate has higher reduction potential and is easy to reduce and decompose, the decomposition product can be stably coated on the surface of the negative active material, the negative active material is passivated, and continuous side reactions such as electrochemical reaction between electrolyte and the negative active material can be effectively inhibited, so that the cycle performance of a lithium ion hard-coated battery cell can be improved, and the cycle life is long.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of energy storage devices, in particular to a lithium ion hard-package battery cell, a lithium ion battery package and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, the new energy automobile industry has made higher and higher demands on various performances of lithium ion batteries, especially on energy density. Currently, among various technical means for increasing the energy density of the lithium ion battery cell, the use of silicon-based materials for the negative electrode is the most widely studied method in the industry. The energy density of the lithium ion battery cell can be greatly improved by using a silicon system as a negative electrode active material, for example, about 10% of silicon carbon material is added into a graphite negative electrode, so that the discharge gram capacity of the negative electrode active material can be improved from 350mAh/g to about 500 mAh/g.
However, the popularization and use of the silicon-based negative electrode material with high gram capacity still need to overcome many technical difficulties, and the volume expansion of the silicon-based negative electrode material in the charging and discharging process is high, and the side reaction between the silicon-based negative electrode material and the electrolyte is continuously carried out, so that the cycle life of the lithium ion battery cell using the silicon-based negative electrode material is short. When the proportion of the silicon-based material in the negative electrode active material is high, the discharge capacity is reduced to 70% or less of the initial discharge capacity after 200 charge-discharge cycles. Such a low cycle life hinders the application of silicon-based high energy density negative electrode materials.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a lithium ion battery cell having a long cycle life and containing a silicon-based high energy density negative electrode material to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a lithium ion hard-coated battery cell which has high energy density and long cycle life.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a lithium ion battery pack, which includes a lithium ion hard pack cell with high energy density and long cycle life.
A third object of the present invention is to apply a lithium ion battery pack comprising a lithium ion hard pack cell having a high energy density and a long cycle life to an automobile, a motorcycle or a bicycle.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a lithium ion hard-package battery cell, which includes a positive plate, a negative plate, and a diaphragm disposed between the positive plate and the negative plate, wherein the positive plate, the negative plate, and the diaphragm are made into a bare cell, and the bare cell is sealed in a hard shell, wherein the negative plate includes a negative current collector and a negative slurry layer, the negative slurry layer is formed on one or both sides of the negative current collector, the negative slurry layer is formed by drying a negative slurry, the negative slurry includes a negative active material, an additive, and a solvent, the negative active material includes a silicon-based composite material, and the additive includes lithium nitrate.
Further, the mass of the lithium nitrate is 0.2% to 5.0% of the mass of the negative electrode active material, for example, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, 2.0%, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.6%, 2.7%, 2.8%, 2.9%, 3.0%, 3.1%, 3.2%, 3.3%, 3.4%, 3.5%, 3.6%, 3.7%, 3.8%, 3.9%, 4.0%, 4.1%, 4.2%, 4.3%, 4.4%, 4.5%, 4.6%, 4.7%, 4.8%, 4.9%, 5.0%. If the mass consumption of the lithium nitrate is too small, the passivation effect of the lithium nitrate on the negative active material is limited, so that the improvement effect on the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery cell is not obvious; if the mass consumption of the lithium nitrate is too much, more lithium nitrate is left after the formation of the lithium ion cell, and the high-temperature storage gas production performance of the lithium ion cell is deteriorated.
Further, the lithium nitrate is added to the anode slurry in the form of an aqueous lithium nitrate solution. The addition amount of the solvent is not limited and can be selected according to actual requirements.
Further, the negative electrode slurry also comprises a conductive agent and a binder, wherein the conductive agent is selected from one or more of conductive carbon black, acetylene black, superconducting carbon black, graphene, conductive graphite, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes and ketjen black, and the binder is selected from one or more of styrene butadiene rubber, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and polyacrylic acid.
Further, the mass of the conductive agent is 0.5% to 3.0% of the mass of the negative electrode active material and the additive, for example, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, 2.0%, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.6%, 2.7%, 2.8%, 2.9%, 3.0%; when the content of the conductive agent is too small, a good conductive effect cannot be achieved, and when the content of the conductive agent is too large, the mass of the negative electrode active material in the lithium ion battery cell is reduced, so that the energy density of the lithium ion battery cell is not favorably improved, and more preferably, the mass of the conductive agent is 0.8-2.0% of the mass of the negative electrode active material and the additive.
Further, the mass of the binder is less than or equal to 5.0% of the mass of the anode active material and the additive; when the content of the binder is too small, a good binding effect cannot be achieved, and when the content of the binder is too large, on one hand, the mass of the negative electrode active material in the lithium ion cell is reduced, which is not favorable for improving the energy density of the lithium ion cell, and on the other hand, the ionic conductivity of the negative electrode sheet is reduced, which increases the polarization during charge and discharge of the lithium ion cell, thereby deteriorating the electrochemical performance, and more preferably, the mass of the binder is 0.8% to 2.0% of the mass of the negative electrode active material and the additive, for example, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, 2.0%.
Further, the negative active material further includes at least one of natural graphite and artificial graphite.
Further, the viscosity of the negative electrode slurry is not specifically limited, preferably, the viscosity of the negative electrode slurry is 2000-13000 Pa · s, the fineness of the negative electrode slurry is not specifically limited, and preferably, the fineness of the negative electrode slurry is less than or equal to 50 μm.
The negative electrode current collector may be selected from metal foils, and preferably, the negative electrode current collector is selected from copper foils. The thickness of the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited, and preferably, the thickness of the negative electrode current collector is 0.006mm to 0.020 mm. The thickness of the negative electrode slurry layer is not particularly limited, and preferably, the thickness of the negative electrode slurry layer is 0.03mm to 0.15 mm.
The preparation of the negative plate can be prepared by a conventional method, and specifically comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing a negative electrode active material, a conductive agent and a binder, then adding a solvent for dispersion, and then adding lithium nitrate for further mixing and dispersion to obtain negative electrode slurry; coating the obtained negative electrode slurry on the surface of a negative electrode current collector, and then drying to form a negative electrode slurry layer on the negative electrode current collector; and then rolling, slitting and slicing are sequentially carried out to obtain the negative plate. The temperature during dispersion is not particularly limited, and room temperature or heating can be adopted, and can be selected according to actual requirements. Drying the negative electrode slurry coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector by adopting a heating and blowing drying mode, wherein the drying temperature of the negative electrode slurry is 80-120 ℃, the drying temperature is too low, and the solidification of the negative electrode slurry is insufficient; too high drying temperature affects the binder in the slurry and reduces the binding effect. The amount of the negative electrode slurry coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as the negative electrode slurry layer formed by the negative electrode slurry can cover the surface of the negative electrode current collector and has a certain thickness. The coating method is not particularly limited and may be selected according to actual requirements. The preparation process of the negative plate is simple, easy to operate and suitable for large-scale production.
The positive plate comprises a positive current collector and a positive slurry layer positioned on the positive current collector. The positive current collector is aluminum foil.
Further, the lithium ion hard-package battery core further comprises an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is a liquid electrolyte and comprises a lithium salt and an organic solvent, and the lithium salt is selected from LiPF6、LiBF4、LiN(SO2F)2、LiN(CF3SO2)2、LiClO4、LiAsF6、LiB(C2O4)2、LiBF2C2O4And LiPF2O2One or more of the above; preferably, the organic solvent is a non-aqueous organic solvent, which may include a carbonate ester, a halogenated compound of the carbonate ester, or a carboxylic acid ester, and the carbonate ester may include a cyclic carbonate ester or a chain carbonate ester. Specifically, theThe organic solvent is one or more selected from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, pentylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl formate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate and tetrahydrofuran.
The invention also provides a lithium ion battery pack which comprises the lithium ion hard pack battery core.
The lithium ion battery pack is also applied to automobiles, motorcycles or bicycles.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides the negative electrode slurry which comprises a negative electrode active material, an additive and a solvent, wherein the negative electrode active material comprises a silicon composite material, and the additive comprises lithium nitrate. The negative active material comprising the silicon composite material has high energy density, the lithium nitrate has higher reduction potential and is easy to reduce and decompose, and the decomposition product can be stably coated on the surface of the negative active material, so that the negative active material is passivated, and the continuous side reaction (electrochemical reaction) between the electrolyte and the negative active material can be effectively inhibited, thereby improving the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery cell and prolonging the cycle life. In the prior art, the interface of the silicon-based negative electrode material is passivated by introducing an additive into an electrolyte, so that the occurrence of side reactions is reduced. However, most of the additives with excellent performance have extremely low solubility in the commonly used lithium ion battery cell electrolyte and are difficult to use directly. For example, the additive lithium nitrate of the present invention has very low solubility in lithium ion cell electrolyte, and an electrolyte system capable of dissolving lithium nitrate cannot be applied to the current lithium ion cell due to its low oxidation potential. According to the invention, lithium nitrate is added into the negative electrode slurry, the solvent of the negative electrode slurry is generally a water system, and the lithium nitrate is easy to dissolve, so that the method for simply and easily solving the technical problem of the silicon system negative electrode material is obtained.
Detailed Description
The "ranges" disclosed herein are in the form of lower and upper limits. There may be one or more lower limits, and one or more upper limits, respectively. The given range is defined by the selection of a lower limit and an upper limit. The selected lower and upper limits define the boundaries of the particular range. All ranges that can be defined in this manner are inclusive and combinable, i.e., any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, ranges of 60-120 and 80-110 are listed for particular parameters, with the understanding that ranges of 60-110 and 80-120 are also contemplated. Furthermore, if the minimum range values 1 and 2 are listed, and if the maximum range values 3, 4, and 5 are listed, the following ranges are all contemplated: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2-3, 2-4 and 2-5. In the present invention, all embodiments and preferred embodiments mentioned herein may be combined with each other to form a new technical solution, if not specifically stated.
In the present invention, all the technical features mentioned herein and preferred features may be combined with each other to form a new technical solution, if not specifically stated.
In the present invention, all the steps mentioned herein may be performed sequentially or randomly, if not specifically stated, but preferably sequentially.
The invention provides a lithium ion battery pack, which comprises a battery module, a circuit board, a shell and the like, wherein the battery module, the circuit board and the like are assembled in the shell to form the lithium ion battery pack, the lithium ion battery pack has various specifications, can be adjusted and designed according to needs, and is not limited in the process, and the assembly mode of the lithium ion battery pack in the prior art can be applied to the invention.
The battery module is composed of a plurality of lithium ion battery cells connected in series and in parallel, and similarly, the battery module has various specifications and can be adjusted and designed according to needs. The lithium ion battery cell is divided into a lithium ion soft package battery cell and a lithium ion hard package battery cell.
The lithium ion battery pack can be applied to an automobile, a motorcycle or a bicycle to provide power for the automobile, the motorcycle or the bicycle.
Various embodiments of the negative electrode slurry, negative electrode sheet, lithium ion soft-pack cell, and lithium ion hard-pack cell of the present invention are described below.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of the electrolyte
In a glove box or a drying room, Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) which are subjected to rectification dehydration treatment are mixed according to the mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC ═ 2: 3: 5 mixing and then slowly adding LiPF6And (3) adding fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) accounting for 10% of the total mass of the electrolyte to 1mol/L, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain the final electrolyte.
(2) Preparation of positive plate
LiNi-Co-Mn LiNi as positive electrode active material0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Mixing the conductive carbon black (super-P) as a conductive agent, Carbon Nano Tubes (CNT) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binding agent according to a mass ratio of 96.8: 1.5: 0.5: 1.2, adding N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), and stirring and mixing uniformly by a vacuum stirrer to obtain the anode active material slurry. And (3) uniformly coating the slurry on two surfaces of an aluminum foil (with the thickness of 12 mu m) positive current collector, and drying, cold pressing and cutting to obtain the positive plate.
(3) Preparation of negative plate
Mixing the negative active material artificial graphite, the silicon-carbon composite material, conductive carbon black (super-P) serving as a conductive agent, Carbon Nano Tubes (CNT), Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) serving as a binding agent, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) according to a mass ratio of 85: 9: 1.5: 0.5: 2.2: 1.4: 0.4, adding deionized water, and stirring and mixing uniformly by a vacuum stirrer. Then, an aqueous solution of lithium nitrate was added, the mass of lithium nitrate being 0.5% of the total mass of the negative electrode active material, and the slurry was further mixed and dispersed to obtain a negative electrode slurry. And (3) uniformly coating the negative electrode slurry on two surfaces of a copper foil (with the thickness of 8 mu m) negative electrode current collector, and drying, cold pressing and slitting to obtain a negative electrode sheet.
(4) Preparation of lithium ion soft package battery cell
The isolation film is arranged between the negative pole piece and the positive pole piece, the square naked battery cell is prepared in a winding mode, the packaging bag is made of an aluminum-plastic film composite material, the naked battery cell is placed into the packaging bag for packaging to obtain a dry battery cell, and the dry battery cell is subjected to procedures of baking, dewatering, liquid injection, sealing, standing, formation, degassing packaging, capacity grading and the like to obtain the lithium ion soft package battery cell.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, a square bare cell is prepared in a winding manner, of course, in other embodiments, the bare cell may also be prepared in a lamination manner, or the bare cell may also be prepared in other shapes, such as a cylindrical shape or an oval shape, that is, the conventional method for preparing a lithium ion soft-package cell may be applied to the present invention, and is not limited herein.
Example 2
The negative electrode slurry, the negative electrode sheet and the lithium ion soft-packaged battery cell were prepared as in example 1, except that the mass of lithium nitrate was 1% of the total mass of the negative electrode active material.
Example 3
The negative electrode slurry, the negative electrode sheet and the lithium ion soft-packaged cell were prepared as in example 1, except that the mass of lithium nitrate was 3% of the total mass of the negative electrode active material.
Example 4
The negative electrode slurry, the negative electrode sheet and the lithium ion soft-packaged cell were prepared as in example 1, except that the mass of lithium nitrate was 5% of the total mass of the negative electrode active material.
Example 5
The lithium ion cell of example 1 was soft-packed, and the only difference in this example was that the lithium ion cell was made hard-packed, and the negative electrode slurry and the negative electrode sheet were made as described in example 1.
Preparing a lithium ion hard-coated battery cell:
the isolation film is arranged between the negative plate and the positive plate, the square naked battery cell is prepared in a winding mode, the battery cell shell is made of aluminum materials or steel materials, the naked battery cell is arranged in the battery cell shell, a dry battery cell is obtained after packaging, and the dry battery cell is subjected to procedures of baking, dewatering, liquid injection, sealing, standing, formation, degassing packaging, capacity grading and the like to obtain the lithium ion hard-package battery cell.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, a square bare cell is prepared by winding, and certainly, in other embodiments, the bare cell may also be prepared by lamination, and the bare cell may also be prepared into other shapes, such as a cylinder or an ellipse, that is, the conventional method for preparing a lithium ion hard-coated cell may be applied to the present invention, and is not limited herein.
Example 6
The negative electrode slurry, the negative electrode sheet and the lithium ion hard-coated battery cell were prepared as in example 5, except that the mass of lithium nitrate was 1% of the total mass of the negative electrode active material.
Example 7
The negative electrode slurry, the negative electrode sheet and the lithium ion hard-coated battery cell were prepared as in example 5, except that the mass of lithium nitrate was 3% of the total mass of the negative electrode active material.
Example 8
The negative electrode slurry, the negative electrode sheet and the lithium ion hard-coated battery cell were prepared as in example 5, except that the mass of lithium nitrate was 5% of the total mass of the negative electrode active material.
Comparative example 1
The negative electrode slurry, the negative electrode sheet and the lithium ion soft-package battery cell are prepared according to the method in the embodiment 1, and the only difference is that the negative electrode slurry is not added with a lithium nitrate additive.
Comparative example 2
The negative electrode slurry, the negative electrode sheet and the lithium ion soft-packaged battery cell were prepared as in example 1, except that the mass of lithium nitrate was 8% of the total mass of the negative electrode active material.
Comparative example 3
The negative electrode slurry, the negative electrode sheet and the lithium ion hard-coated battery cell are prepared according to the method described in the embodiment 5, and the only difference is that the negative electrode slurry is not added with a lithium nitrate additive.
Comparative example 4
The negative electrode slurry, the negative electrode sheet and the lithium ion hard-coated battery cell were prepared as in example 5, except that the mass of lithium nitrate was 8% of the total mass of the negative electrode active material.
The lithium nitrate additive contents in examples 1-8 and comparative examples 1-4 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 lithium nitrate additive content in negative electrode pastes for each of the examples and comparative examples
| Item | LiNO3(％) |
| Example 1 | 0.5 |
| Example 2 | 1 |
| Example 3 | 3 |
| Example 4 | 5 |
| Example 5 | 0.5 |
| Example 6 | 1 |
| Example 7 | 3 |
| Example 8 | 5 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0 |
| Comparative example 2 | 8 |
| Comparative example 3 | 0 |
| Comparative example 4 | 8 |
And (3) testing the performance of the lithium ion battery cell:
(1) test of ordinary temperature cycle Performance
In a thermostat at 25 ℃, the lithium ion cells obtained in the above examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were charged to 4.3V at a constant current of 1C, then charged to a current of 0.05C at a constant voltage, and then discharged to 2.5V at a constant current of 1C, so that charge/discharge cycles were performed, and the capacity retention rate was obtained after 200 cycles of the battery.
The lithium ion cell 200-cycle capacity retention ratio (%) (200-cycle discharge capacity/1-cycle discharge capacity × 100%
(2) High temperature storage gas production test
Charging the lithium ion battery cells obtained in the above examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 4 to 4.3V at a constant current of 1C in a thermostat at 25 ℃, then charging the lithium ion battery cells at a constant voltage until the current is 0.05C, and measuring the volume of the lithium ion battery cells by a drainage method, wherein the volume is marked as V0. Transferring the lithium ion battery cell to a constant temperature box of 60 ℃ for heat preservation for 15 days, transferring the lithium ion battery cell to a constant temperature box of 25 ℃ for cooling for 3 hours, measuring the volume of the lithium ion battery cell by adopting a drainage method, and marking as V1。
High-temperature storage volume expansion rate (%) of lithium ion cell (V)1-V0)/V0*100％
The cycle capacity retention rate and the 60 ℃ storage volume expansion rate data of the lithium ion cells of examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 4 are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 retention of cyclic capacity and volume expansion at 60 ℃ for each of the examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from comparative example 1 and examples 1 to 4, the lithium nitrate additive has an obvious effect of improving the cycle performance of the lithium ion soft-package battery cell.
As can be seen from the comparative example 2 and the examples 1 to 4, the change of the content of the lithium nitrate has a certain influence on the cycle performance and the high-temperature storage gas production rate of the lithium ion soft package battery cell. When the lithium nitrate is excessive, the cycle performance and the high-temperature storage gas production rate of the lithium ion soft package battery cell can be obviously deteriorated. It is presumed that, when the amount of lithium nitrate is excessive, a certain amount of lithium nitrate remains unreacted after the formation of the cell and remains in the negative electrode sheet, and during the cycle or high-temperature storage, the part of lithium nitrate decomposes to generate a large amount of gas, thereby deteriorating the cycle performance and the high-temperature storage gas yield.
As can be seen from comparative example 3 and examples 5 to 8, the lithium nitrate additive has an obvious effect of improving the cycle performance of the lithium ion hard coated battery cell.
As can be seen from comparative example 4 and examples 5 to 8, the change of the content of lithium nitrate has a certain influence on the cycle performance and the high-temperature storage gas production rate of the lithium ion hard-coated battery core. When the lithium nitrate is excessive, the cycle performance and the high-temperature storage gas production rate of the lithium ion hard-coated battery core are obviously deteriorated. It is presumed that, when the amount of lithium nitrate is excessive, a certain amount of lithium nitrate remains unreacted after the formation of the cell and remains in the negative electrode sheet, and during the cycle or high-temperature storage, the part of lithium nitrate decomposes to generate a large amount of gas, thereby deteriorating the cycle performance and the high-temperature storage gas yield. The shell of the hard-coating battery core has higher strength, and the volume expansion rate of the battery core is lower when gas is stored at high temperature.
Comparing examples 1-4 and examples 5-8, it can be seen that the 60 ℃ storage volume expansion rate of the lithium ion hard-coated battery cell is smaller than that of the lithium ion soft-coated battery cell, and actually, the cycle capacity retention rate and the 60 ℃ storage volume expansion rate of the lithium ion hard-coated battery cell and the lithium ion soft-coated battery cell are not much different, the battery cell shell has little influence on the battery cell, data shows that the reason that the 60 ℃ storage volume expansion rate of the lithium ion hard-coated battery cell is smaller is that the strength of the shell is higher, and the shell deforms less during gas production by storage, so that the volume expansion rate is smaller.
The action mechanism of the negative electrode slurry additive lithium nitrate used in the invention is as follows: lithium nitrate has high solubility in an aqueous solvent, and can be uniformly dispersed in the negative electrode slurry. After the negative electrode slurry is dried, lithium nitrate is uniformly distributed on the surface of the active material in the negative electrode plate. Lithium nitrate has higher reduction potential, and is easy to generate reduction decomposition reaction in the formation process of the battery cell, the generated decomposition product is uniformly coated on the surface of the negative active material, and a stable passivation layer is formed on the surface of the negative active material to play a role in passivating the negative active material, so that the electrochemical reaction between electrolyte and the negative active material can be effectively inhibited, and the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery cell is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides the negative electrode slurry which comprises a negative electrode active material, an additive and a solvent, wherein the negative electrode active material comprises a silicon composite material, and the additive comprises lithium nitrate. The negative active material comprising the silicon composite material has high energy density, the lithium nitrate has higher reduction potential and is easy to reduce and decompose, and the decomposition product can be stably coated on the surface of the negative active material, so that the negative active material is passivated, and the continuous side reaction (electrochemical reaction) between the electrolyte and the negative active material can be effectively inhibited, thereby improving the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery cell and prolonging the cycle life. In the prior art, the interface of the silicon-based negative electrode material is passivated by introducing an additive into an electrolyte, so that the occurrence of side reactions is reduced. However, most of the additives with excellent performance have extremely low solubility in the commonly used lithium ion battery cell electrolyte and are difficult to use directly. For example, the additive lithium nitrate of the present invention has very low solubility in lithium ion cell electrolyte, and an electrolyte system capable of dissolving lithium nitrate cannot be applied to the current lithium ion cell due to its low oxidation potential. According to the invention, lithium nitrate is added into the negative electrode slurry, the solvent of the negative electrode slurry is generally a water system, and the lithium nitrate is easy to dissolve, so that the method for simply and easily solving the technical problem of the silicon system negative electrode material is obtained.
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, therefore, the present invention is not limited by the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. The utility model provides a lithium ion hard bag electric core, its characterized in that, lithium ion hard bag electric core includes positive plate, negative pole piece and locates positive plate with diaphragm between the negative pole piece, positive plate negative pole piece and a naked electric core is made to the diaphragm, will naked electric core seals in a crust, wherein, the negative plate includes negative pole mass flow body and negative pole thick liquids layer, negative pole thick liquids layer form in the one side or two sides of negative pole mass flow body, negative pole thick liquids layer is formed by the drying of negative pole thick liquids, the negative pole thick liquids includes negative pole active material, additive and solvent, negative pole active material includes silicon series combined material, the additive includes lithium nitrate.
2. The lithium ion hard-coated cell of claim 1, wherein the mass of the lithium nitrate is 0.2% to 5.0% of the mass of the negative electrode active material.
3. The lithium ion hard-pack cell of claim 1, wherein the lithium nitrate is added to the negative electrode slurry in the form of an aqueous lithium nitrate solution.
4. The lithium ion hard-pack cell of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode slurry further comprises:
the conductive agent is selected from one or more of conductive carbon black, acetylene black, superconducting carbon black, graphene, conductive graphite, carbon fiber, carbon nano tube and Ketjen black; and
the adhesive is one or more selected from styrene butadiene rubber, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and polyacrylic acid.
5. The lithium ion hard-coated cell of claim 4, wherein the mass of the conductive agent is 0.5-3.0% of the mass of the negative electrode active material and the additive, and more preferably, the mass of the conductive agent is 0.8-2.0% of the mass of the negative electrode active material and the additive.
6. The lithium ion hard-coated cell of claim 4, wherein the mass of the binder is less than or equal to 5.0% of the mass of the negative active material and the additive, and more preferably, the mass of the binder is 0.8% to 2.0% of the mass of the negative active material and the additive.
7. The lithium ion hard-coated cell of claim 1, wherein the negative active material further comprises at least one of natural graphite and artificial graphite.
8. The lithium ion hard-coated battery cell of claim 1, wherein the viscosity of the negative electrode slurry is 2000-13000 Pa-s, and the fineness of the negative electrode slurry is less than or equal to 50 μm.
9. The lithium ion hard-pack cell of claim 1, further comprising an electrolyte comprising a lithium salt selected from LiPF and an organic solvent6、LiBF4、LiN(SO2F)2、LiN(CF3SO2)2、LiClO4、LiAsF6、LiB(C2O4)2、LiBF2C2O4And LiPF2O2The organic solvent is one or more selected from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, pentylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, methyl formate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate and tetrahydrofuran.
10. A lithium ion battery pack, characterized in that the lithium ion battery pack comprises the lithium ion hard pack cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
11. The lithium ion battery pack of claim 10 applied to an automobile, a motorcycle, or a bicycle.
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