CN112563449A - Preparation method of double-layer electrode material of lithium-sulfur battery - Google Patents

Preparation method of double-layer electrode material of lithium-sulfur battery Download PDF

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CN112563449A
CN112563449A CN202110007173.6A CN202110007173A CN112563449A CN 112563449 A CN112563449 A CN 112563449A CN 202110007173 A CN202110007173 A CN 202110007173A CN 112563449 A CN112563449 A CN 112563449A
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porous carbon
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electrode
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CN112563449B (en
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李梅
朱园园
付丹妮
张云强
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Qilu University of Technology
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Abstract

The invention relates to a double-layer electrode material of a lithium-sulfur battery and a preparation method thereof. The unique double-layer electrode structure greatly weakens the penetration effect of polysulfide, so that the lithium-sulfur battery has extremely high cycle performance and rate capability. The preparation process mainly comprises the following steps: the preparation method comprises the steps of mixing melamine, resorcinol and furfural, carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the melamine, the resorcinol and the furfural, drying and carrying out alkali treatment on a polymerization product of the three, then placing the polymerization product in a tubular furnace to calcine to obtain porous carbon, carrying out sulfur loading on the porous carbon to obtain a porous carbon-sulfur compound, uniformly mixing the compound with PVDF and acetylene black, adding N-methyl pyrrolidone to prepare slurry, coating the slurry on an Al foil, drying to obtain a first layer of electrode, preparing a second layer of electrode by using the sulfur-free porous carbon, coating the second layer of electrode on the first layer of electrode, and drying the second layer of electrode to obtain the double-layer electrode material. The preparation process has the advantages of low raw material cost, simple synthesis method, excellent electrochemical performance and good application in the field of secondary batteries.

Description

Preparation method of double-layer electrode material of lithium-sulfur battery
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy electronic materials, and relates to a lithium-sulfur battery electrode material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous exploitation and utilization of global fossil energy, the fossil energy has been in short supply and brings about extremely serious pollution, the exploitation and utilization of new energy has become an unavoidable trend in the world, and energy storage devices play an extremely important role in the exploitation and utilization of new energy, wherein lithium-sulfur batteries are a hot spot of research of people, and lithium-sulfur batteries (Li-S) have great potential in meeting the increasing demand for advanced energy storage beyond portable electronic devices and alleviating environmental problems due to high specific energy, low cost and environmental protection. However, the application of lithium sulfur batteries is challenged by several obstacles such as short life, low sulfur utilization, etc. The first lithium batteries were proposed in the 60's of the 20 th century. In the next decades, lithium batteries face the problems of low capacity and poor cyclability. In 2009, Nazar and his colleagues made a major breakthrough by introducing a highly ordered, nanostructured, mesoporous carbon host to encapsulate sulfur. The mesoporous carbon accurately confines the sulfur nanofiller within its conductive pathways, enabling lithium sulfur batteries with high capacity and stable cycling. However, the shuttling effect of polysulfides has not been completely solved, and in recent years there has been much research on membranes and interlayers which prevent the shuttling of polysulfides, although interlayers and membranes block the shuttling of polysulfides, but polysulfides can remain in the electrolyte and are difficult to return to the electrode again.
The main purpose of the invention is to prevent the shuttle of polysulfide, and the novel double-layer electrode structure can well capture the shuttle polysulfide, thereby powerfully reducing the loss of active substances, increasing the cyclicity and the multiplying power and improving the battery capacity.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a double-layer electrode material, two layers of the electrode material are superposed, a first layer electrode close to a current collector is used as a sulfur carrier, a second layer electrode is tightly adhered to the first layer electrode, the second layer electrode is used for blocking the shuttle effect of polysulfide, and the second layer continuously utilizes the blocked polysulfide as an active substance, so that the whole anode material has extremely small loss of the active substance. The structure greatly improves the cycle performance and the rate capability, and has extremely high capacity.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a lithium sulfur battery anode material is formed by juxtaposing a nitrogen-doped porous carbon-sulfur composite material and a nitrogen-doped porous carbon double layer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 1.2-2.4g of melamine, 0.5g of resorcinol, 2ml of furfural and 50ml of water, placing the materials in a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and reacting for 10 hours at 180 DEG C
(2) Carrying out suction filtration on the product obtained in the step (1), drying, mixing KOH and the suction filtration product according to the mixing ratio of 1:2, placing the product in a tubular furnace for calcination and carbonization, wherein the tubular furnace is in an argon atmosphere, the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept at 800 ℃ for 3h to finally obtain the nitrogen-doped porous carbon material
(3) And (3) mixing the nitrogen-doped porous carbon material obtained in the step (2) with elemental sulfur at a mixing mass ratio of 4:6, placing the mixture in a closed reaction kettle, and keeping the temperature at 155 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the nitrogen-doped porous carbon-sulfur composite material.
(4) And (3) mixing the composite material obtained in the step (3) with PVDF and acetylene black in a mixing ratio of 8:1:1, uniformly grinding the mixture of the PVDF and the acetylene black, adding N-methylpyrrolidone, uniformly stirring, coating the obtained paste product on an Al foil by using a 200-fold scraping knife with the diameter of 400 mu m, and then drying the Al foil in a vacuum drying oven at 40 ℃ for 12 hours.
(5) And (3) mixing the nitrogen-doped porous carbon material obtained in the step (2) with PVDF and acetylene black in a mixing ratio of 8:1:1, uniformly grinding the mixture of the three, adding N-methylpyrrolidone, uniformly stirring, coating the obtained paste product on the Al foil obtained in the step (4) by using a scraper, wherein the thickness of the Al foil is 200 mu m, and then drying the Al foil in a vacuum drying box at 40 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the double-layer electrode material.
According to the invention, it is preferred that the amount of the melamine in step (1) is 1.8g by mass and that the amount of the resorcinol in step (1) is 2ml by mass, 0.5g by mass of furfural.
According to the present invention, it is preferable that the thickness in the step (4) is 200. mu.m.
According to the present invention, it is preferable that the thickness in step (5) is 200. mu.m.
The technical advantages of the present invention are as follows
(1) The invention has the advantages of low cost of raw materials, simple preparation and high yield.
(2) The invention prepares a novel electrode structure, which can effectively reduce polysulfide shuttling effect, thereby having extremely high cycle performance and extremely high capacity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the long cycle performance of example 4 of the present invention with that of a comparative example.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific examples, which are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the contents of the claims of the present invention.
Meanwhile, the experimental methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1:
weighing 1.2g of melamine, 0.5g of resorcinol, 2ml of furfural and 50ml of water, placing the melamine, the resorcinol, the furfural and the 50ml of water in a hydrothermal reaction kettle, reacting for 10 hours at 180 ℃, drying the products, mixing KOH with the suction filtration products, setting the mixing ratio as 1:2, placing the products in a tubular furnace for calcination and carbonization, setting the tubular furnace to be in an argon atmosphere, raising the temperature at a rate of 2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature at 800 ℃ for 3 hours to finally obtain the nitrogen-doped porous carbon material, mixing the obtained nitrogen-doped porous carbon material with elemental sulfur at a mixing mass ratio of 4:6, placing the mixture in a closed reaction kettle, and keeping the temperature at 155 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the nitrogen-doped porous. Mixing the obtained composite material with PVDF and acetylene black in a mixing ratio of 8:1:1, uniformly grinding the mixture of the PVDF and the acetylene black, adding N-methylpyrrolidone, uniformly stirring, blade-coating the obtained paste product on an Al foil by using a 200-micrometer scraper, and then placing the Al foil in a vacuum drying oven for drying at 40 ℃ for 12 hours. And mixing the obtained nitrogen-doped porous carbon material with PVDF and acetylene black according to the mixing ratio of 8:1:1, uniformly grinding the mixture of the three, adding N-methyl pyrrolidone, uniformly stirring, blade-coating the obtained paste product onto a layer of Al foil with the thickness of 100 mu m by using a scraper, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven at 40 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the double-layer electrode material.
Example 2:
weighing 1.8g of melamine, 0.5g of resorcinol, 2ml of furfural and 50ml of water, placing the melamine, the 0.5g of resorcinol, the 2ml of furfural and the 50ml of water in a hydrothermal reaction kettle, reacting for 10 hours at 180 ℃, drying the products, mixing KOH with the suction filtration products, setting the mixing ratio as 1:2, placing the products in a tubular furnace for calcination and carbonization, setting the tubular furnace in an argon atmosphere, heating at a rate of 2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature at 800 ℃ for 3 hours to finally obtain a nitrogen-doped porous carbon material, mixing the obtained nitrogen-doped porous carbon material with elemental sulfur at a mixing mass ratio of 4:6, placing the mixture in a closed reaction kettle, and keeping the temperature at 155 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain. Mixing the obtained composite material with PVDF and acetylene black in a mixing ratio of 8:1:1, uniformly grinding the mixture of the PVDF and the acetylene black, adding N-methylpyrrolidone, uniformly stirring, blade-coating the obtained paste product on an Al foil by using a 200-micrometer scraper, and then placing the Al foil in a vacuum drying oven for drying at 40 ℃ for 12 hours. And mixing the obtained nitrogen-doped porous carbon material with PVDF and acetylene black according to the mixing ratio of 8:1:1, uniformly grinding the mixture of the three, adding N-methyl pyrrolidone, uniformly stirring, blade-coating the obtained paste product onto a layer of Al foil with the thickness of 100 mu m by using a scraper, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven at 40 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the double-layer electrode material.
Example 3:
weighing 2.4g of melamine, 0.5g of resorcinol, 2ml of furfural and 50ml of water, placing the melamine, the resorcinol, the furfural and the 50ml of water in a hydrothermal reaction kettle, reacting for 10 hours at 180 ℃, drying the products, mixing KOH with the suction filtration products, setting the mixing ratio as 1:2, placing the products in a tubular furnace for calcination and carbonization, setting the tubular furnace to be in an argon atmosphere, raising the temperature at a rate of 2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature at 800 ℃ for 3 hours to finally obtain the nitrogen-doped porous carbon material, mixing the obtained nitrogen-doped porous carbon material with elemental sulfur at a mixing mass ratio of 4:6, placing the mixture in a closed reaction kettle, and keeping the temperature at 155 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the nitrogen-doped porous. Mixing the obtained composite material with PVDF and acetylene black in a mixing ratio of 8:1:1, uniformly grinding the mixture of the PVDF and the acetylene black, adding N-methylpyrrolidone, uniformly stirring, blade-coating the obtained paste product on an Al foil by using a 200-micrometer scraper, and then placing the Al foil in a vacuum drying oven for drying at 40 ℃ for 12 hours. And mixing the obtained nitrogen-doped porous carbon material with PVDF and acetylene black according to the mixing ratio of 8:1:1, uniformly grinding the mixture of the three, adding N-methyl pyrrolidone, uniformly stirring, blade-coating the obtained paste product onto a layer of Al foil with the thickness of 100 mu m by using a scraper, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven at 40 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the double-layer electrode material.
Example 4
Weighing 1.8g of melamine, 0.5g of resorcinol, 2ml of furfural and 50ml of water, placing the melamine, the resorcinol, the furfural and the 50ml of water in a hydrothermal reaction kettle, reacting for 10 hours at 180 ℃, drying the products, mixing KOH with the suction filtration products, setting the mixing ratio as 1:2, placing the products in a tubular furnace for calcination and carbonization, setting the tubular furnace to be in an argon atmosphere, raising the temperature at a rate of 2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature at 800 ℃ for 3 hours to finally obtain the nitrogen-doped porous carbon material, mixing the obtained nitrogen-doped porous carbon material with elemental sulfur at a mixing mass ratio of 4:6, placing the mixture in a closed reaction kettle, and keeping the temperature at 155 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the nitrogen-doped porous. Mixing the obtained composite material with PVDF and acetylene black in a mixing ratio of 8:1:1, uniformly grinding the mixture of the PVDF and the acetylene black, adding N-methylpyrrolidone, uniformly stirring, blade-coating the obtained paste product on an Al foil by using a 200-micrometer scraper, and then placing the Al foil in a vacuum drying oven for drying at 40 ℃ for 12 hours. And mixing the obtained nitrogen-doped porous carbon material with PVDF and acetylene black according to the mixing ratio of 8:1:1, uniformly grinding the mixture of the three, adding N-methyl pyrrolidone, uniformly stirring, blade-coating the obtained paste product onto a layer of Al foil with the thickness of 200 mu m by using a scraper, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven at 40 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the double-layer electrode material.
Comparative example
Weighing 1.8g of melamine, 0.5g of resorcinol, 2ml of furfural and 50ml of water, placing the melamine, the resorcinol, the furfural and the 50ml of water in a hydrothermal reaction kettle, reacting for 10 hours at 180 ℃, drying the products, mixing KOH with the suction filtration products, setting the mixing ratio as 1:2, placing the products in a tubular furnace for calcination and carbonization, setting the tubular furnace to be in an argon atmosphere, raising the temperature at a rate of 2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature at 800 ℃ for 3 hours to finally obtain the nitrogen-doped porous carbon material, mixing the obtained nitrogen-doped porous carbon material with elemental sulfur at a mixing mass ratio of 4:6, placing the mixture in a closed reaction kettle, and keeping the temperature at 155 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the nitrogen-doped porous. Mixing the obtained composite material with PVDF and acetylene black in a mixing ratio of 8:1:1, uniformly grinding the mixture of the PVDF and the acetylene black, adding N-methylpyrrolidone, uniformly stirring, blade-coating the obtained paste product on an Al foil by using a 200-micrometer scraper, and then placing the Al foil in a vacuum drying oven for drying at 40 ℃ for 12 hours. Obtaining the single-layer electrode material.

Claims (5)

1. A structure of a double-layer electrode material is described as follows:
the two layers of the electrode material are superposed, a first layer electrode close to a current collector is used as a sulfur carrier, a second layer electrode is tightly adhered to the first layer electrode, the second layer electrode is used for blocking the shuttling effect of polysulfide, and the second layer enables the blocked polysulfide to be continuously utilized as an active substance.
2. A preparation method of a double-layer electrode material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 1.2-2.4g of melamine, 0.5g of resorcinol, 2ml of furfural and 50ml of water, placing the materials in a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and reacting for 10 hours at 180 ℃;
(2) carrying out suction filtration on the product obtained in the step (1), drying, mixing KOH and the suction filtration product according to the mixing ratio of 1:2, placing the product in a tubular furnace for calcination and carbonization, wherein the tubular furnace is in an argon atmosphere, the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept at 800 ℃ for 3h to finally obtain a nitrogen-doped porous carbon material;
(3) mixing the nitrogen-doped porous carbon material obtained in the step (2) with elemental sulfur at a mixing mass ratio of 4:6, placing the mixture in a closed reaction kettle, and keeping the temperature at 155 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a nitrogen-doped porous carbon-sulfur composite material;
(4) mixing the composite material obtained in the step (3) with PVDF and acetylene black according to the mixing ratio of 8:1:1, uniformly grinding the mixture of the PVDF and the acetylene black, adding N-methylpyrrolidone, uniformly stirring, coating the obtained paste product on an Al foil by using a 200-fold scraping knife with the thickness of 400 mu m, and then drying the Al foil in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 40 ℃ for 12 hours;
(5) and (3) mixing the nitrogen-doped porous carbon material obtained in the step (2) with PVDF and acetylene black in a mixing ratio of 8:1:1, uniformly grinding the mixture of the three, adding N-methylpyrrolidone, uniformly stirring, coating the obtained paste product on the Al foil obtained in the step (4) by using a scraper, wherein the thickness of the Al foil is 200 mu m, and then drying the Al foil in a vacuum drying box at 40 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the double-layer electrode material.
3. The method for preparing a porous carbon material according to claim 2, wherein the mass of the resorcinol in the step (1) is 0.50 g, the mass of the melamine is 1.8g, the amount of the furfural is 2.0ml, and the reaction condition is 180 ℃ and 10 hours.
4. The method for producing a porous carbon material according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the electrode in the step (4) is 200 μm.
5. The method for producing a porous carbon material according to claim 1, wherein the second layer electrode material in step (5) is 200 μm.
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Citations (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104993096A (en) * 2015-05-26 2015-10-21 广东烛光新能源科技有限公司 Lithium-sulfur battery electrode and preparation method of lithium-sulfur battery containing the same
CN106299298A (en) * 2016-09-21 2017-01-04 深圳市沃特玛电池有限公司 A kind of preparation method of sulfur/porous carbon composite positive pole
CN107293688A (en) * 2016-04-01 2017-10-24 中国科学院成都有机化学有限公司 A kind of Graphene electrodes structure for lithium-sulfur cell system
CN109659513A (en) * 2018-11-20 2019-04-19 中兴高能技术有限责任公司 A kind of sulphur positive electrode, anode and lithium-sulfur cell containing the material
CN110336034A (en) * 2019-07-11 2019-10-15 安徽师范大学 A kind of N doping lithium sulfur battery anode material, preparation method and applications
CN110479211A (en) * 2019-09-05 2019-11-22 齐鲁工业大学 A kind of preparation method of the porous carbon materials of efficient removal dye ions
DE102018123285A1 (en) * 2018-09-21 2020-03-26 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Elastically deformable carbon aerogels as matrix material in sulfur electrodes
CN112072067A (en) * 2020-09-18 2020-12-11 北京理工大学 Carbon-sulfur composite positive electrode for lithium-sulfur battery and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104993096A (en) * 2015-05-26 2015-10-21 广东烛光新能源科技有限公司 Lithium-sulfur battery electrode and preparation method of lithium-sulfur battery containing the same
CN107293688A (en) * 2016-04-01 2017-10-24 中国科学院成都有机化学有限公司 A kind of Graphene electrodes structure for lithium-sulfur cell system
CN106299298A (en) * 2016-09-21 2017-01-04 深圳市沃特玛电池有限公司 A kind of preparation method of sulfur/porous carbon composite positive pole
DE102018123285A1 (en) * 2018-09-21 2020-03-26 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Elastically deformable carbon aerogels as matrix material in sulfur electrodes
CN109659513A (en) * 2018-11-20 2019-04-19 中兴高能技术有限责任公司 A kind of sulphur positive electrode, anode and lithium-sulfur cell containing the material
CN110336034A (en) * 2019-07-11 2019-10-15 安徽师范大学 A kind of N doping lithium sulfur battery anode material, preparation method and applications
CN110479211A (en) * 2019-09-05 2019-11-22 齐鲁工业大学 A kind of preparation method of the porous carbon materials of efficient removal dye ions
CN112072067A (en) * 2020-09-18 2020-12-11 北京理工大学 Carbon-sulfur composite positive electrode for lithium-sulfur battery and preparation method thereof

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