CN112558138A - Proton fluence rate measuring device and system - Google Patents
Proton fluence rate measuring device and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112558138A CN112558138A CN202011419740.0A CN202011419740A CN112558138A CN 112558138 A CN112558138 A CN 112558138A CN 202011419740 A CN202011419740 A CN 202011419740A CN 112558138 A CN112558138 A CN 112558138A
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- G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
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Abstract
The utility model provides a proton fluence rate measuring device and a system, wherein the device comprises an absorption structure and a compensation structure, wherein the absorption structure is used for absorbing incident proton beam; the compensation structure is arranged in front of the absorption structure along the incident direction of the proton beam, and provides secondary electron emission compensation for the absorption structure in the process of measuring the flow rate of the proton beam; wherein, the material that absorbing structure and compensation structure adopted is graphite. Through the proton fluence rate measuring device of the embodiment of the disclosure, the use of a high-voltage power supply can be avoided through secondary electron emission compensation, and the measuring accuracy is ensured while the operation is convenient. Meanwhile, the materials of the compensation structure and the absorption structure are graphite, so that the device can measure the proton fluence rate in the atmosphere, greatly reduce the residual gamma radiation dose, reduce the ionizing radiation in the detection process and ensure the safety of testers.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of proton measurement, in particular to a proton fluence rate measuring device and system.
Background
The proton fluence range required by a medium-energy proton (dozens of MeV to hundreds of MeV) single event effect irradiation experiment carried out by an aerospace device is generally 106～108cm-2·s-1Proton fluence rate testing for this range typically requires the use of a faraday cup. In the prior art, a faraday cage for measuring 100MeV protons generally adopts a copper cylindrical structure as a proton collecting cage, the diameter of a transmission collimation hole is generally 0.5 cm-2 cm, and the thickness of an absorber is 2cm, so as to ensure that 100MeV protons can be completely prevented in the absorber. When the whole Faraday cylinder is placed in the vacuum pipeline, the measurement error caused by air ionization in the collecting cylinder can be eliminated.
Although the proton fluence rate measurement of a faraday of the type described above is relatively accurate, in practice the following problems often exist: during the 100MeV proton irradiation, the proton and the material copper have nuclear reaction to generate a large amount of gamma radiation, and the gamma radiation dose is relatively high, generally tens to hundreds of MuSv/h. It often takes months or even years to reduce or eliminate the above-mentioned participation in gamma radiation. However, in practical tests, it is necessary to wait for only a few hours to manually replace structural elements such as an irradiation device, which obviously poses a great dose safety hazard to subsequent testing personnel.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to solve the problem that when a Faraday cylinder is adopted to measure the proton fluence rate in the prior art, the gamma radiation dose is high, so that a tester faces great radiation potential safety hazards in the test process, the disclosure provides a proton fluence rate measuring device and a system.
(II) technical scheme
One aspect of the present disclosure provides a proton fluence rate measurement apparatus, which includes an absorption structure and a compensation structure, wherein the absorption structure is configured to absorb an incident proton beam; the compensation structure is arranged in front of the absorption structure along the incident direction of the proton beam, and provides secondary electron emission compensation for the absorption structure in the process of measuring the flow rate of the proton beam; wherein, the material that absorbing structure and compensation structure adopted is graphite.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the absorption structure is a columnar structure disposed in a direction perpendicular to an incident direction of the proton beam current.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, when the energy of the proton beam is 100MeV, the thickness of the absorption structure in the incident direction is d0, and d0 is more than or equal to 7 cm.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the compensation structure includes a compensation element, and the compensation element is a sheet-like structure disposed perpendicular to an incident direction of the proton beam.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the thickness of the compensating element in the incident direction is d1, and d1 is less than or equal to 0.5 mm.
According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the compensation structure further includes a collimating element disposed in front of the compensation element along the incident direction of the proton beam, for enabling the incident proton beam to have a collimating characteristic.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the inner side surface of the collimating element is arranged in abutment with the outer side surface of the compensating element.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, when the energy of the proton beam is 100MeV, the thickness of the collimation element in the incident direction is d2, and d2 is more than or equal to 7 cm.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the collimating element includes a collimating hole, which is a through hole penetrating through the collimating element along an incident direction of the proton beam.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the diameter of the collimation hole perpendicular to the incident direction is r1, and r1 is more than or equal to 1 cm.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the compensation structure is a columnar structure with a blind hole in the middle, and the blind hole is used for enabling the incident proton beam to have collimation characteristics.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the length of the blind hole in the incident direction is h1, and the thickness of the compensation structure in the incident direction is d3, h1 < d 3.
According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the device further comprises an insulating element arranged between the absorbing structure and the compensating structure.
According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the outer side surface of the insulating element is attached to the inner side surface of the compensation structure, and the inner side surface of the insulating element is attached to the outer side surface of the absorption structure.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the thickness of the insulating element in the incident direction is d4, and d4 is less than or equal to 0.1 mm.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the device further comprises a cylindrical structure, which is a shell structure with a single side opening, for providing support for the device.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the absorption structure is arranged at the bottom of the tubular structure, and the outer wall surface of the absorption structure is attached to the inner wall surface of the tubular structure.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the cylindrical structure includes a connection hole provided at a bottom of the cylindrical structure for serving as a lead-out hole of the absorption structure.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the device further comprises an extraction electrode, wherein the extraction electrode is arranged on the connecting hole, is in contact connection with the absorption structure and is used for extracting the measurement electric signal of the absorption structure.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the material of the cylindrical structure is polytetrafluoroethylene.
Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a proton fluence rate measurement system comprising the apparatus described above and an electrometer; the electrometer is connected with the leading-out electrode of the device and is used for measuring and displaying the measuring electric signal led out by the leading-out electrode.
(III) advantageous effects
The utility model provides a proton fluence rate measuring device and a system, wherein the device comprises an absorption structure and a compensation structure, wherein the absorption structure is used for absorbing incident proton beam; the compensation structure is arranged in front of the absorption structure along the incident direction of the proton beam, and provides secondary electron emission compensation for the absorption structure in the process of measuring the flow rate of the proton beam; wherein, the material that absorbing structure and compensation structure adopted is graphite. Through the proton fluence rate measuring device of the embodiment of the disclosure, the use of a high-voltage power supply can be avoided through secondary electron emission compensation, and the measuring accuracy is ensured while the operation is convenient. Meanwhile, the materials of the compensation structure and the absorption structure are graphite, so that the device can measure the proton fluence rate in the atmosphere, greatly reduce the residual gamma radiation dose, reduce the ionizing radiation in the detection process and ensure the safety of testers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional structural configuration diagram of a Faraday cage of the prior art;
fig. 2 schematically illustrates a perspective external view of a proton fluence rate measurement apparatus of an embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 3 schematically shows a cross-sectional structure view of a proton fluence rate measurement apparatus of an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a technical schematic of a compensation structure and an absorption structure of an embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 5 is a sectional structural view schematically showing a proton fluence rate measuring apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 schematically illustrates a perspective external view of a proton fluence rate measurement apparatus of an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a composition diagram of a proton fluence rate measurement system of an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 8 schematically illustrates background current versus time for a proton fluence rate measurement apparatus of an embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 9 schematically shows the fluence rate measurement results of the proton fluence rate measurement apparatus of the embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
It is to be noted that, in the attached drawings or in the description, the implementation modes not shown or described are all the modes known by the ordinary skilled person in the field of technology, and are not described in detail. Further, the above definitions of the various elements and methods are not limited to the various specific structures, shapes or arrangements of parts mentioned in the examples, which may be easily modified or substituted by those of ordinary skill in the art.
It should also be noted that directional terms, such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", and the like, used in the embodiments are only directions referring to the drawings, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Throughout the drawings, like elements are represented by like or similar reference numerals. Conventional structures or constructions will be omitted when they may obscure the understanding of the present disclosure.
And the shapes and sizes of the respective components in the drawings do not reflect actual sizes and proportions, but merely illustrate the contents of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, in the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim.
Furthermore, the word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements.
The use of ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," "third," etc., in the specification and in the claims to modify a corresponding element does not by itself connote any ordinal number of the element or any ordering of one element from another or the order of manufacture, and the use of the ordinal numbers is only used to distinguish one element having a certain name from another element having a same name.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules in the device of an embodiment may be adaptively changed and placed in one or more devices different from the embodiment. The modules or units or components of the embodiments may be combined into one module or unit or component, and furthermore they may be divided into a plurality of sub-modules or sub-units or sub-components. All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and all of the processes or elements of any method or apparatus so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or processes or elements are mutually exclusive. Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Also in the unit claims enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware.
Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, various features of the disclosure are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various disclosed aspects. However, the disclosed method should not be interpreted as reflecting an intention that: that is, the claimed disclosure requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, disclosed aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this disclosure.
The basic structural parameters of a faraday cage include: transmission collimation aperture diameter (i.e., transmission aperture diameter), absorber thickness, inner barrel diameter, and length. Wherein, the transmission aperture reflects the size of the measurement area, and the measurement current is larger when the measurement area is larger; the thickness of the absorber depends on the range of incident ions (protons) in the absorber metal, is related to the energy of the protons, and can be selected by program calculation according to the relationship between the energy and the range; the inner barrel diameter is not particularly required, and is generally designed according to a transmission aperture or a conventional Faraday cage structure.
As shown in fig. 1, the prior art faraday cage is generally a cylindrical structure, and the prior art faraday cage is provided with two rings, an upper ring 110 and a lower ring 120, above. The upper ring 110 is grounded to maintain a ground potential, and the lower ring is connected to a negative 300V high voltage, so that a shielding electric field is formed in the collecting cylinder 130 having a cylindrical structure, and it is ensured that external stray electrons cannot enter the collecting cylinder 130 having a cylindrical structure, so that secondary electrons generated by incident ions in the collecting cylinder 130 cannot be sputtered out. Thus, the charge collected by the collection canister 130 is the charge of the incident ions. Ideally, the faraday cup is able to fully capture all of the ion charges entering collector cup 130 and the secondary electrons generated inside collector cup 130.
However, since this type of faraday cup is mainly made of metal material, it needs to be placed in a vacuum pipe or a vacuum chamber to maintain a vacuum state for measuring the proton fluence rate, so that the requirement for the vacuum degree is higher (for example, at least 10) in addition to the generation of gamma radiation with higher dose-5Pa) is added. That is, this places high demands on the vacuum system used to perform proton fluence rate measurements using faraday cups, and often requires high costs to increase the measurement vacuum.
In order to solve the problem that when a Faraday cylinder is adopted to measure the proton fluence rate in the prior art, the gamma radiation dose is high, so that a tester faces great radiation potential safety hazards in the test process, the disclosure provides a proton fluence rate measuring device and a system.
As shown in fig. 2-6, one aspect of the present disclosure provides a proton fluence rate measuring apparatus 200, which includes an absorption structure 210 and a compensation structure 220, wherein the absorption structure 210 is disposed along an incident direction E of a measurement proton beam, and is configured to absorb the incident proton beam to form a corresponding measurement electrical signal; the compensation structure 220 is disposed in front of the absorption structure 210 along the incident direction E of the proton beam, and is configured to provide secondary electron emission compensation for the absorption structure 210 in a process of measuring the proton beam fluence rate (i.e., a proton irradiation process); wherein, the material of the absorption structure 210 and the compensation structure 220 is graphite.
The graphite material is a carbon material with a small atomic number, and is used as the absorber structure 210 and the compensation structure 220, so that residual gamma dose generated by interaction of protons and the device can be further reduced, and ionizing radiation generated by the detector can be reduced. Moreover, direct testing of the proton fluence rate in the atmospheric environment can be realized, so that the proton fluence rate measuring device 200 of the embodiment of the disclosure does not need the requirement for the vacuum degree any more, thereby greatly saving the testing time and cost and improving the testing efficiency.
In addition, the compensation structure 220 compensates for the secondary electron emission provided by the absorption structure 210 during the proton irradiation process, so that the proton fluence rate measuring apparatus 200 of the embodiment of the present disclosure realizes the accurate measurement of the number of high-energy protons.
Through the proton fluence rate measuring device of the embodiment of the disclosure, the use of a high-voltage power supply can be avoided through secondary electron emission compensation, and the measuring accuracy is ensured while the operation is convenient. Meanwhile, the materials of the compensation structure and the absorption structure are graphite, so that the device can measure the proton fluence rate in the atmosphere, greatly reduce the residual gamma radiation dose, reduce the ionizing radiation in the detection process and ensure the safety of testers.
As shown in fig. 2-6, the proton fluence rate measurement apparatus further comprises a cylindrical structure 230, the cylindrical structure 230 being a shell structure with a single-sided opening 201 for providing a measurement support structure for the apparatus 200, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Specifically, the cylindrical structure 230 may be a cylinder or a prism, and the central line a-a' is used as the incident direction of the proton beam, which is indicated by the arrow E shown in fig. 2-6, and the proton beam has high-energy protons, and E may represent the energy value of the proton beam at the same time. The proton fluence rate measuring device of the embodiment of the disclosure can form a Faraday cylinder and is applied to the fluence rate test of proton beam current.
As shown in fig. 2 to 6, according to the embodiment of the disclosure, the absorption structure 210 is disposed at the bottom of the cylindrical structure 230, and the outer wall surface of the absorption structure 210 is attached to the inner wall surface of the cylindrical structure 230, wherein when the proton beam energy is 100MeV, the thickness of the absorption structure 210 in the incident direction E is d0, and d0 is greater than or equal to 7 cm.
Specifically, the absorption structure 210 serves as a collector, and is a columnar structure, such as a graphite column, disposed along the incident direction E perpendicular to the proton beam, and is used for absorbing the high-energy proton beam to generate a proton irradiation electrical signal under the excitation of beam energy. The absorbing structure 210 may correspond to an absorber of a prior art faraday cage. The absorbent structure 210 is embodied as a cylindrical graphite absorber having a diameter of 90mm and a thickness of 70 mm. When the energy of the proton beam is 100MeV, the thickness d0 of the absorption structure 210 is greater than or equal to 7cm, which can ensure that the proton beam does not transmit the absorption structure 210, so as to avoid affecting the precision of the fluence rate measurement.
As shown in fig. 2 to 6, according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the compensation structure 220 includes a collimation element 221, and the collimation element 221 is disposed in the cylindrical structure 230 along an edge of the opening 201 of the cylindrical structure 230, specifically, disposed in front of the compensation element along an incident direction of the proton beam, for enabling the incident proton beam to have a collimation characteristic.
According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, when the energy of the proton beam is 100MeV, the thickness of the collimating element 221 in the incident direction E is d2, and d2 is greater than or equal to 7 cm.
According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the collimating element 221 includes a collimating hole (an opening of the collimating element 221 as indicated by the opening 201), and the collimating hole is formed on the collimating element 221 along the incident direction E corresponding to the cylindrical opening 201.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the diameter of the collimation hole perpendicular to the incident direction E is r1, and r1 is more than or equal to 1 cm.
Specifically, the collimating element 221 may be a collimator, and is mainly used for limiting an irradiation area of the high-energy proton beam irradiated along the incident direction E, so that the high-energy proton beam has a collimating characteristic, and the area irradiated onto the absorbing structure 210 is kept constant, so as to implement accurate calculation of the measurement rate. When the energy of the proton beam is 100MeV, the thickness d2 of the collimating element 221 is greater than or equal to 7cm, so that the collimating element 221 is not easily transmitted by the proton beam, and d2 can be 70 mm.
In addition, the collimating hole may be a through hole penetrating through the collimating element 221 along the incident direction E, and is used for collimating the proton beam. The collimating hole is arranged with the cylindrical opening 201, the diameter r1 of the collimating hole is consistent with that of the opening 201, and in order to ensure better collimation property of the proton beam, the diameter r1 of the collimating hole is more than or equal to 1cm, and r1 can be 20 mm.
As shown in fig. 2-6, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the compensation structure 220 further includes a compensation element 222, and the compensation element 222 is a sheet structure, such as a graphite sheet, disposed in the cylindrical structure 230 perpendicular to the incident direction E for providing the absorption structure 210 with secondary electron emission compensation during proton irradiation.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the thickness of the compensation element 222 in the incident direction E is d1, and d1 is less than or equal to 0.5 mm.
As shown in fig. 4, the compensating element 222 may be a graphite sheet, and the compensating process for the secondary electrons is as follows: the high-energy proton beam is irradiated onto the outer side surface of the compensation element 222 through the collimating hole of the collimating element 221, when the proton passing through the compensation element 222 reaches the absorption structure 210, secondary electrons are emitted on both the outer side surface and the inner side surface of the compensation element 222 and the outer side surface of the absorption structure 210, wherein the outer side surface of the compensation element 222 emits secondary electrons Y1, the inner side surface of the compensation element 222 emits secondary electrons Y2, Y2 is incident on the outer side surface of the absorption structure 210, and the proton energy of Y2 is substantially the same as the energy of the secondary electrons Y3 exiting from the outer side surface of the absorption structure 210. Since the surface states of the three surfaces are identical, the emission coefficients of the secondary electrons finally generated by the three surfaces are all equal. Therefore, the number of secondary electrons generated and emitted at the outer side surface of the absorbing structure 210 may be compensated for each other (i.e., the secondary electrons Y3 lost by the absorbing structure 210 are compensated for by the secondary electrons Y2 of the compensating element 222). That is, the number of secondary electrons emitted from the outer surface of the compensation absorbing structure 210 should be equal to the number of secondary electrons emitted from the compensation element 222 and reaching the absorbing structure 210, so as to achieve the electron access balance of the absorbing structure 210, thereby realizing the compensation of the secondary electrons emitted from the collector, and thus realizing the accurate measurement of the number of high-energy protons by the collector.
Note that the outer side surface is a side surface of an element (e.g., a compensation element, a collimating element, an absorbing structure, etc.) opening toward the cylindrical structure 230, and the inner side surface is a side surface of an element facing away from the cylindrical structure 230 opening.
Further, in order to ensure that the energy loss and the angular divergence are negligible after the medium-high energy proton passes through the compensation element 222, and the compensation effect is better, so that the measurement accuracy is higher, the thickness d1 of the compensation element of the embodiment of the disclosure is less than or equal to 0.5mm, wherein d1 may be 0.1 mm.
As shown in fig. 2-6, the proton fluence rate measurement device 200 further comprises an insulating element 240, the insulating element 240 being disposed between the absorbing structure 210 and the compensating element 222 of the compensating structure 220, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the thickness of the insulating element 240 in the incident direction E is d4, and d4 is 0.1mm or less.
In order to prevent contact between the compensation structure 220 and the absorption structure 210, so as to reduce the influence of proton excited electrons on the compensation structure 220 on the excited electrical signal of the absorption structure 210, and avoid invalid measurement rate test or reduced accuracy, the compensation structure 220 needs to be insulated and separated from the absorption structure 210 by an insulating element. But the insulating element may pass protons to avoid influence on the effect of proton irradiation. Wherein, in order to ensure the measuring accuracy of the proton fluence rate, the thickness d4 of the insulating element is less than or equal to 0.1mm, and d4 can be 10 μm. The insulating element 240 may be a kapton insulating film layer.
As shown in fig. 2-6, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the outer surface of the insulating element 240 facing the compensation structure 220 is attached to the inner surface of the compensation element 222, and the inner surface facing the absorbent structure 210 is attached to the outer surface of the absorbent structure 210.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the outer side surface of the compensation element 222 conforms to the inner side surface of the collimating element 221.
To prevent air from being present between the collimating element 221 and the absorbing structure 210 in the cylindrical structure, which affects the measurement accuracy of the measurement rate of the device of the embodiment of the present disclosure, it is necessary to closely attach the collimating element 221, the compensating element 222, the insulating element 240, and the absorbing structure 210 together.
As shown in fig. 5, according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the compensation structure 220 is a cylindrical structure having a blind hole in the middle, and the blind hole can be used as a collimation hole for enabling the incident proton beam to have collimation characteristics.
According to another embodiment of the disclosure, the length dimension of the blind hole in the incident direction is h1, and the thickness of the compensation structure in the incident direction is d3, h1 < d 3.
As shown in fig. 5, in another embodiment of the present disclosure, the compensation structure 220 is a cylindrical structure, the middle blind hole is opened on the outer surface of the compensation structure 220 facing the opening 201, and the blind hole is not a through hole penetrating through the compensation structure 220. That is, the inner side surface of the compensation structure 220 facing away from the opening 201 is not perforated. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the collimating element and the compensating element are integrally designed structures. In order to ensure the secondary electron emission compensation effect of the compensation structure 220 and the measurement accuracy of the measurement rate, the thickness d3 of the compensation structure in the incident direction and the length dimension (i.e., the hole depth) h1 of the blind hole satisfy h1 < d 3. Corresponding to the above embodiment, h1 is the same as the thickness d2 of the collimating element 221, so the difference between the thickness of the compensating element 222 and (d3-h1) is the same.
As shown in fig. 2-6, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the material of the cylindrical structure 230 is teflon. The insulating effect is satisfied, and meanwhile, the penetration of proton beams can be prevented, and the portability and the sealing property of the shell structure are ensured.
As shown in fig. 5-6, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the cylindrical structure 230 includes a connection hole 202, and the connection hole 202 is disposed at the bottom of the cylindrical structure 230 for serving as a lead-out hole of the absorption structure 210.
According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the proton fluence rate measuring device 200 further comprises an extraction electrode 250, wherein the extraction electrode 250 is disposed on the connection hole 202 and is in contact connection with the absorption structure 210, and is used for deriving a measurement electrical signal of the absorption structure 210. The extraction electrode 250 penetrates the cylindrical structure 230 through the connection hole 202, and seals the cylindrical structure 23 from the bottom.
As shown in fig. 7, another aspect of the present disclosure provides a proton fluence rate measurement system, which includes the above-mentioned proton fluence rate measurement apparatus 200 and an electrometer 300; the electrometer 300 is in communication with the extraction electrode 250 of the proton fluence rate measuring device 200 and is configured to measure and display a measurement electrical signal derived from the extraction electrode 250. The electrometer 300 may be a pico-meter, or may be replaced with a pico-meter.
The electrometer 300 of embodiments of the present disclosure may have a current measurement range of 10-17～10-2The test of A shows that the proton fluence rate measuring device 200 and the electrometer 300 are connected by a coaxial low-noise cable, and the whole connection is as shown in FIG. 7. The irradiation test is carried out on the proton beam flow by the measuring system, and the background current of the proton fluence rate measuring device 200 is only 10-14The A-magnitude proton beam current can be measured completely, the measurable maximum current reaches the mA magnitude, and therefore the problem of wide-range proton fluence rate detection is solved.
As shown in fig. 8, the background current of the atmospheric proton fluence rate measuring apparatus 200 of the secondary electron emission compensation type is measured by the measuring system in the embodiment of the present disclosure, and the test time is 100 s. For conventional faraday cages, the background current intensity is typically between a few pA to a few tenths of pA, whereas the background current intensity of the secondary electron emission compensated proton fluence rate measurement apparatus 200 of the embodiments of the present disclosure varies from about-0.05 pA to +0.05pA, which is seen to have a small background fluctuation, and thus the lower detection limit range is extended by about one order of magnitude compared to conventional vacuum faraday cages.
As shown in FIG. 9, is 1X 106～1×108p/cm-2·s-1In the range of fluence rate measurement, the proton fluence rate measurement apparatus 200 can reflect the intensity fluctuation change condition of the measured beam in real time, and completely meet the requirement of beam measurement in a medium-energy proton irradiation experiment. Moreover, experimental measurement shows that when the beam intensity is within 1 microampere, the measured proton beam fluence rates can be measured repeatedly and the results are consistent. Meanwhile, the residual gamma dose of the proton fluence rate measuring device measured 5 hours after the experiment is finished is about several mu Sv/h and is in an ampereWithin the full dosage range. Correspondingly, the traditional metal copper Faraday cage irradiates for the same time at the same beam intensity, the residual gamma dose is about dozens of MuSv/h after the beam is stopped for 5 hours, and the gamma radiation residual dose is higher. Finally, the proton fluence rate measuring device 200 in the atmospheric environment according to the embodiment of the disclosure is compared with the conventional vacuum faraday cage, and the error of the test result of the two is within 5%, so that the requirement that the beam intensity measurement error of the intermediate-energy proton irradiation experiment is within 20% is met. That is, with this open embodiment's proton fluence rate measuring device can satisfy atmospheric test environment, need not the requirement of vacuum degree, greatly practiced thrift the time and the cost of test, improved efficiency of software testing.
Therefore, compared with the prior art, the existing vacuum Faraday cage needs to measure the intensity of the charged particle flow under a vacuum environment, the operation is complex, a high-voltage power supply needs to be used for adding negative bias to a suppression electrode to suppress the overflow of secondary electrons, and meanwhile, the traditional Faraday cage which can radiate metal materials by intermediate energy protons can generate residual gamma radiation with higher dose, so that great ionizing radiation harm is generated to experimental operators. The proton fluence rate measuring device provided by the embodiment of the disclosure is used as a Faraday cylinder to test the measurement rate of the intermediate energy protons, the vacuum requirement is not required, the measurement can be accurately carried out in the atmosphere, the operation is simple and convenient, the time and the cost are saved, and the cost is only about 10% of the cost of the traditional Faraday cylinder.
Meanwhile, in the proton fluence rate measuring device provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, since the absorption structure and the compensation structure are made of graphite, the participation of gamma radiation is basically within a safe dose range, and thus the experimental efficiency is improved under the condition of ensuring the safety of personnel. In fact, the proton fluence rate measuring device can be arranged on a sample rack, and the position is moved, so that the beam uniformity is measured, and the function diversification is realized.
So far, the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that, unless a technical obstacle or conflict exists, the above-mentioned various embodiments of the present disclosure may be freely combined to form further embodiments, which are all within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.
While the present disclosure has been described in connection with the accompanying drawings, the embodiments disclosed in the drawings are intended to be illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the disclosure, and should not be construed as limiting the disclosure. The dimensional proportions in the drawings are merely schematic and are not to be understood as limiting the disclosure.
Although a few embodiments of the present general inventive concept have been shown and described, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the general inventive concept, the scope of which is defined in the claims and their equivalents.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (16)
1. A proton fluence rate measurement device, comprising:
the absorption structure is used for absorbing incident proton beam;
the compensation structure is arranged in front of the absorption structure along the incident direction of the proton beam and provides secondary electron emission compensation for the absorption structure in the process of measuring the flow rate of the proton beam;
wherein, the material that absorbing structure and compensation structure adopted is graphite.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the absorption structure is a columnar structure disposed perpendicular to an incident direction of the proton beam current.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the compensation structure comprises:
and the compensation element is a sheet structure which is arranged perpendicular to the incident direction of the proton beam.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the compensation structure further comprises:
and the collimation element is arranged in front of the compensation element along the incident direction of the proton beam and is used for enabling the incident proton beam to have collimation characteristics.
5. The device of claim 4, wherein an inner side surface of the collimating element is disposed in abutment with an outer side surface of the compensating element.
6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the collimating element comprises:
and the collimation hole is a through hole penetrating through the collimation element along the incident direction of the proton beam.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the compensation structure is a cylindrical structure having a blind hole in the middle, and the blind hole is used for enabling the incident proton beam to have collimation characteristics.
8. The device of claim 7, wherein the blind hole has a length h1 in the incident direction, and the compensation structure has a thickness d3 in the incident direction, h1 < d 3.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an insulating element disposed between the absorbing structure and the compensating structure.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein an outside surface of the insulating element conforms to an inside surface of the compensation structure and an inside surface of the insulating element conforms to an outside surface of the absorption structure.
11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
and the cylindrical structure is a shell structure with an opening on one side and is used for providing support for the device.
12. The device of claim 11, wherein the absorbent structure is disposed at a bottom of the tubular structure, and wherein an outer wall surface of the absorbent structure is disposed in close proximity to an inner wall surface of the tubular structure.
13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the cylindrical structure comprises:
and the connecting hole is arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical structure and is used as a leading-out hole of the absorption structure.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:
and the extraction electrode is arranged on the connecting hole, is in contact connection with the absorption structure and is used for deriving the measurement electric signal of the absorption structure.
15. The device of claim 11, wherein the material of the cylindrical structure is polytetrafluoroethylene.
16. A proton fluence rate measurement system, comprising:
the device of any one of claims 1-15;
and the electrometer is connected with the leading-out electrode of the device and is used for measuring and displaying the measuring electric signal led out by the leading-out electrode.
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