CN112558136A - Processing method for three-dimensional detection of collision of strong laser pulse and high-energy electrons - Google Patents
Processing method for three-dimensional detection of collision of strong laser pulse and high-energy electrons Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a processing method for three-dimensional detection of collision of strong laser pulses and high-energy electrons. The method comprises the step of simulating a full-space motion track of high-energy electrons by tracking the motion of each electron in an electromagnetic field by adopting a Matlab three-dimensional programming simulation method, and the full-space motion track is used for processing a nonlinear process of an interaction process of laser pulses and the high-energy electrons. The method and the device solve the technical problems that strong laser pulses and high-energy electrons cannot be detected in a three-dimensional mode in the related technology and are applied to the actual experiment process. According to the three-dimensional detection method and device based on the Matlab programming, the full-time and full-space characteristics of the three-dimensional detection of the collision of the high-energy electrons and the strong laser pulses based on the Matlab programming are obtained, and theoretical and numerical simulation bases are provided for the three-dimensional detection of the collision of the high-energy electrons and the strong laser pulses based on the full-time and full-space experiments. The collision characteristic of strong laser pulse and high-energy electrons is researched by writing a Matlab program, and the method has important significance and better application prospect in actual detection.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of electronics, in particular to a processing method for three-dimensional detection of collision of strong laser pulses and high-energy electrons.
Background
Electronics is a physical discipline that studies the characteristics, behavior, and electronic devices of electrons. It has been developed with the core of research and utilization of electronic motion and electromagnetic waves and their interactions.
As is known, electrons move irregularly around a nucleus at a high speed (the thermal movement rate of electrons in a metal conductor is as high as 10 ten thousand meters per second under normal temperature conditions), and a position range where electrons of a certain energy level have the largest occurrence probability is obtained through a large amount of data statistics on an electron orbital diagram outside the nucleus depicted by people, such as a commonly-known spherical shape, a dumbbell shape and the like. Since the electron trajectory in high-speed motion is difficult to control, it is necessary to capture electrons that move at high speed and have random positions by carefully observing and studying the characteristics of the electrons. Laser pulses with pulse lengths on the order of attosecond have been generated experimentally by synthesizing several harmonics around the cut-off frequency (1 attosecond-10-18 s). The acquisition of the attosecond pulse opens a brand-new field of ultrafast science, and people can detect and control the movement of electrons in atomic molecules on the natural time scale of the movement of the electrons, which is another great leap of people controlling the movement of substances in the micro world after femtosecond science.
In the last decade, the application of Chirped Pulse Amplification (CPA) technology has increased the peak intensity of laser pulses by 5-6 orders of magnitude, with pulse widths as short as tens of femtoseconds. Focusing a beam of ultrashort laser pulse in a small space range with laser intensity higher than 1019Wμm2/cm2The electric field may be greater than 1012V/m. Such a strong electric field has motivated the idea of using ultra-strong and ultra-short laser pulses to control electrons, and many models of laser pulses to accelerate electrons in vacuum and plasma have been proposed.
The three-dimensional omnibearing analysis and research on the three-dimensional stereo detection of the collision of the strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons in the prior art is insufficient, and the main difficulty lies in theoretically deducing a nonlinear full-time motion equation and an energy equation of the three-dimensional stereo detection of the collision of the strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons based on Matlab programming and how to apply a finite element method to correctly solve a Maxwell equation, a Lagrangian equation, a motion equation and an energy equation of the full-time electrons. Meanwhile, the requirement of practical experiments on environmental equipment is high.
Aiming at the problems that strong laser pulses and high-energy electrons cannot be detected in a three-dimensional mode in the related technology and are applied to the practical experiment process, an effective solution is not provided at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The main objective of the present application is to provide a processing method for three-dimensional detection of collision between a strong laser pulse and a high-energy electron, so as to solve the problem that collision between a strong laser pulse and a high-energy electron cannot be detected three-dimensionally in the related art, and the method is applied to the actual experimental process.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present application, a processing method for three-dimensional stereo detection of collision of a strong laser pulse with a high-energy electron is provided.
The processing method for the three-dimensional detection of the collision of the strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons comprises the following steps:
the Matlab three-dimensional programming simulation method is adopted to simulate the full-space motion trail of the high-energy electrons by tracking the motion of each electron in an electromagnetic field, is used for processing the nonlinear process of the interaction process of the laser pulse and the high-energy electrons,
the theory and numerical simulation basis of the three-dimensional detection of the collision of the strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons are based on the acquisition of the full-time and full-space characteristics of the three-dimensional detection of the collision of the strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons programmed by Matlab.
Further, the theory and numerical simulation basis of three-dimensional detection of collision of the strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons are obtained by the method comprising the following steps:
by utilizing the principle that the circularly polarized laser pulse accelerates electrons, a relativistic equation of electron motion and an equation of an electromagnetic theory of laser are accurately solved, and a full-space equation and an energy gain equation of a high-energy electron motion track are obtained.
Further, the theory and numerical simulation basis of three-dimensional detection of collision of the strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons are obtained by the method comprising the following steps:
and (3) correctly solving Maxwell equations, Lagrangian equations, motion equations of full-time electrons, energy gain equations and full-space equations of the motion tracks of the high-energy electrons by applying a finite element method.
Further, a Matlab three-dimensional programming simulation method is adopted to simulate the full-space motion trail of high-energy electrons by tracking the motion of each electron in an electromagnetic field, and the nonlinear process of the interaction process of laser pulses and the high-energy electrons is processed, and the method comprises the following steps:
on the basis of theory, a single electron model is established, the influence of different laser beam waist radiuses and different electron initial speeds on the electron motion track in the process of collision of strong laser pulses and high-energy electrons,
by changing parameters of beam waist radius and electron initial velocity, a large number of electron motion track graphs and energy spectrum graphs are obtained, and the influence of the beam waist radius and the electron initial velocity on the electron motion track and energy generation is obtained by analyzing the graph change trend and parameters,
wherein the parameters include at least: radius of spiral motion, center point location, energy value.
Further, comprising:
a three-dimensional relativity Matlab program is developed, a 9-point differential operator method is adopted to improve numerical value precision, and an approximate matrix factorization method is adopted to reduce storage capacity and calculation amount.
Further, comprising:
through the obtained full-time and full-space characteristics of three-dimensional detection of the collision of the Matlab programming-based strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons, theoretical and numerical simulation bases are provided for the three-dimensional detection of the collision of the Matlab programming-based strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons in full time and full space in experiments.
Further, comprising:
and (3) respectively changing the waist radius of the laser beam and the electron initial velocity by adopting a control variable method to obtain a large number of electron motion track graphs.
Further, when the laser beam waist radius and the electron initial velocity are respectively changed by adopting a control variable method to obtain a large number of electron motion track graphs, the method further comprises the following steps:
under the same electron initial velocity condition, when the laser beam waist radius is larger than 15 and gradually increases, the electron motion track gradually tends to be stable.
Further, when the laser beam waist radius and the electron initial velocity are respectively changed by adopting a control variable method to obtain a large number of electron motion track graphs, the method further comprises the following steps:
when the electron initial velocity is opposite to the laser field direction, the electron motion track has small fluctuation and is more concentrated,
under the same condition of the waist radius of the laser beam, the following critical states are reached along with the increase of the initial velocity of the electron reversal:
when the speed uz0 is-0.80 c, the starting position and the ending position of the electron spiral movement coincide;
when the speed uz0 is-0.86 c, the single electron coupling phenomenon occurs;
when the velocity uz0 is-0.90 c, the coupling phenomenon disappears and the electrons always move along the initial velocity direction.
Where c is the speed of light.
Further, comprising:
the beam waist radius of the laser pulse and the initial speed of the electrons are changed to control the motion track of the electrons.
In the processing method for three-dimensional detection of collision between strong laser pulse and high-energy electrons in the embodiment of the application, a Matlab three-dimensional programming simulation method is adopted to simulate the full-space motion trajectory of the high-energy electrons by tracking the motion of each electron in an electromagnetic field, so as to process the nonlinear process of the interaction process of the laser pulse and the high-energy electrons, and achieve the purpose of providing theoretical and numerical simulation basis for the three-dimensional detection of collision between the strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons in full time and full space based on the obtained Matlab programming, thereby realizing the research on the collision characteristics between the strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons by writing the Matlab program, having important significance and better application prospect technical effect in actual detection, and further solving the problem that the collision between the strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons cannot be detected in the related technology, and the method is applied to the technical problem in the practical experimental process.
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The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, serve to provide a further understanding of the application and to enable other features, objects, and advantages of the application to be more apparent. The drawings and their description illustrate the embodiments of the invention and do not limit it. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of laser pulse and electron interactions with varying beam waist radii;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of electron and laser pulse collision interactions;
FIG. 3 shows the control uz0A trace image schematic diagram of an electron when the electron is 0;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a trajectory image of an electron when uz0 is controlled to be 0.5 c;
FIG. 5 shows the control uz0A trace image schematic of an electron at-0.5 c;
FIGS. 6(A) -6(D) are schematic diagrams of partial electron trajectories for uz0 in the range-0.99 c to 0.99 c;
FIGS. 7(A) -7(O) are second partial trace images of electrons in the range of-0.99 c to 0.99c for uz 0.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It should be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that embodiments of the application described herein may be used. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
In this application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.
Moreover, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides the orientation or positional relationship, for example, the term "on" may also be used to indicate some kind of attachment or connection relationship in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "provided," "connected," and "sleeved" are to be construed broadly. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or a unitary construction; can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements or components. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The method comprises the following steps:
the Matlab three-dimensional programming simulation method is adopted to simulate the full-space motion trail of the high-energy electrons by tracking the motion of each electron in an electromagnetic field, is used for processing the nonlinear process of the interaction process of the laser pulse and the high-energy electrons,
the theory and numerical simulation basis of the three-dimensional detection of the collision of the strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons are based on the acquisition of the full-time and full-space characteristics of the three-dimensional detection of the collision of the strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons programmed by Matlab.
In the embodiment of the application, theoretical analysis and Matlab numerical simulation means are adopted to research the three-dimensional detection of the collision of the strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons.
Specifically, in the theoretical study, mainly included: and deducing a full-time motion equation, an energy equation and a full-space motion equation of the high-energy electrons of the three-dimensional detection of the collision of the strong laser pulses and the high-energy electrons.
Specifically, the numerical simulation study mainly includes: and (3) simulating the high-energy electronic full-space motion track by using Matlab software three-dimensional programming.
It should be noted that the Matlab three-dimensional programming simulation method is particularly suitable for studying the nonlinear process of the interaction process of laser pulses and high-energy electrons by tracking the movement of each electron in an electromagnetic field, is a preferred and main numerical study tool for studying the interaction of ultrashort pulse laser and high-energy electrons at present, and is also a mainstream method for studying the full-time and full-space movement trajectory of high-energy electrons.
Preferably, a large computer is adopted to solve the theoretical problem which cannot be solved before, a 9-point differential operator method can be adopted to improve numerical precision, an approximate matrix factorization method is adopted to reduce storage capacity and calculation amount, a large amount of data can be analyzed and corrected, a theoretical basis is provided for experimental research, and therefore an effective solution is provided for operation of large data and storage of the large data.
From the above description, it can be seen that the following technical effects are achieved by the present application:
in the processing method for three-dimensional detection of collision between strong laser pulse and high-energy electrons in the embodiment of the application, a Matlab three-dimensional programming simulation method is adopted to simulate the full-space motion trajectory of the high-energy electrons by tracking the motion of each electron in an electromagnetic field, so as to process the nonlinear process of the interaction process of the laser pulse and the high-energy electrons, and achieve the purpose of providing theoretical and numerical simulation basis for the three-dimensional detection of collision between the strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons in full time and full space based on the obtained Matlab programming, thereby realizing the research on the collision characteristics between the strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons by writing the Matlab program, having important significance and better application prospect technical effect in actual detection, and further solving the problem that the collision between the strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons cannot be detected in the related technology, and the method is applied to the technical problem in the practical experimental process.
According to the embodiment of the present application, as a preferable basis in the embodiment, the method for obtaining the theoretical and numerical simulation basis of the three-dimensional stereo detection of the collision between the strong laser pulse and the high-energy electron includes:
by utilizing the principle that the circularly polarized laser pulse accelerates electrons, a relativistic equation of electron motion and an equation of an electromagnetic theory of laser are accurately solved, and a full-space equation and an energy gain equation of a high-energy electron motion track are obtained.
Specifically, a relativistic equation of electron motion and an equation of an electromagnetic theory of laser are accurately solved by using a principle that circular polarization laser pulses accelerate electrons, so that a motion trail equation and an energy gain equation of the electrons are obtained.
According to the embodiment of the present application, as a preferable basis in the embodiment, the method for obtaining the theoretical and numerical simulation basis of the three-dimensional stereo detection of the collision between the strong laser pulse and the high-energy electron includes:
and (3) correctly solving Maxwell equations, Lagrangian equations, motion equations of full-time electrons, energy gain equations and full-space equations of the motion tracks of the high-energy electrons by applying a finite element method.
Specifically, a finite element method is applied to correctly solve a Maxwell equation, a Lagrangian equation, a motion equation of full-time electrons, an energy equation and a full-space equation of a motion track of high-energy electrons, a single electron model is established on the theoretical basis, and the influence of different laser beam waist radii and different electron initial speeds on the motion track of the electrons in the interaction process of circular polarization laser pulses and the electrons is researched.
In the embodiment, a three-dimensional relativity matlab numerical simulation method is adopted, the motion of high-energy electrons is tracked in real time, a Maxwell equation and a Newton equation are directly started, no approximation is introduced, three-dimensional stereo detection of collision of strong laser pulses and the high-energy electrons based on matlab programming is researched, and a physical mechanism of the three-dimensional stereo detection of the collision of the strong laser pulses and the high-energy electrons is disclosed; through the obtained full-time and full-space characteristics of three-dimensional detection of collision of the high-energy electrons and the strong laser pulses based on matlab programming, theoretical and numerical simulation bases are provided for three-dimensional detection of collision of the high-energy electrons and the strong laser pulses in the full time and the full space in experiments.
According to the embodiment of the present application, as a preferred method in the embodiment, a Matlab three-dimensional programming simulation method is adopted to simulate a full-space motion trajectory of high-energy electrons by tracking the motion of each electron in an electromagnetic field, and a nonlinear process of a laser pulse and high-energy electron interaction process is processed, including:
on the basis of theory, a single electron model is established, the influence of different laser beam waist radiuses and different electron initial speeds on the electron motion track in the process of collision of strong laser pulses and high-energy electrons,
by changing parameters of beam waist radius and electron initial velocity, a large number of electron motion track graphs and energy spectrum graphs are obtained, and the influence of the beam waist radius and the electron initial velocity on the electron motion track and energy generation is obtained by analyzing the graph change trend and parameters,
wherein the parameters include at least: radius of spiral motion, center point location, energy value.
Specifically, a relativistic equation of electron motion and an equation of an electromagnetic theory of laser are accurately solved to obtain a motion trail equation and an energy gain equation of electrons, an expression of electron motion trail and energy is obtained according to the obtained relativistic motion equation of the electrons, a large number of electron motion trail graphs and energy spectrum graphs are obtained by changing parameters of beam waist radius and electron initial velocity, and the influence of the beam waist radius and the electron initial velocity on the electron motion trail and energy generation is obtained by analyzing graph change trend and parameters (spiral motion radius, central point position and energy value).
According to the embodiment of the present application, as preferable in the embodiment, the method includes:
a three-dimensional relativity Matlab program is developed, a 9-point differential operator method is adopted to improve numerical value precision, and an approximate matrix factorization method is adopted to reduce storage capacity and calculation amount.
Particularly, by developing a three-dimensional relativistic matlab program, the program has important application in researching the interaction between strong laser and a substance, and is essential basic work for researching the interaction between the strong laser and the substance. The program adopts a 9-point differential operator method to improve numerical value precision, and adopts an approximate matrix factorization method to reduce storage amount and calculation amount.
According to the embodiment of the present application, as preferable in the embodiment, the method includes:
through the obtained full-time and full-space characteristics of three-dimensional detection of the collision of the Matlab programming-based strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons, theoretical and numerical simulation bases are provided for the three-dimensional detection of the collision of the Matlab programming-based strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons in full time and full space in experiments.
According to the embodiment of the present application, as preferable in the embodiment, the method includes:
and (3) respectively changing the waist radius of the laser beam and the electron initial velocity by adopting a control variable method to obtain a large number of electron motion track graphs.
Specifically, when the beam waist radius is between 1 and 15, the electron movement locus is relatively dispersed, and a small change of the beam waist radius causes a large change of the electron movement locus, and such a beam waist radius cannot realize stable control of the electron movement condition.
When the beam waist radius is larger than 15 and gradually increases, the electron motion track is gradually stable because the laser is dispersed, the focusing degree is not high, and the acceleration capability of the electron is weakened, but the electron motion track can be well controlled.
According to the embodiment of the present application, as a preferred method in the embodiment, when a control variable method is adopted to respectively change the waist radius of the laser beam and the electron initial velocity to obtain a large number of electron motion trajectory graphs, the method further includes:
under the same electron initial velocity condition, when the laser beam waist radius is larger than 15 and gradually increases, the electron motion track gradually tends to be stable.
According to the embodiment of the present application, as a preferred method in the embodiment, when a control variable method is adopted to respectively change the waist radius of the laser beam and the electron initial velocity to obtain a large number of electron motion trajectory graphs, the method further includes:
when the electron initial velocity is opposite to the laser field direction, the electron motion track has small fluctuation and is more concentrated,
under the same condition of the waist radius of the laser beam, the following critical states are reached along with the increase of the initial velocity of the electron reversal:
when the speed uz0 is-0.80 c, the starting position and the ending position of the electron spiral movement coincide;
when the speed uz0 is-0.86 c, the single electron coupling phenomenon occurs;
when the velocity uz0 is-0.90 c, the coupling phenomenon disappears and the electrons always move along the initial velocity direction.
Where c is the speed of light.
Specifically, it can be seen that, when the initial velocity of the electron is opposite to the direction of the laser field, the motion trajectory of the electron fluctuates little and is concentrated, so that the motion of the electron is better controlled in this case. Under the same laser beam waist radius, with the increase of the electron reverse initial velocity, the critical state is reached: when uz0 is-0.80 c, the start position and the end position of the electron spiral movement coincide; when uz0 is-0.86 c, the single electron coupling phenomenon occurs; when uz0 is-0.90 c, the coupling phenomenon disappears and the electrons will always move in the initial velocity direction.
By changing the beam waist radius of the laser pulse and the initial velocity of the electrons, the electron motion trajectory is controlled. According to the theoretical result, the ultraviolet laser can be used for emitting light beams, a channel is formed by ionization in the air, and the current is led to a target, so that the self-defense electric shock device and the short-wave-band high-power laser are combined to manufacture a stiff weapon.
Preferably, the laser pulse can be used to control the movement of electrons, so that the electrons can be imaged on a fluorescent screen to form a high-precision laser image control instrument.
Preferably, when the laser beam and the electrons "chase" the electrons, when the electron initial velocity is greater than a certain range, the electron trajectory will deviate from the central axis by a large margin, and in the scientific research field, the electrons with different initial velocities can be screened from this to make a novel velocity selector.
Preferably, in the case of single electron coupling, the number of observations can be increased, other applications to be further investigated.
According to the embodiment of the present application, as preferable in the embodiment, the method includes:
the beam waist radius of the laser pulse and the initial speed of the electrons are changed to control the motion track of the electrons.
The implementation principle of the application is as follows:
theoretical model (I)
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic illustration of the interaction of laser pulses with varying beam waist radii with electrons. The laser pulse propagates from left to right with a stationary electron located on the laser propagation axis near the pulse focal point. When the laser meets the electrons, the electrons are pushed to the right by the ponderomotive force of the rising edge of the pulse, and the process is carried out in the area close to the focal point, so that the intensity of the laser is high, and the acceleration effect on the electrons is obvious. When the rising edge of the pulse crosses the falling edge of the electron pulse to start decelerating the electrons, both the pulse and the electrons have moved away from the focal point, the laser intensity is also significantly reduced and the deceleration effect is therefore also smaller. The asymmetry of acceleration and deceleration enables the electrons to gain energy after the laser pulse and the electrons are separated, and the movement of the electrons can be controlled.
As shown in fig. 2, is a schematic diagram of the electron and laser pulse collision interaction. The relativistic electrons move toward the laser pulse along the-z axis, assuming that the laser pulse propagates along the + z axis.
(II) concrete algorithm and solving process
In the embodiment of the application, a finite element method is applied to correctly solve a Maxwell equation, a Lagrangian equation, a motion equation of full-time electrons, an energy equation and a full-space equation of a motion track of high-energy electrons, and the proposed specific solving algorithm is as follows:
wherein,
the normalized sagittal potential of a chirped focused gaussian pulsed laser electric field is usually written in the form:
wherein a is0Is by mc2Normalized laser amplitude/e, m and e being the static mass of the electron and the electrical quantity η ═ z-t, ρ, respectively2＝x2+y2L and b are the pulse width and beam waist radius of the laser, respectively,
wherein b is0Is the minimum radius of the pulse, b is the beam waist half where the pulse propagates to zThe diameter of the steel wire is measured,
corresponding to the Rayleigh length of the beam, phi ═ eta + c0η2+φR-φG+φ0，c0Is the chirp parameter of the laser pulse and,
the phase related to the curvature of the wavefront, R (z) is the radius of curvature of the pulsed laser wavefront,
is the Guoy phase, φ, associated with the change in π phase that a Gaussian beam will undergo as it passes from infinity to + ∞0The initial phase of the laser pulse may be set to an arbitrary value, where the initial phase indicates the phase of the laser pulse when the electron just meets the laser pulse, and δ is a polarization parameter, where δ ═ 0 and δ ± + -1 correspond to linearly polarized light and circularly polarized light, respectively.
In the above definition, the spatial and temporal coordinates are separately defined
And
normalization, ω0And k0The frequency and wavenumber of the laser light, respectively. Obviously, when the beam waist radius changes, the intensity of the pulse laser also changes, and the beam waist radius of the pulse at the focus is minimum b0And therefore the intensity here is maximal; in the regions away from the focus, the beam waist radius is much larger than the radius at the focus, so there is also a significant drop in the intensity of the laser. E.g. one Rayleigh length from the focal point, peak of the laser lightThe value intensity is only 50% of the laser intensity at the focus.
In a rectangular coordinate system, the vector potential of the light field can be written as:
ax＝aLcos(φ)，ay＝aLsin(φ) (2)
wherein a isL＝exp(-η2/L2-ρ2/b2)(b0B) in order to satisfy the coulomb specification conditions
The light field has a longitudinal component:
az＝aL[-2xsin(φ+θ)/b0b+δ2ycos(φ+θ)/b0b] (3)
wherein theta is pi-tan-1(z/zf) In practice, when the beam waist radius of the optical pulse is larger than 5 lambda0When a iszRatio ax， ayOne order of magnitude smaller. The movement of electrons in an electromagnetic field can be described by the lagrangian equation and the energy equation of the electrons:
where u is the electron velocity normalized by the speed of light c and a is the speed of mc2Normalized vector potential of/e, p ═ γ u is the electron momentum normalized by mc, γ ═ 1-u2)-1/2Is a relativistic factor, also using mc2Normalized electron energy, of equation (4)
Acting only on a.
Substituting equations (2) and (3) into equations (4) and (5) can result in:
wherein u isx，uy，uzThe velocity components of the electrons in the x, y and z directions are solved, and the coordinate, the velocity, the acceleration and the energy change process of the electrons in the laser field along with time can be obtained by solving the four partial differential equations.
Finally, preferably, the above formula is substituted into matlab program, and the numerical precision is improved by adopting "9-point differential operator method", and the storage amount and the calculation amount are reduced by adopting "approximate matrix factorization method".
By changing parameters of beam waist radius and electron initial velocity, a large number of electron motion track graphs and energy spectrum graphs are obtained, and the influence of the beam waist radius and the electron initial velocity on the electron motion track and energy generation is obtained by analyzing the graph change trend and parameters (spiral motion radius, central point position and energy value).
The electron motion state in the laser field is influenced by the beam waist radius b0 and the self speed u of the laser fieldz0(including size and orientation) and the like. In the process of using MATLAB software simulation, the beam waist radius and the self speed u of a laser field are respectively researched by controlling variablesz0The effect of the change in (c).
(III) analyzing the influence of the beam waist radius of the laser pulse on the electron motion track
When controlling uz0When b0 is changed, the trajectory image of electrons such asFIG. 3 shows:
as can be seen from the above pictures, uz0When being 0, when the beam waist radius is 3 ~ 5, the electron motion trail is the garlic type, and when the beam waist radius started to increase gradually from 8, the electron motion trail becomes the silkworm cocoon type gradually, and the afterbody still can be stable still to experience the spiral at first, and the afterbody spiral disappears after the beam waist radius is greater than 15 gradually, and the image is more stable.
When uz0 is controlled to be 0.5c, it can be seen that the trajectory image of electrons is as shown in fig. 4 as b0 changes:
as can be seen from the above pictures, when uz0When the waist radius is 3-10 c, the electron motion track is in a garlic shape, gradually changes from a big head to a small head in the process, then changes into a silkworm cocoon shape with an outward extending axis when the waist radius is increased from 10, and the electron motion track tends to be stable when the waist radius is larger than 15.
When controlling uz0When b0 is changed at-0.5 c, the trajectory image of the electron is as follows:
when u is shown in FIG. 5 abovez0When the beam waist radius is about 3, the electron movement locus is a cocoon type in which the axis extends laterally, and when the beam waist radius is larger than 5 and gradually increases, the electron movement locus is still a cocoon type in which the central axis is not deviated laterally but extends inward.
In summary, when the beam waist radius is between 1 and 15, the electron movement locus is relatively dispersed, and a small change of the beam waist radius causes a large change of the electron movement locus, such a beam waist radius cannot realize stable control of the electron movement condition.
When the beam waist radius is larger than 15 and gradually increases, the electron motion track is gradually stable because the laser is dispersed, the focusing degree is not high, and the acceleration capability of the electron is weakened, but the electron motion track can be well controlled.
(IV) analyzing the influence of the electron initial velocity on the electron motion track
From the above discussion of the beam waist radius, in order to control the electron motion more conveniently and effectively, we discuss the influence of the electron initial velocity on the motion trajectory thereof under the condition that the beam waist radius is 20. The partial motion trace diagram of electrons in the uz0 range from-0.99 c to 0.99c is as follows:
watch one (speed consistent with laser field direction) (a0 ═ 5, beam waist radius 20)
When the initial speed direction of the electrons is the same as the propagation direction of the laser, the movement distance from the impact of the electrons to the final stability is increased along with the continuous increase of the initial speed of the electrons. The image shows that when uz0 is 0-0.40 c, the whole electronic motion track is cocoon-shaped and more concentrated; when uz0 changes from 0.5c to 0.7c, the electron motion track fluctuates, the tail of the silkworm cocoon-shaped track gradually starts to be spiraled, and the radius of the silkworm cocoon-shaped track deviating from the central axis continuously increases; when the temperature changes from 0.80c to 0.99c, the motion track of the electron has larger fluctuation, the phenomenon of tail spiral is very obvious, the radius of the tail spiral is further increased, and the track is difficult to stabilize.
As can be seen, when uz0 is large (about 0.70c to 0.99 c), the trajectory fluctuation of electrons under laser control is large, and the electrons are in an unstable state, and in this case, the electron motion is difficult to control.
Table two (speed opposite to laser field direction) (a0 ═ 5, b0 ═ 2 ×. pi × (20)) (d denotes the maximum radius of electron deviation from the central axis)
It is found from a large number of graphic analyses that the velocity of the electrons has a significant influence on the movement path of the electrons when the control variables a0 are 5 and b0 is 2 pi 20 are unchanged.
When the electronic initial velocity direction is opposite to the laser propagation direction, the electronic motion track is in a silkworm cocoon shape as a whole as can be known from images when the electronic initial velocity is changed from 0 to-0.2 c; when the initial speed of the electron is increased from about-0.2 c, the trend of the electron maintaining the original moving direction is increased, so the distance the electron travels from the impact of the laser pulse to the moving away from the initial speed direction is increased, and the starting position and the end position of the spiral movement are closer and closer.
By the formula: d ═ sqrt ((x2/2/pi) · 2+ (x1/2/pi) · 2); d is max (D), the maximum value d of the radius of the electron track deviating from the central axis is calculated, the d value is found to be continuously reduced along with the increase of the electron speed, and the motion track of the electron track is gradually spirally sunken inwards from two ends of the silkworm cocoon shape into a round cake shape along with the continuous increase of the reverse initial speed. The analysis of the motion trail diagram shows that the critical state is reached when the initial velocity of the electron is-0.8 c, and the starting point and the end point of the electron spiral motion are just coincided. When the electron speed continues to increase, the electron is less and less interfered by the laser field, the trend of maintaining the original motion direction is stronger and stronger, the reverse motion distance is shorter and shorter, and the motion track of the electron is continuously stretched outwards from two ends of the round cake shape. When the electron speed is-0.9 c, the reverse motion distance reaches a critical value of 0, namely the electrons just can move along the initial speed direction all the time, the motion track of the electrons just becomes a gyroscope shape, the two ends of the gyroscope continue to stretch outwards along with the increase of the initial speed of the electrons, and the position of the track deviating from the central axis is continuously reduced.
In conclusion, when the initial speed of the electron is opposite to the direction of the laser field, the motion trail of the electron has small fluctuation and is concentrated, so that the motion of the electron is better controlled under the condition.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A processing method for three-dimensional detection of collision of strong laser pulses and high-energy electrons is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the Matlab three-dimensional programming simulation method is adopted to simulate the full-space motion trail of the high-energy electrons by tracking the motion of each electron in an electromagnetic field, is used for processing the nonlinear process of the interaction process of the laser pulse and the high-energy electrons,
the theory and numerical simulation basis of the three-dimensional detection of the collision of the strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons are based on the acquisition of the full-time and full-space characteristics of the three-dimensional detection of the collision of the strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons programmed by Matlab.
2. The processing method for three-dimensional detection of collision between intense laser pulse and high-energy electron according to claim 1, wherein the method for obtaining theoretical and numerical simulation basis for three-dimensional detection of collision between intense laser pulse and high-energy electron comprises:
by utilizing the principle that the circularly polarized laser pulse accelerates electrons, a relativistic equation of electron motion and an equation of an electromagnetic theory of laser are accurately solved, and a full-space equation and an energy gain equation of a high-energy electron motion track are obtained.
3. The processing method for three-dimensional detection of collision between intense laser pulse and high-energy electron according to claim 1, wherein the method for obtaining theoretical and numerical simulation basis for three-dimensional detection of collision between intense laser pulse and high-energy electron comprises:
and (3) correctly solving Maxwell equations, Lagrangian equations, motion equations of full-time electrons, energy gain equations and full-space equations of the motion tracks of the high-energy electrons by applying a finite element method.
4. The processing method for three-dimensional stereo detection of collision between intense laser pulse and high-energy electron according to claim 1, wherein the nonlinear process of the interaction process of laser pulse and high-energy electron is processed by using Matlab three-dimensional programming simulation method to simulate the full-space motion trajectory of high-energy electron by tracking the motion of each electron in the electromagnetic field, comprising:
on the basis of theory, a single electron model is established, the influence of different laser beam waist radiuses and different electron initial speeds on the electron motion track in the process of collision of strong laser pulses and high-energy electrons,
by changing parameters of beam waist radius and electron initial velocity, a large number of electron motion track graphs and energy spectrum graphs are obtained, and the influence of the beam waist radius and the electron initial velocity on the electron motion track and energy generation is obtained by analyzing the graph change trend and parameters,
wherein the parameters include at least: radius of spiral motion, center point location, energy value.
5. The method for processing three-dimensional stereo detection of collision of intense laser pulses with high-energy electrons according to claim 1, comprising:
a three-dimensional relativity Matlab program is developed, a 9-point differential operator method is adopted to improve numerical value precision, and an approximate matrix factorization method is adopted to reduce storage capacity and calculation amount.
6. The method for processing three-dimensional stereo detection of collision of intense laser pulses with high-energy electrons according to claim 1, comprising:
through the obtained full-time and full-space characteristics of three-dimensional detection of the collision of the Matlab programming-based strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons, theoretical and numerical simulation bases are provided for the three-dimensional detection of the collision of the Matlab programming-based strong laser pulse and the high-energy electrons in full time and full space in experiments.
7. The method for processing three-dimensional stereo detection of collision of intense laser pulses with high-energy electrons according to claim 1, comprising:
and (3) respectively changing the waist radius of the laser beam and the electron initial velocity by adopting a control variable method to obtain a large number of electron motion track graphs.
8. The processing method of three-dimensional stereo detection of collision between intense laser pulse and high-energy electrons as claimed in claim 7, wherein when a control variable method is adopted to respectively change the waist radius of the laser beam and the initial velocity of electrons to obtain a large number of electron motion trajectory figures, the method further comprises:
under the same electron initial velocity condition, when the laser beam waist radius is larger than 15 and gradually increases, the electron motion track gradually tends to be stable.
9. The processing method of three-dimensional stereo detection of collision between intense laser pulse and high-energy electrons as claimed in claim 7, wherein when a control variable method is adopted to respectively change the waist radius of the laser beam and the initial velocity of electrons to obtain a large number of electron motion trajectory figures, the method further comprises:
when the electron initial velocity is opposite to the laser field direction, the electron motion track has small fluctuation and is more concentrated,
under the same condition of the waist radius of the laser beam, the following critical states are reached along with the increase of the initial velocity of the electron reversal:
when its own velocity uz0-0.80c, the start position and the end position of the electron helical movement coincide;
when its own velocity uz0When the value is-0.86 c, a single electron coupling phenomenon occurs;
when its own velocity uz0When the value is-0.90 c, the coupling phenomenon disappears, and the electrons always move along the initial speed direction;
where c is the speed of light.
10. The method for processing three-dimensional stereo detection of collision of intense laser pulses with high-energy electrons according to claim 1, comprising:
the beam waist radius of the laser pulse and the initial speed of the electrons are changed to control the motion track of the electrons.
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