CN112557843B - 一种xlpe电缆绝缘层水树老化程度的评估方法 - Google Patents

一种xlpe电缆绝缘层水树老化程度的评估方法 Download PDF

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CN112557843B
CN112557843B CN202011332675.8A CN202011332675A CN112557843B CN 112557843 B CN112557843 B CN 112557843B CN 202011332675 A CN202011332675 A CN 202011332675A CN 112557843 B CN112557843 B CN 112557843B
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周利军
刘聪
杨涵
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/12Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
    • G01R31/1227Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
    • G01R31/1263Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
    • G01R31/1272Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of cable, line or wire insulation, e.g. using partial discharge measurements
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    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • GPHYSICS
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    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/26Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
    • G01R27/2688Measuring quality factor or dielectric loss, e.g. loss angle, or power factor
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种XLPE电缆绝缘层水树老化程度的评估方法,包括以下步骤:用红外光谱仪测量吸光度、利用亚甲基蓝染色水树并在显微镜下通过网格计数法计算水树面积、计算电缆绝缘层材料水树系数;测试电缆直流电导率和介质损耗正切值、计算电缆绝缘层材料介电因子;通过水树系数和介电因子计算电缆绝缘层水树老化程度的表征因子、基于表征因子实现对电缆绝缘层水树老化程度的评估。本发明的有益效果在于:综合XLPE电缆绝缘层水树的非电气参数与电气参数,能够准确、高效地评估XLPE电缆绝缘层水树老化程度,为XLPE电缆绝缘层的水树检测提供技术支持,避免由水树老化引发的电缆故障,减少运维成本。

Description

一种XLPE电缆绝缘层水树老化程度的评估方法
技术领域
本发明属于电缆绝缘老化状态评估领域,具体涉及一种XLPE(交联聚乙烯)电缆绝缘层水树老化程度的评估方法。
背景技术
交联聚乙烯因具有良好的电气性能和热、机械性能,且安装维护方便、结构简单,被广泛用作电缆绝缘层中。XLPE电缆由于在生产过程或者缺陷点处引入水分,在电场作用下导致绝缘层材料内部出现水树,使得电缆内部电场集中,耐受能力降低,在一定条件下可转化为电树进而引发电缆故障,严重威胁各类电气设备的安全运行。
为了准确、有效、便捷地评估XLPE电缆绝缘层水树老化程度,减少电缆故障造成的经济损失,亟需一种对XLPE电缆绝缘层水树老化程度的评估方法,以便掌握运行电缆水树老化程度,避免电缆进一步劣化。
发明内容
本发明为一种XLPE电缆绝缘层水树老化程度的评估方法,用于对电缆内部绝缘层水树老化程度进行评估,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1:测量电缆样品的吸光度和水树面积
选取实际运行天数50、100、150、…、t,的电缆绝缘层材料为测试样品,t为运行时间,单位为天,t∈[50,50n],n取正整数;使用红外光谱仪测量吸光度,记为W1,W2,…,Wn;利用亚甲基蓝染色水树,在显微镜下观察并通过网格计数法计算水树面积,记为S1,S2,…,Sn,单位:μm2
步骤2:计算电缆绝缘层材料水树系数
水树系数α可通过如下公式(1)计算:
Figure BDA0002796260480000011
式中,W为待评估电缆的吸光度,S为待评估电缆的水树面积;
Figure BDA0002796260480000012
为测试电缆样品的平均吸光度,
Figure BDA0002796260480000013
为测试电缆样品的平均水树面积;i取值为从1到n;
步骤3:测量电缆样品的直流电导率和介质损耗正切值
对步骤1选取的电缆绝缘层材料测试样品在1kV下测量直流电导率,记为γ12,…,γn,在2kV下测量直流电导率,记为γ′1,γ′2,…,γ′n,单位:S/m;利用介损分析仪测试介质损耗正切值,记为tanδ1,tanδ2,…,tanδn
步骤4:计算电缆绝缘层材料介电因子
介电因子β可通过如下公式(2)计算:
Figure BDA0002796260480000021
式中,γ、γ′分别为待评估电缆在1kV、2kV电压下的电导率,tanδ为待评估电缆的介质损耗正切值;
Figure BDA0002796260480000022
分别为测试电缆样品在1kV、2kV下的平均直流电导率;
步骤5:计算电缆绝缘层水树老化程度的表征因子
水树老化程度表征因子μ可通过如下公式(3)计算:
Figure BDA0002796260480000023
式中,T为待评估电缆的实际运行时间,单位为天,T∈t;
步骤6:基于表征因子μ对XLPE电缆绝缘层水树老化程度进行评估。
本发明的有益效果在于:综合XLPE电缆绝缘层水树的非电气参数与电气参数,能够准确、高效地评估XLPE电缆绝缘层水树老化程度,为XLPE电缆绝缘层的水树检测提供技术支持,避免由水树老化引发的电缆故障,减少运维成本。
附图说明
图1为本评估方法流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施过程对本发明进行进一步说明。
图1为XLPE电缆绝缘层水树老化程度的评估方法流程图,由图1可知,一种XLPE电缆绝缘层水树老化程度评估方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:测量电缆样品的吸光度和水树面积
选取实际运行天数50、100、150、…、t,的电缆绝缘层材料为测试样品,t为运行时间,单位为天,t∈[50,50n],n取正整数;使用红外光谱仪测量吸光度,记为W1,W2,…,Wn;利用亚甲基蓝染色水树,在显微镜下观察并通过网格计数法近似估计水树面积,记为S1,S2,…,Sn,单位:μm2
步骤2:计算电缆绝缘层材料水树系数
水树系数α可通过如下公式(1)计算:
Figure BDA0002796260480000024
式中,W为待评估电缆的吸光度,S为待评估电缆的水树面积;
Figure BDA0002796260480000025
为测试电缆样品的平均吸光度,
Figure BDA0002796260480000031
为测试电缆样品的平均水树面积;i取值为从1到n;
步骤3:测量电缆样品的直流电导率和介质损耗正切值
对步骤1选取的电缆绝缘层材料测试样品在1kV下测量直流电导率,记为γ12,…,γn,在2kV下测量直流电导率,记为γ′1,γ′2,…,γ′n,单位:S/m;利用介损分析仪测试介质损耗正切值,记为tanδ1,tanδ2,…,tanδn
步骤4:计算电缆绝缘层材料介电因子
介电因子β可通过如下公式(2)计算:
Figure BDA0002796260480000032
式中,γ、γ′分别为待评估电缆在1kV、2kV电压下的电导率,tanδ为待评估电缆的介质损耗正切值;
Figure BDA0002796260480000033
分别为测试电缆样品在1kV、2kV下的平均直流电导率;
步骤5:计算电缆绝缘层水树老化程度的表征因子
水树老化程度表征因子μ可通过如下公式(3)计算:
Figure BDA0002796260480000034
式中,T为待评估电缆的实际运行时间,单位为天,T∈t;
步骤6:基于表征因子μ对XLPE电缆绝缘层水树老化程度进行评估
当0<μ≤1时,XLPE电缆绝缘层水树轻微老化;
当1<μ≤e时,XLPE电缆绝缘层水树中度老化;
当μ>e时,XLPE电缆绝缘层水树重度老化。

Claims (1)

1.一种XLPE电缆绝缘层水树老化程度的评估方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
步骤1:测量电缆样品的吸光度和水树面积
选取实际运行天数50、100、150、…、t,的电缆绝缘层材料为测试样品,t为运行时间,单位为天,t∈[50,50n],n取正整数;使用红外光谱仪测量吸光度,记为W1,W2,…,Wn;利用亚甲基蓝染色水树,在显微镜下观察并通过网格计数法计算水树面积,记为S1,S2,…,Sn,单位:μm2
步骤2:计算电缆绝缘层材料水树系数
水树系数α可通过如下公式(1)计算:
Figure FDA0002796260470000011
式中,W为待评估电缆的吸光度,S为待评估电缆的水树面积;
Figure FDA0002796260470000012
为测试电缆样品的平均吸光度,
Figure FDA0002796260470000013
为测试电缆样品的平均水树面积;i取值为从1到n;
步骤3:测量电缆样品的直流电导率和介质损耗正切值
对步骤1选取的电缆绝缘层材料测试样品在1kV下测量直流电导率,记为γ12,…,γn,在2kV下测量直流电导率,记为γ′1,γ′2,…,γ′n,单位:S/m;利用介损分析仪测试介质损耗正切值,记为tanδ1,tanδ2,…,tanδn
步骤4:计算电缆绝缘层材料介电因子
介电因子β可通过如下公式(2)计算:
Figure FDA0002796260470000014
式中,γ、γ′分别为待评估电缆在1kV、2kV电压下的电导率,tanδ为待评估电缆的介质损耗正切值;
Figure FDA0002796260470000016
分别为测试电缆样品在1kV、2kV下的平均直流电导率;
步骤5:计算电缆绝缘层水树老化程度的表征因子
水树老化程度表征因子μ可通过如下公式(3)计算:
Figure FDA0002796260470000015
式中,T为待评估电缆的实际运行时间,单位为天,T∈t;
步骤6:基于表征因子μ对XLPE电缆绝缘层水树老化程度进行评估。
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