CN112556735A - Absolute photoelectric encoder - Google Patents

Absolute photoelectric encoder Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112556735A
CN112556735A CN202110061841.3A CN202110061841A CN112556735A CN 112556735 A CN112556735 A CN 112556735A CN 202110061841 A CN202110061841 A CN 202110061841A CN 112556735 A CN112556735 A CN 112556735A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
processing unit
photoelectric encoder
code
absolute photoelectric
main body
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Pending
Application number
CN202110061841.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李荣平
杜向东
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Shanghai Complee Instrument Co ltd
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Shanghai Complee Instrument Co ltd
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Publication date
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Priority to CN202110061841.3A priority Critical patent/CN112556735A/en
Publication of CN112556735A publication Critical patent/CN112556735A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/347—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells using displacement encoding scales
    • G01D5/34707—Scales; Discs, e.g. fixation, fabrication, compensation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/347—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells using displacement encoding scales
    • G01D5/3473—Circular or rotary encoders

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optical Transform (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an absolute photoelectric encoder which comprises an encoder main shaft, a main body base, an operational amplifier, a processing unit, a photosensitive element array, a coded disc, a light-emitting diode, a memory and an output interface circuit, wherein the main body base is provided with a plurality of light-emitting diodes; the encoder main shaft is connected with the main body base through a bearing and is connected with the coded disc; the coded disc is arranged above the light-emitting diode, and three code channels are arranged on the coded disc; the light emitting diode is arranged on the main body base, and the photosensitive element array is respectively connected with the operational amplifier and the processing unit; the operational amplifier is connected with the processing unit; the memory is connected with the processing unit; the output interface circuit is connected with the processing unit; the invention adopts a new coding principle, greatly reduces the code channel number on the code disc, and effectively reduces the size of the code disc, thereby realizing the reduction of the size of the absolute photoelectric encoder, and improving the angle measurement precision, stability, reliability and service life of the absolute photoelectric encoder.

Description

Absolute photoelectric encoder
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electricity, in particular to a photoelectric measurement technology, and particularly relates to an absolute photoelectric encoder.
Background
The photoelectric encoder is a photoelectric sensor for measuring angular displacement and is divided into an absolute value and an incremental type according to different methods for forming an angle code; the absolute photoelectric encoder is called, wherein at any position in the full-range, each angle information output by the grating encoder and the corresponding angle are in a single-value function relationship; the absolute photoelectric encoder is powered on after being started or powered off, an angle value can be output without passing through a grating zero position, the anti-interference performance is high, and the absolute photoelectric encoder adopts a code disc called a code disc in order to form an absolute angle code.
The existing conventional code wheel generally adopts a natural binary system or a cyclic binary system (Gray) coding principle, the higher the precision and the resolution, the more code channels which need to be engraved, and a coder with about 20 bits, the number of the code channels is also close to 20, so that the radial size of the code wheel is large, the photoelectric signals of the code channels have strict requirements, the adjustment is needed, the number of used potentiometers is large, the volume is large, the adjustment is time-consuming, and the reliability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide an absolute photoelectric encoder, which is used to solve the problems of the prior absolute photoelectric encoder that the number of code channels is large and the size of the code disc is large.
To achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides an absolute type photoelectric encoder, comprising: the encoder comprises an encoder main shaft, a main body base, an operational amplifier, a processing unit, a photosensitive element array, a coded disc, a light-emitting diode, a memory and an output interface circuit; the encoder main shaft is connected with the main body base through a bearing and is connected with the coded disc; the coded disc is arranged above the light emitting diode, and three code channels are arranged on the coded disc; the three code channels jointly form a cursor code; the light emitting diode is arranged on the main body base and used for emitting parallel light, so that the parallel light vertically irradiates on the code disc and is incident on the photosensitive element array; the photosensitive element array is respectively connected with the operational amplifier and the processing unit; the operational amplifier is connected with the processing unit; the memory is connected with the processing unit; the output interface circuit is connected with the processing unit.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes: a connecting member; the connecting piece is arranged on the main body base and used for connecting the main body base with a workpiece to be measured.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the encoder spindle is connected to the spindle of the workpiece to be measured by using a through hole or a blind hole.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the connecting member is a tension ring or an elastic connecting member.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the photosensitive element array includes: three light sensitive windows; the three photosensitive windows are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the three code channels.
In an embodiment of the invention, the memory is connected to the processing unit through an I2C bus, and the memory is an eeprom.
In an embodiment of the invention, the baud rate of the output interface circuit is 2500000.
In an embodiment of the invention, the processing unit is a chip.
As described above, the absolute photoelectric encoder according to the present invention has the following advantageous effects:
(1) compared with the prior art, the invention adopts a new coding principle, greatly reduces the code channel number on the code disc, and effectively reduces the size of the code disc, thereby realizing the reduction of the size of the absolute photoelectric encoder, and improving the angle measurement precision, stability, reliability and service life of the absolute photoelectric encoder.
(2) The invention realizes the fixed connection with the workpiece to be measured by utilizing the tensioning ring or the elastic connecting piece, so that the mounting and dismounting operations of the absolute photoelectric encoder are more convenient, thereby realizing the reduction of the workload of operators; the main shaft is installed through the through hole or the blind hole, so that the absolute photoelectric encoder is more suitable for different workpieces to be measured, and the general performance of the absolute photoelectric encoder is enhanced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a signal flow chart of an absolute photoelectric encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2A to 2B are schematic overall structural diagrams of an absolute photoelectric encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3A is a top view of the absolute photoelectric encoder of the present invention corresponding to FIG. 2A in an embodiment.
FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of the absolute photoelectric encoder of the present invention corresponding to the FIG. 3A in an embodiment.
FIG. 4A is a top view of the absolute photoelectric encoder of the present invention corresponding to FIG. 2B in an embodiment.
FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view of the absolute photoelectric encoder of the present invention corresponding to the cross-sectional view of FIG. 4A in an embodiment.
Description of the reference symbols
1-an encoder spindle; 2-a body base; 3-an operational amplifier; 4-a processing unit; 5-an array of photosensitive elements; 6-code disc; 7-a light emitting diode; 8-a memory; 9-an output interface circuit; 10-a bearing; 11-connecting piece.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided by way of specific examples, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the drawings only show the components related to the present invention rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, number and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be changed arbitrarily, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
Compared with the prior art, the absolute photoelectric encoder adopts a new encoding principle, greatly reduces the number of code channels on a code disc, and effectively reduces the size of the code disc, thereby realizing the reduction of the size of the absolute photoelectric encoder, improving the angle measurement precision, stability, reliability and service life of the absolute photoelectric encoder; the invention realizes the fixed connection with the workpiece to be measured by utilizing the tensioning ring or the elastic connecting piece, so that the mounting and dismounting operations of the absolute photoelectric encoder are more convenient, thereby realizing the reduction of the workload of operators; the main shaft is installed through the through hole or the blind hole, so that the absolute photoelectric encoder is more suitable for different workpieces to be measured, and the general performance of the absolute photoelectric encoder is enhanced.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, in one embodiment, the absolute photoelectric encoder of the present invention includes an encoder spindle 1, a main body base 2, an operational amplifier 3, a processing unit 4, a photosensor array 5, a code wheel 6, a light emitting diode 7 (LED), a memory 8, and an output interface circuit 9.
In one embodiment, the processing unit 4 is a chip.
Specifically, the encoder main shaft 1 is movably connected with the main body base 2 through a bearing 10, and the encoder main shaft 1 is fixedly connected with the code wheel 6; the coded disc 6 is arranged above the light emitting diode 7, and three code channels, namely an N code channel, an M code channel and an S code channel, are arranged on the coded disc 6; the light emitting diode 7 is mounted on the main body base 2 and is used for emitting parallel light, so that the parallel light vertically irradiates on the code disc 6 and is incident on the photosensitive element array 5; the photosensitive element array 5 is respectively connected with the operational amplifier 3 and the processing unit 4; the operational amplifier 3 is connected with the processing unit 4; the memory 8 is connected with the processing unit 4; the output interface circuit 9 is connected to the processing unit 4.
Preferably, the encoder spindle 1 is fixedly connected with the code wheel 6 by gluing; of course, the fixed connection between the encoder spindle 1 and the code wheel 6 is not limited to the manner of gluing.
In an embodiment, the code wheel 6 is installed right above the light emitting diode 7, so that parallel light emitted by the light emitting diode 7 can be ensured to irradiate the code wheel 6 as much as possible, and the measurement accuracy of the absolute photoelectric encoder is improved.
It should be noted that the infrared parallel light emitted by the light emitting diode 7 irradiates the code wheel 6, and is encoded by the code wheel 6 to generate an encoded light signal.
Note that the code wheel 6 is a glass code wheel with codes.
Further, the three code channels jointly form a cursor code; specifically, the cursor code is composed of an N code channel, an M code channel and an S code channel, and the three code channels have phase differences.
It should be noted that the code wheel is a full circle structure, and the N code channel, the M code channel and the S code channel divide the full circle structure into 29=512 parts, each of the 512 parts is a complete sine-cosine waveform, and each sine-cosine waveform is subdivided into 212=4096 parts, thus there are 29×212=221An angular position.
In one embodiment, a connecting member 11 is further included.
Specifically, the connecting member 11 is mounted on the main body base 2, and is used for connecting the main body base 2 with a workpiece to be measured.
In one embodiment, the connecting member 11 is, but not limited to, a tension ring or an elastic connecting member.
It should be noted that, the fixed connection between the absolute photoelectric encoder and the workpiece to be measured is realized through the connecting member 11, so that the installation and the disassembly operations of the absolute photoelectric encoder on the workpiece to be measured are more convenient, and the workload of the operator can be reduced.
In one embodiment, the encoder spindle 1 is connected to the spindle of the workpiece to be measured by using a through hole or a blind hole.
It should be noted that, when the straight-through hole connection is adopted, the extension part of the encoder main shaft 1 is longer, and when the blind hole connection is adopted, the extension part of the encoder main shaft 1 is shorter, and the fixing modes of the main shaft for fixing the encoder main shaft 1 and the workpiece to be measured are different.
It should be noted that the connection between the encoder spindle 1 and the spindle of the workpiece to be measured is realized by adopting a through hole or a blind hole, which facilitates the installation operation between the two spindles on one hand; on the other hand, the absolute photoelectric encoder can be suitable for being installed on different workpieces to be measured, so that the universality of the absolute photoelectric encoder is enhanced.
In one embodiment, the photosensor array 5 includes three photosensitive windows.
Specifically, the three photosensitive windows are an N photosensitive window, an M photosensitive window and an S photosensitive window, and the N photosensitive window, the M photosensitive window and the S photosensitive window are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the N code channel, the M code channel and the S code channel.
It should be noted that the photosensor array 5 is used to collect the optical signal encoded by the code wheel 6, and three photosensor windows thereof are responsible for converting the photoelectric signal and outputting an analog signal.
Furthermore, a part of the analog signals output by the photosensor array 5 is sent to the operational amplifier 3, and the other part is sent to the processing unit 4; the processing unit 4 performs an operation process on the signal differentially amplified by the operational amplifier 3 and the signal sent to the processing unit by the photosensor array 5, and finally sends the result generated after the operation process to the memory 8 for storage, and outputs the result generated after the operation process through the output interface circuit 9.
The processing unit 4 performs an operation on the signal differentially amplified by the operational amplifier 3 and the signal sent to the processing unit by the photosensor array 5, specifically, collects cursor code data by AD, and performs angle comparison and analysis.
It should be noted that the result of this processing is an angle value with high accuracy.
In one embodiment, the Memory 8 is connected to the processing unit 4 through an I2C bus, and the Memory 8 is an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM).
It should be noted that the I2C bus is a simple, bi-directional two-wire synchronous serial bus developed by Philips. It only requires two wires to transmit information between devices connected to the bus; in hardware, the I2C bus only needs two lines of a data line (SDA) and a clock signal line (SCL), a bus interface is integrated in a chip, a special interface circuit is not needed, and a filter of the on-chip interface circuit can filter burrs on bus data, so that the I2C bus simplifies the wiring of a hardware circuit PCB, reduces the system cost and improves the system reliability; in addition, because the I2C chip has no connection with the system except for the two lines and a few interrupted lines, the I2C commonly used by users can be easily standardized and modularized, and is convenient to recycle.
It should be noted that the EEPROM is a semiconductor memory device that can be repeatedly rewritten electronically, and compared to the EPROM, the EEPROM does not need to be irradiated with ultraviolet rays and removed, and information on a chip can be erased by a specific voltage so as to write new data.
In one embodiment, the baud rate of the output interface circuit 9 is 2500000.
It should be noted that the output interface circuit 9 is a conventional technical means in the field, and the specific circuit structure and connection relationship thereof are not used as conditions for limiting the present invention, and therefore, detailed descriptions thereof are omitted here.
It should be noted that, compared with the existing absolute photoelectric encoder, the absolute photoelectric encoder of the present invention only needs three code channels during the manufacturing process, which is much less than the existing absolute photoelectric encoder with more than 20 code channels, and the relative code disc diameter can be better, and the production is easier; meanwhile, the photosensitive windows of the corresponding photosensitive element arrays are also reduced, so that the code wheel and the photosensitive element arrays are easier to align.
Furthermore, compared with the existing absolute photoelectric encoder, the absolute photoelectric encoder of the invention improves the measurement precision, the working stability, the reliability and the service life; the effect of improving the precision is achieved by mutual correction between code channels.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the absolute photoelectric encoder adopts a new encoding principle, so that the number of code channels on a code disc is greatly reduced, and the size of the code disc is effectively reduced, thereby reducing the size of the absolute photoelectric encoder, improving the angle measurement precision, stability, reliability and service life of the absolute photoelectric encoder; the invention realizes the fixed connection with the workpiece to be measured by utilizing the tensioning ring or the elastic connecting piece, so that the mounting and dismounting operations of the absolute photoelectric encoder are more convenient, thereby realizing the reduction of the workload of operators; the main shaft is installed through the through hole or the blind hole, so that the absolute photoelectric encoder is more suitable for different workpieces to be tested, and the general performance of the absolute photoelectric encoder is enhanced; therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. An absolute photoelectric encoder, comprising: the encoder comprises an encoder main shaft, a main body base, an operational amplifier, a processing unit, a photosensitive element array, a coded disc, a light-emitting diode, a memory and an output interface circuit;
the encoder main shaft is connected with the main body base through a bearing and is connected with the coded disc;
the coded disc is arranged above the light emitting diode, and three code channels are arranged on the coded disc; three of
The code channels jointly form a cursor code;
the light emitting diode is mounted on the main body base and used for emitting parallel light to enable the parallel light to vertically irradiate
Impinging on the code wheel and onto the array of photosensitive elements;
the photosensitive element array is respectively connected with the operational amplifier and the processing unit;
the operational amplifier is connected with the processing unit;
the memory is connected with the processing unit;
the output interface circuit is connected with the processing unit.
2. The absolute-type photoelectric encoder according to claim 1, further comprising: a connecting member;
the connecting piece is arranged on the main body base and used for connecting the main body base with a workpiece to be measured.
3. The absolute photoelectric encoder according to claim 2, wherein the encoder spindle is connected to the spindle of the workpiece to be measured by a through hole or a blind hole.
4. The absolute photoelectric encoder according to claim 2, wherein the coupling member is a tension ring or an elastic coupling member.
5. The absolute photoelectric encoder according to claim 1, wherein the photosensor array includes: three light sensitive windows;
the three photosensitive windows are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the three code channels.
6. The absolute photoelectric encoder according to claim 1, wherein the memory is connected to the processing unit via an I2C bus, and the memory is an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory.
7. The absolute photoelectric encoder of claim 1, wherein the baud rate of the output interface circuit is 2500000.
8. The absolute photoelectric encoder according to claim 1, wherein the processing unit employs a chip.
CN202110061841.3A 2021-01-18 2021-01-18 Absolute photoelectric encoder Pending CN112556735A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110061841.3A CN112556735A (en) 2021-01-18 2021-01-18 Absolute photoelectric encoder

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110061841.3A CN112556735A (en) 2021-01-18 2021-01-18 Absolute photoelectric encoder

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN112556735A true CN112556735A (en) 2021-03-26

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113865516A (en) * 2021-08-17 2021-12-31 中国北方车辆研究所 Method for measuring load pointing angle of vehicle-mounted turntable
CN114111854A (en) * 2021-11-29 2022-03-01 长春理工大学 Novel photoelectric encoder
CN117007088A (en) * 2023-10-07 2023-11-07 深圳市盛泰奇科技有限公司 Encoder for rotary motion unit structure

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113865516A (en) * 2021-08-17 2021-12-31 中国北方车辆研究所 Method for measuring load pointing angle of vehicle-mounted turntable
CN113865516B (en) * 2021-08-17 2023-10-27 中国北方车辆研究所 Method for measuring load pointing angle of vehicle-mounted turntable
CN114111854A (en) * 2021-11-29 2022-03-01 长春理工大学 Novel photoelectric encoder
CN114111854B (en) * 2021-11-29 2023-07-25 长春理工大学 Photoelectric encoder
CN117007088A (en) * 2023-10-07 2023-11-07 深圳市盛泰奇科技有限公司 Encoder for rotary motion unit structure
CN117007088B (en) * 2023-10-07 2023-12-22 深圳市盛泰奇科技有限公司 Encoder for rotary motion unit structure

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