CN112555114A - Electromagnetic combined vector accelerating spray pipe for laser ablation propulsion - Google Patents
Electromagnetic combined vector accelerating spray pipe for laser ablation propulsion Download PDFInfo
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- CN112555114A CN112555114A CN202011390299.8A CN202011390299A CN112555114A CN 112555114 A CN112555114 A CN 112555114A CN 202011390299 A CN202011390299 A CN 202011390299A CN 112555114 A CN112555114 A CN 112555114A
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- vectoring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H—PRODUCING A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H1/00—Using plasma to produce a reactive propulsive thrust
- F03H1/0081—Electromagnetic plasma thrusters
Abstract
The invention discloses an electromagnetic combined vector accelerating spray pipe for laser ablation propulsion, which comprises a front annular electrode, a tail annular electrode, a three-section vector spray pipe and a coil, wherein the front annular electrode is connected with the tail annular electrode through the three-section vector spray pipe; the three-section type vectoring nozzle comprises a vectoring nozzle front part, a vectoring nozzle middle part, a vectoring nozzle tail part, a first driving device and a second driving device; anterior annular electrode and afterbody annular electrode are installed respectively in the entry and the export of syllogic thrust vectoring nozzle, be used for electric field realization ion between two annular electrodes with higher speed, circular telegram and then produce magnetic field through the coil and restrain plasma, make it move along the direction of spray tube, further improve laser ablation propulsive specific impulse and propulsion efficiency, through the thrust vectoring nozzle front portion, the thrust vectoring nozzle middle part, thrust vectoring nozzle afterbody and driving motor mutually support, change the spout direction of thrust vectoring nozzle, realize the vector control of thrust, thereby the structure of receiving satellite propulsion system is reduced a little, propulsion system weight has been alleviateed, the payload of receiving the satellite a little has been increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a laser ablation propulsion technology and an electromagnetic coupling action technology, in particular to an electromagnetic combined vector acceleration spray pipe for laser ablation propulsion.
Background
In recent years, due to the characteristics of small size, low cost, fast technology updating, good mobility and the like, the micro-nano satellite is widely applied to the fields of satellite communication, navigation and the like, gradually becomes a hotspot of space technology research, and becomes one of the main fields of future development of satellites. However, the current micro-nano satellite lacks a reliable and efficient propulsion system for precise control and long-term deployment of the satellite, and is a great obstacle for further application of a new technology. The micro-propulsion system is used for adjusting the attitude and keeping the track to require smaller thrust and has higher precision; meanwhile, the characteristics of small volume, light weight and low power consumption on the microsatellite are also required.
Laser ablation propulsion can well meet the requirements of the propulsion system. The laser ablation propulsion is that high-power-density laser is used to irradiate working medium and ionize the working medium to generate high-temperature plasma jet phenomenon, so as to obtain reaction impulse and thrust. The impulse can be controlled at the minimum value of 10 according to different laser parameters and working medium types-4～10-9The Ns order of magnitude and the minimum thrust can reach 10-7～10-4Of the order of N.
The laser propulsion technology is rapidly developed in recent years, but the specific impulse, impulse coupling coefficient, propulsion efficiency and the like still have a large promotion space. Earlier studies have shown that adding a restrictive nozzle to the jet produced by ablation can increase the specific impulse and thrust to some extent, but additional problems arise with the addition of a nozzle. For example, plasma jet is in a diffused shape when being ejected from the surface of a working medium, the ejection speed of the plasma jet can reach 1-6 km, high-speed plasma is ejected out of a spray pipe, ions with a large ejection angle easily impact the wall surface of the spray pipe by taking the horizontal direction of the spray pipe as a reference, on one hand, energy waste is caused, the propulsion efficiency is reduced, and on the other hand, the high-speed ions easily corrode the spray pipe and damage a thruster. In addition, in order to realize accurate control of the attitude of the micro-nano satellite, at least three groups of propulsion systems are needed on one satellite, so that more space is wasted, and the effective load of the micro-nano satellite is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to reduce the number of nozzles of a micro-nano satellite laser ablation propulsion system, simplify the complexity of the micro-nano satellite laser ablation propulsion system, reduce the weight of the micro-nano satellite laser ablation propulsion system and increase the effective load of a micro-nano satellite. Furthermore, the invention also aims to realize the accurate control of the attitude of the micro-nano satellite and reduce the power consumption.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an electromagnetic combined vector accelerating spray pipe for laser ablation propulsion, which comprises a front annular electrode, a tail annular electrode, a three-section vector spray pipe and a coil, wherein the front annular electrode is connected with the tail annular electrode through the three-section vector spray pipe; the three-section type vectoring nozzle comprises a vectoring nozzle front part, a vectoring nozzle middle part, a vectoring nozzle tail part, a first driving device and a second driving device; the front annular electrode and the tail annular electrode are respectively arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the three-section type vectoring nozzle and used for generating an accelerating electric field between the two annular electrodes to realize secondary acceleration of ions; the coil is arranged at the front part of the vectoring nozzle, the middle part of the vectoring nozzle and the outside of the tail part of the vectoring nozzle, and after the coil is electrified, a confinement magnetic field is generated to confine plasma, so that the plasma moves along the axial direction of the vectoring nozzle; the outlet at the front part of the vectoring nozzle is provided with a front connecting ring which is used for being rotatably connected with a first middle connecting ring at the middle part of the inlet at the middle part of the vectoring nozzle; the outlet in the middle of the vectoring nozzle is provided with a second middle connecting ring which is used for being rotatably connected with a tail connecting ring at the tail inlet of the vectoring nozzle; the first driving device is used for driving the middle part of the vectoring nozzle and the tail part of the vectoring nozzle to integrally rotate, the second driving device (340) is used for driving the tail part of the vectoring nozzle to rotate, and the first driving device and the second driving device are matched with each other to realize that the vectoring nozzle (350) can deflect within 90 degrees in one circumferential direction.
Furthermore, the first driving device comprises a first base, a first motor and a first driving gear, the first base is fixed on the front part of the vectoring nozzle and used for mounting the first motor, the first driving gear is mounted on an output shaft of the first motor, and the first driving gear is meshed with a driven gear outside the first connecting ring in the middle part to drive the middle part of the vectoring nozzle and the tail part of the vectoring nozzle to integrally rotate; the second driving device comprises a second base, a second motor and a second driving gear; the second base is fixed on the middle part of the vectoring nozzle and used for mounting a second motor, a second driving gear is mounted on an output shaft of the second motor, and the second driving gear is meshed with a driven gear outside the tail connecting ring to drive the tail part of the vectoring nozzle to rotate.
Furthermore, the first motor and the second motor adopt stepping motors, and the angle of the spray pipe can be finely adjusted according to actual angle requirements.
Furthermore, the front part of the vectoring nozzle and the middle part of the vectoring nozzle, and the middle part of the vectoring nozzle and the tail part of the vectoring nozzle are connected by adopting a tenon structure or a bearing.
Furthermore, one of the modes of adopting the tenon structure for connection is to adopt a T-shaped and U-shaped rolling ball clamping groove structure for connection, and the rolling balls are uniformly arranged between the T-shaped and U-shaped clamping grooves.
Furthermore, the front part of the vectoring nozzle, the middle part of the vectoring nozzle and the tail part of the vectoring nozzle are made of insulating ceramic materials, the wall thickness is 1mm, the diameters of three sections of nozzles are all 4mm, the total length of the vectoring nozzle is 15mm, the central sections of the front part of the vectoring nozzle and the tail part of the vectoring nozzle are in a right trapezoid shape, the length of a long side is 6mm, the length of a short side is 4mm, the center of the middle part of the vectoring nozzle is in an equilateral trapezoid shape, the length of.
Furthermore, the front annular electrode and the tail annular electrode are the same in size, the thickness of the front annular electrode and the tail annular electrode is 0.5mm, and the width of the annular electrode is 4 mm.
Further, the voltage on the front ring electrode is 4V, and the potential on the tail ring electrode is 0V.
Furthermore, the coil is a flexible electrified coil, is wound on the front part of the vectoring nozzle, the middle part of the vectoring nozzle and the tail part of the vectoring nozzle, and can adjust the size of a generated magnetic field by adjusting the size of the electrified current.
Furthermore, three sections of coils arranged outside the front part of the vectoring nozzle, the middle part of the vectoring nozzle and the tail part of the vectoring nozzle are respectively connected with a power supply.
Advantageous effects
The electromagnetic combined vector acceleration spray pipe for laser ablation propulsion performs secondary acceleration on high-speed plasma through an electrostatic field, increases the thrust of laser ablation propulsion, and increases the specific impulse; secondly, the high-speed plasma is restrained by the magnetic field generated by the electrified coil, so that the high-speed plasma which is generated after laser ablation and is sprayed to the periphery can be restrained inside the vector acceleration spray pipe, the spray pipe wall cannot be impacted and is deposited on the spray pipe wall, the utilization rate of energy is improved, and the propelling efficiency is improved; rotation of a nozzle of the vectoring nozzle in a three-dimensional direction within a 90-degree range can be achieved, the thrust direction can be changed randomly according to requirements, vector control of thrust is achieved, and therefore attitude control of the micro-nano satellite is more accurate, and orbital transformation is more flexible. In general, the application of the vector acceleration spray pipe can reduce the number of thrusters in the micro-nano satellite, simplify the structure of the micro-nano satellite and increase the effective load of the micro-nano satellite.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the vectoring acceleration nozzle of the present invention (no deflection occurring);
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the vectoring acceleration nozzle of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the vectoring acceleration nozzle A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a three-segment connection in an embodiment of the vectoring acceleration nozzle of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the vectoring acceleration nozzle of the present invention deflected 60;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the vectoring acceleration nozzle of the present invention deflected 90;
FIG. 7 is a graph of simulation results of electric field acceleration and magnetic field confinement in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cloud of electric field distributions when the vectoring acceleration nozzle of the present invention is deflected 90.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the invention relates to an electromagnetic combined vector accelerating nozzle for laser ablation propulsion, which comprises a front annular electrode 1, a tail annular electrode 2, a three-section vector nozzle 3 and a coil 4; wherein, the three-section vectoring nozzle 3 comprises a vectoring nozzle front 310, a vectoring nozzle middle 320, a vectoring nozzle tail 330, a first drive device 340 and a second drive device 350; the front annular electrode 1 and the tail annular electrode 2 are respectively arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the three-section type vectoring nozzle 3 and used for generating an electric field between the two annular electrodes to realize secondary acceleration of ions; the coil 4 is arranged outside the front part 310 of the vectoring nozzle, the middle part 320 of the vectoring nozzle and the tail part 330 of the vectoring nozzle, and the coil 4 generates a magnetic field to restrain plasma after being electrified so that the plasma moves along the axial direction of the vectoring nozzle and the specific impulse and the propelling efficiency of laser ablation propelling are further improved; the outlet of the forward portion 310 of the vectoring nozzle has a forward coupling ring 311 for rotatable coupling with a central first coupling ring 321 of the inlet of the central portion 320 of the vectoring nozzle; the outlet of the intermediate portion 320 of the vectoring nozzle has an intermediate second coupling ring 322 for rotatable connection with an aft coupling ring 331 at the inlet of the aft portion 330 of the vectoring nozzle; a first drive 340 is configured to drive the vectoring nozzle middle 320 and vectoring nozzle aft 330 to rotate as a unit, and a second drive 340 is configured to drive the vectoring nozzle aft 330 to rotate. As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the nozzle direction of the vectoring nozzle 3 is changed by the front part 310 of the vectoring nozzle, the middle part 320 of the vectoring nozzle and the tail part 330 of the vectoring nozzle under the driving of the first driving device 340 and the second driving device 350, so that the vector control of the thrust is realized, the structure of the micro-nano satellite propulsion system is simplified, the weight of the propulsion system is reduced, and the effective load of the micro-nano satellite is increased.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in an embodiment of the present invention, the first driving device 340 includes a first base 341, a first motor 342, and a first driving gear 343, the first base 341 is fixed on the front portion 310 of the vectoring nozzle for mounting the first motor 342, the first driving gear 343 is mounted on an output shaft of the first motor 342, and the first driving gear 343 is engaged with the driven gear 322 outside the middle first connecting ring 321 to drive the middle portion 320 of the vectoring nozzle and the rear portion 330 of the vectoring nozzle to integrally rotate. In the same manner, the second driving device 350 includes a second base 351, a second motor 352, and a second driving gear 353; a second base 351 is secured to the vectoring nozzle middle portion 320 for mounting a second motor 352, a second drive gear 353 is mounted to an output shaft of the second motor 352, and the second drive gear 353 is engaged with a driven gear 332 external to the aft coupling ring 331 to rotate the vectoring nozzle aft portion 330. The first drive 340 and the second drive 350 cooperate with one another to enable a 90 ° deflection of the vectoring nozzle 3 in one circumferential direction.
The motor of the vectoring nozzle 3 can adopt a stepping motor, and the angle of the nozzle can be finely adjusted according to the actual angle requirement.
Further, a position 360 between the front portion 310 of the vectoring nozzle and the middle portion 320 of the vectoring nozzle, and a position 370 between the middle portion 320 of the vectoring nozzle and the tail portion 330 of the vectoring nozzle are connected by a tenon structure, or connected by a bearing, and a specific embodiment of the connection by the tenon structure is shown in fig. 3 and 4, fig. 3 and 4 show a partial enlarged view of a connection portion of a T-shaped ball clamping groove and a U-shaped ball clamping groove structure in the specific embodiment of the invention, and the T-shaped clamping groove 361(371) is matched with the U-shaped clamping groove 362(372) to realize the connection between the three sections of the vectoring acceleration nozzle. 18 balls 363(373) are uniformly arranged between the T-shaped clamping groove and the U-shaped clamping groove, so that the friction force is reduced when relative motion occurs between the sections, and the deflection of the spray pipe is more flexible. When the T-shaped and U-shaped rolling ball clamping groove structures are connected, the front part, the middle part and the tail part of the vectoring nozzle 3 are respectively processed according to two symmetrical parts along the axial section, then the T-shaped clamping groove and the rolling balls of the connected parts are assembled into the U-shaped clamping groove, so that two symmetrical parts along the axial section of the vectoring pipe 3 are obtained, and then the two parts are welded or bonded to obtain the integral mechanism of the vectoring pipe.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the vectoring acceleration nozzle is made of an insulating ceramic material, the wall thickness is 1mm, the diameters of three nozzle sections are all 4mm, the total length of the vectoring nozzle is 15mm, the central sections of the front part 310 and the tail part 330 of the vectoring nozzle are right-angled trapezoids, the length of a long side is 6mm, the length of a short side is 4mm, the center of the middle part 320 of the vectoring nozzle is an equilateral trapezoid, wherein the length of the long side is 7mm, and the length of the short side is 3 mm. Further, the accelerating electric field of the vector accelerating nozzle is generated by a front annular electrode 1 and a tail annular electrode 2, the accelerating electric field and the tail annular electrode are the same in size, the inner diameter of the accelerating electric field is equal to the diameter of the nozzle, the thickness of the accelerating electric field is 0.5mm, and the width of the annular electrode is 4mm, namely the difference between the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the annular electrode.
The two electrodes are similar to capacitors, and constant voltage is applied to the two polar plates, wherein the voltage on the front annular electrode 1 is 4V, and the potential on the tail annular electrode 2 is 0V. Assuming that ions with the charge amount of +1 enter the nozzle at the initial speed of 3.35km/s, after the nozzle is accelerated by a vector deflected by 45 degrees, the speed can reach 5.32km/s, the speed is improved by 58.8 percent, and the time for the ions to pass through the nozzle is about 4 mu s, and the simulation calculation result is shown in FIG. 7.
The restraining magnetic field of the vector accelerating nozzle is generated by a coil 4, and in the specific embodiment of the invention, the coil can be a rigid electrified coil or a flexible electrified coil. The coil is respectively wound on the front part, the middle part and the tail part of the vectoring nozzle in three sections, the diameter of the coil is 0.5mm, and the size of a generated magnetic field can be adjusted by adjusting the sizes of different currents. The three sections of coils can be connected with a power supply after being connected in series, and can also be respectively connected with the power supply, and the influence of the motion of the vector spray pipe is not considered when the vector spray pipe is wound. When current is introduced to generate a 3T magnetic field, when the ions entering the vectoring acceleration nozzle have an initial velocity in the vertical direction of 1.5km/s, the generated magnetic field can well restrict the ions, the ions can be found to be restricted in the magnetic field to move forwards in a rotating manner, and the simulation calculation result is shown in fig. 8.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the principle of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An electromagnetic combined vector accelerating nozzle for laser ablation propulsion, which is characterized by comprising,
the device comprises a front annular electrode (1), a tail annular electrode (2), a three-section type vectoring nozzle (3) and a coil (4); the three-section type vectoring nozzle (3) comprises a vectoring nozzle front part (310), a vectoring nozzle middle part (320), a vectoring nozzle tail part (330), a first driving device (340) and a second driving device (350); the front annular electrode (1) and the tail annular electrode (2) are respectively arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the three-section type vectoring nozzle (3) and used for generating an accelerating electric field between the two annular electrodes to realize secondary acceleration of ions; the outside of the front part (310) of the vectoring nozzle, the middle part (320) of the vectoring nozzle and the tail part (330) of the vectoring nozzle is provided with a coil (4), and the coil (4) generates a confinement magnetic field to confine plasma after being electrified so as to enable the plasma to move along the axial direction of the vectoring nozzle; the outlet of the front part (310) of the vectoring nozzle is provided with a front connecting ring (311) which is used for being rotatably connected with a middle first connecting ring (321) of the inlet of the middle part (320) of the vectoring nozzle; the outlet of the middle part (320) of the vectoring nozzle is provided with a second middle connecting ring (322) which is used for being rotatably connected with a tail connecting ring (331) of the inlet of the tail part (330) of the vectoring nozzle; the first driving device (340) is used for driving the middle part (320) of the vectoring nozzle and the tail part (330) of the vectoring nozzle to integrally rotate, the second driving device (340) is used for driving the tail part (330) of the vectoring nozzle to rotate, and the first driving device (340) and the second driving device (350) are matched with each other to realize that the vectoring nozzle (350) can deflect within 90 degrees in one circumferential direction.
2. The electromagnetic compound vectoring nozzle of claim 1 wherein,
the first driving device (340) comprises a first base (341), a first motor (342) and a first driving gear (343), the first base (341) is fixed on the front part (310) of the vectoring nozzle and used for mounting the first motor (342), the first driving gear (343) is mounted on an output shaft of the first motor (342), and the first driving gear (343) is meshed with a driven gear (322) outside the first connecting ring (321) in the middle part to drive the middle part (320) of the vectoring nozzle and the tail part (330) of the vectoring nozzle to integrally rotate;
the second driving device (350) comprises a second base (351), a second motor (352) and a second driving gear (353); the second base (351) is fixed on the middle part (320) of the vectoring nozzle and used for mounting a second motor (352), a second driving gear (353) is mounted on an output shaft of the second motor (352), and the second driving gear (353) is meshed with a driven gear (332) outside the tail connecting ring (331) to drive the tail part (330) of the vectoring nozzle to rotate.
3. The electromagnetic compound vectoring nozzle of claim 2 wherein,
the first motor (342) and the second motor (352) adopt stepping motors, and the angle of the spray pipe can be finely adjusted according to the actual angle requirement.
4. The electromagnetic compound vectoring nozzle of claims 1-3 wherein,
the vectoring nozzle front (310) and vectoring nozzle middle (320) and vectoring nozzle aft (330) are connected using a dovetail configuration or bearings.
5. The electromagnetic compound vectoring nozzle of claim 4 wherein,
one of the modes of adopting the tenon structure for connection is to adopt a T-shaped rolling ball clamping groove structure and a U-shaped rolling ball clamping groove structure for connection, and the rolling balls are uniformly arranged between the T-shaped clamping groove and the U-shaped clamping groove.
6. The electromagnetic compound vectoring nozzle of claims 1-3 wherein,
the vectored spray pipe comprises a front vectored spray pipe body (310), a middle vectored spray pipe body (320) and a tail portion (330) of the vectored spray pipe, wherein the wall thickness of the vectored spray pipe body is 1mm, the diameters of three sections of spray pipes are the same and are 4mm, the total length of the vectored spray pipe body is 15mm, the central sections of the front vectored spray pipe body (310) and the tail portion (330) of the vectored spray pipe body are in a right trapezoid shape, the length of a long edge is 6mm, the length of a short edge is 4 mm.
7. The electromagnetic compound vectoring nozzle of claims 1-3 wherein,
the front annular electrode (1) and the tail annular electrode (2) are the same in size, the thickness is 0.5mm, and the width of the annular electrode is 4 mm.
8. The electromagnetic compound vectoring nozzle of claim 7 wherein,
the voltage on the front annular electrode (1) is positive voltage 4V, and the potential on the tail annular electrode (2) is 0V.
9. The electromagnetic compound vectoring nozzle of claims 1-3 wherein,
the coil (4) is a flexible electrified coil, is wound on the front part (310) of the vectoring nozzle, the middle part (320) of the vectoring nozzle and the tail part (330) of the vectoring nozzle, and can adjust the size of a generated magnetic field by adjusting the size of the electrified current.
10. The electromagnetic compound vectoring nozzle of claims 1-3 wherein,
three sections of coils (4) arranged outside the front part (310) of the vectoring nozzle, the middle part (320) of the vectoring nozzle and the tail part (330) of the vectoring nozzle are respectively connected with a power supply.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114071849A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-18 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Plasma generator for hypersonic target ablation diffusion object |
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