CN112554164B - Artificial stratum freezing method - Google Patents

Artificial stratum freezing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112554164B
CN112554164B CN202011235156.XA CN202011235156A CN112554164B CN 112554164 B CN112554164 B CN 112554164B CN 202011235156 A CN202011235156 A CN 202011235156A CN 112554164 B CN112554164 B CN 112554164B
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refrigerant
storage device
freezer
liquid supply
liquid
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CN112554164A (en
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王书磊
陈鸿
申伟强
孙建军
丁鹏飞
孟磊
石铖荣
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Shanghai Tunnel Engineering and Rail Transit Design and Research Institute
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/11Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means
    • E02D3/115Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means by freezing
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/001Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an artificial stratum freezing method, which utilizes a refrigerant to circulate and refrigerate in a closed-loop circulating system, directly freezes the stratum, the refrigerant is output by a refrigerating device, is distributed to a liquid supply pipe in each freezer through a refrigerant storage device, is sprayed to the inner wall of the freezer from a small hole of the liquid supply pipe, is evaporated into a gas refrigerant through heat exchange of the stratum, the gas refrigerant enters a recovery temporary storage device through an annular space between the liquid supply pipe and the freezer, flows back to the refrigerating device through a pipeline, forms the refrigerant again after cooling, freezes the stratum and repeats until a frozen soil curtain is formed outside the freezer. The invention has the advantages that: the artificial stratum freezing method adopts the refrigerant to carry out closed cycle refrigeration, and has high refrigeration effect; the frozen soil has low average temperature, high strength and low interface temperature, and can adapt to complex working conditions; the frozen soil is fast in expansion speed; the system has simple structure and convenient installation and transportation.

Description

Artificial stratum freezing method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial stratum freezing, and particularly relates to an artificial stratum freezing method.
Background
The freezing method is widely applied to domestic and foreign coal mine engineering and urban underground engineering, and the basic principle is that heat in the stratum is gradually replaced into the atmosphere through a complex artificial refrigeration system, so that the temperature of a soil body is gradually reduced to form frozen soil with certain bearing capacity, and the refrigeration system comprises three major cycles: refrigerant circulation, cooling water circulation. The refrigerant commonly used in the engineering adopts saline (CaCl 2 solution), and the refrigerant adopts Freon (R22) or liquid ammonia (R717). The traditional process has complex refrigeration and equipment system, is suitable for large-volume and long-term freezing engineering of coal mines, and has the following disadvantages when being applied to municipal freezing engineering: the refrigeration efficiency is low, heat needs to be transferred among three large circulation systems, the energy loss is serious, and the cost is high; the development speed of frozen soil is slow, and the freezing time is long; the refrigeration system is complex, and time and labor are wasted in installation and transition; the refrigeration temperature is on the high side, and for complex boundary conditions, potential safety hazards exist, such as: interface freezing, heat of hydration, groundwater flow, etc.; the leakage of the salt water has great harm to the engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an artificial stratum freezing method according to the defects of the prior art, the artificial stratum freezing method utilizes a refrigerant to circularly refrigerate in a closed-loop circulating system, the stratum is directly frozen, the temperature of the refrigerant is increased after the refrigerant exchanges heat with the stratum through a freezer, the refrigerant flows back to a refrigerating device, the refrigerant is formed again after cooling, the stratum is frozen, and frozen soil curtains with certain thickness are formed around the freezer step by step in a circulating manner.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method of artificial formation freezing, the freezing method comprising the steps of:
(1) arranging a plurality of freezers in a stratum at intervals, and placing a liquid supply pipe in each freezer, wherein the pipe wall of each liquid supply pipe is provided with a plurality of small holes;
(2) the system comprises a refrigerant storage device, a refrigeration device and a temporary recovery storage device which are sequentially connected through pipelines, wherein the output end of the refrigerant storage device is connected with a liquid supply pipe, and an annular space between the liquid supply pipe and a freezer is communicated with the input end of the temporary recovery storage device to form a closed circulation system;
(3) liquid refrigerant produced by the refrigeration equipment is distributed into the liquid supply pipes through the refrigerant storage device, the liquid refrigerant is sprayed to the inner wall of the freezer from the small holes on the liquid supply pipes, and the temperature of soil around the freezer is reduced through formation heat exchange to form frozen soil cylinders; meanwhile, the liquid refrigerant is evaporated into gas refrigerant, the gas refrigerant enters the recovery temporary storage device through an annular space between the liquid supply pipe and the freezers, the gas refrigerant in the recovery temporary storage device flows back to the refrigeration equipment, the gas refrigerant is compressed and cooled through the refrigeration equipment to form the liquid refrigerant, the liquid refrigerant enters the refrigerant storage device again, circulation refrigeration is carried out, and the frozen soil cylinders of the freezers are expanded to form frozen soil curtains.
The freezer is a stainless steel tube or a low-carbon seamless steel tube.
The output end of the refrigerant storage device is sequentially provided with a cryogenic pump and a distributor, the distributor is connected with the liquid supply pipes, and the cryogenic pump pumps the liquid refrigerant from the refrigerant storage device to the distributor and pumps the liquid refrigerant to the liquid supply pipes through the distributor.
The method for preparing the liquid refrigerant by the refrigeration equipment comprises the following steps: the refrigeration equipment compresses air and removes moisture and carbon dioxide in the air; injecting nitrogen into the compressed air to reduce the oxygen content; and then the compressed air is liquefied at low temperature, and the liquid refrigerant consisting of improved liquid air is obtained.
The refrigeration equipment comprises a compression unit, a purification unit, a pressurization unit and a low-temperature unit which are connected in sequence; the compressed air is compressed by the compression unit and then sent into the purification unit, and the purification unit purifies the compressed air under the heating of the electric heater to remove moisture and carbon dioxide in the compressed air; the purified compressed air enters the pressurizing unit, and the pressurizing unit injects nitrogen into the compressed air for pressurizing so as to reduce the oxygen content; and then the compressed air enters the low-temperature unit for low-temperature liquefaction, and the liquid refrigerant consisting of improved liquid air is prepared and obtained.
And purifying water obtained by filtering the compressed air by the purification unit to be used as circulating cooling water of the refrigeration equipment.
The liquid refrigerant comprises the following components in parts by mass: 78% of nitrogen and 21% of oxygen.
The invention has the advantages that: the artificial formation freezing method realizes the recycling and recompression of the backflow low-temperature gas, greatly reduces the energy consumption, improves the energy utilization rate by about 30 percent, and has obvious economic benefit; the application range of the invention is not limited by space and region by taking the improved liquid air as a refrigerating medium, and the invention is suitable for complex boundary conditions; the circulation closed system is adopted for direct refrigeration, the refrigeration efficiency is greatly improved, the soil body can be rapidly frozen, and the frozen soil development speed is about 200 mm/d; the engineering safety reserve is improved; the refrigeration equipment is single, the transition is easy, and the installation is convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the artificial formation freezing method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the refrigeration equipment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The features of the present invention and other related features are described in further detail below by way of example in conjunction with the following drawings to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art:
as shown in fig. 1-2, the respective symbols in the figure are:
a freezer 1, a liquid supply pipe 2, a distributor 3, a refrigerant storage device 4, and a recovery temporary storage device 5;
refrigeration equipment 6, compression unit 61, electric heater 62, purification unit 63, pressurization unit 64, cryogenic unit 65, expansion unit 66;
frozen earth curtain 7, cryogenic pump 8.
Example (b): as shown in fig. 1-2, the present embodiment specifically relates to an artificial formation freezing method, which includes the following steps:
(1) a plurality of freezers 1 are arranged in the stratum at intervals, the freezers 1 are stainless steel pipes or low-carbon seamless steel pipes, a liquid supply pipe 2 is placed in the freezers 1, and a plurality of small holes are formed in the pipe wall of the liquid supply pipe 2.
(2) The refrigerating device is characterized in that the refrigerating device is sequentially connected with a refrigerant storage device 4, a refrigerating device 6 and a recycling temporary storage device 5 through pipelines, the output end of the refrigerant storage device 4 is connected with a liquid supply pipe 2, and the annular space between the liquid supply pipe 2 and a freezer 1 is communicated with the input end of the recycling temporary storage device 5 to form a closed circulation system. The output end of the refrigerant storage device 4 is sequentially provided with a cryogenic pump 8 and a distributor 3, the distributor 3 is connected with each liquid supply pipe 2, and the cryogenic pump 8 pumps liquid refrigerant from the refrigerant storage device 4 to the distributor 3 and pumps the liquid refrigerant to each liquid supply pipe 2 through the distributor 3. The refrigeration equipment 6 comprises a compression unit 61, a purification unit 63, a pressurization unit 64 and a low-temperature unit 65 which are connected in sequence; the compression unit 61 compresses the air and then sends the compressed air into the purification unit 63, and the purification unit 63 purifies the compressed air under the heating of the electric heater 62 to remove moisture and carbon dioxide in the compressed air; the purified compressed air enters a pressurizing unit 64, and the pressurizing unit 64 injects nitrogen into the compressed air for pressurizing so as to reduce the oxygen content; the compressed air then enters the low temperature unit 65 for low temperature liquefaction to produce a liquid refrigerant comprised of modified liquid air. The boiling point of the improved liquid air is-192 ℃, and the liquid refrigerant comprises the following components in parts by mass: 78% of nitrogen and 21% of oxygen. The improved liquid air has stable performance and small leakage, and can not cause personal injury. The water obtained by the filtration of the compressed air is purified by the purification unit 63 as the circulating cooling water of the refrigeration equipment 6.
(3) Liquid refrigerant generated by a refrigerating device 6 is distributed into each liquid supply pipe 2 through a refrigerant storage device 4, a cryogenic pump 8 and a distributor 3 in sequence, the liquid refrigerant is sprayed onto the inner wall of the freezer 1 from each small hole on the liquid supply pipe 2, the temperature of soil around the freezer 1 is rapidly reduced through stratum heat exchange, a frozen soil cylinder is formed gradually, meanwhile, the liquid refrigerant reaches a boiling point of-192 ℃, the liquid refrigerant is evaporated into gas refrigerant, the gas refrigerant enters a recovery temporary storage device 5 through an annular space between the liquid supply pipe 2 and the freezer 1, the temperature of the gas refrigerant is about-80 ℃, the gas refrigerant in the recovery temporary storage device 5 flows back to the refrigerating device 6 through a pipeline, the gas refrigerant is compressed and cooled through the refrigerating device 6 to form liquid refrigerant, and the liquid refrigerant enters the refrigerant storage device 4 again, the refrigerant cycle forms a closed system, and the frozen soil cylinders of the individual freezers 1 gradually expand to form frozen soil curtains 7.

Claims (1)

1.一种人工地层冻结方法,其特征在于所述冻结方法包括以下步骤:1. an artificial stratum freezing method, it is characterized in that described freezing method comprises the following steps: (1)将若干冻结器间隔布置在地层中,在所述冻结器内下放供液管,所述供液管的管壁上开设有若干小孔;所述冻结器为不锈钢管或低碳无缝钢管;(1) Arrange a number of freezers in the stratum at intervals, place a liquid supply pipe in the freezer, and a number of small holes are opened on the pipe wall of the liquid supply pipe; the freezer is a stainless steel pipe or a low-carbon seam steel pipe; (2)通过管路依次连接制冷剂储存装置、制冷装备以及回收临时存储装置,将所述制冷剂储存装置的输出端与所述供液管连接,将所述供液管和所述冻结器之间的环形空间与所述回收临时存储装置的输入端相连通,以形成闭路循环系统;其中,所述制冷剂储存装置的输出端依次设置有低温泵和分配器,所述分配器连接各所述供液管,所述低温泵将液态制冷剂从所述制冷剂储存装置泵送至所述分配器中,并经所述分配器泵送至各所述供液管中;(2) Connect the refrigerant storage device, the refrigeration equipment and the recovery temporary storage device in sequence through pipelines, connect the output end of the refrigerant storage device to the liquid supply pipe, and connect the liquid supply pipe to the freezer The annular space between them is communicated with the input end of the recovery temporary storage device to form a closed-circuit circulation system; wherein, the output end of the refrigerant storage device is sequentially provided with a cryogenic pump and a distributor, and the distributor is connected to each the liquid supply pipe, the cryogenic pump pumps the liquid refrigerant from the refrigerant storage device into the distributor, and through the distributor to each of the liquid supply pipes; (3)由所述制冷装备制备生产的液态制冷剂经所述制冷剂储存装置,分配至各个所述供液管中,所述液态制冷剂从所述供液管上的各所述小孔处喷洒向所述冻结器的内壁上,经地层热量交换所述冻结器周围土体温度降低,形成冻土圆柱;同时所述液态制冷剂蒸发为气体制冷剂,所述气体制冷剂经所述供液管和所述冻结器之间的环形空间进入所述回收临时存储装置,所述回收临时存储装置中的所述气体制冷剂回流至所述制冷装备中,所述气体制冷剂经所述制冷装备压缩冷却形成所述液态制冷剂,所述液态制冷剂再次进入所述制冷剂储存装置,循环制冷,各个所述冻结器的所述冻土圆柱扩展,形成冻土帷幕;(3) The liquid refrigerant prepared and produced by the refrigeration equipment is distributed to each of the liquid supply pipes through the refrigerant storage device, and the liquid refrigerant passes through each of the small holes on the liquid supply pipe. It is sprayed onto the inner wall of the freezer, and the temperature of the soil around the freezer is reduced through the formation of heat exchange to form a frozen soil cylinder; at the same time, the liquid refrigerant evaporates into a gas refrigerant, and the gas refrigerant passes through the freezer. The annular space between the liquid supply pipe and the freezer enters the recovery temporary storage device, the gas refrigerant in the recovery temporary storage device is returned to the refrigeration equipment, and the gas refrigerant passes through the recovery temporary storage device. The refrigeration equipment is compressed and cooled to form the liquid refrigerant, the liquid refrigerant enters the refrigerant storage device again, and circulates for refrigeration, and the frozen soil cylinder of each of the freezers expands to form a frozen soil curtain; 其中,所述制冷装备制备生产所述液态制冷剂的方法为:所述制冷装备将空气进行压缩并脱除其中的水分和二氧化碳;向压缩空气中加注氮气以降低氧含量;之后将压缩空气进行低温液化,获得由改良液态空气构成的所述液态制冷剂;Wherein, the method for preparing and producing the liquid refrigerant by the refrigeration equipment is as follows: the refrigeration equipment compresses the air and removes moisture and carbon dioxide therein; adds nitrogen into the compressed air to reduce the oxygen content; performing low temperature liquefaction to obtain the liquid refrigerant composed of improved liquid air; 所述制冷装备包括依次连接的压缩单元、纯化单元、增压单元以及低温单元;所述压缩单元将空气进行压缩后送入所述纯化单元内,所述纯化单元在电加热器的加热下对压缩空气进行纯化以去除其中的水分和二氧化碳;经纯化后的压缩空气进入所述增压单元内,所述增压单元向压缩空气中加注氮气增压以降低氧含量;之后压缩空气进入所述低温单元进行低温液化,制备获得由改良液态空气构成的所述液态制冷剂;The refrigeration equipment includes a compression unit, a purification unit, a pressurization unit and a low temperature unit connected in sequence; the compression unit compresses the air and sends it into the purification unit, and the purification unit compresses the air under the heating of the electric heater. The compressed air is purified to remove moisture and carbon dioxide; the purified compressed air enters the pressurization unit, and the pressurization unit fills the compressed air with nitrogen for pressurization to reduce the oxygen content; then the compressed air enters the performing low-temperature liquefaction in the low-temperature unit to prepare and obtain the liquid refrigerant composed of improved liquid air; 由所述纯化单元净化压缩空气过滤获得的水作为所述制冷装备的循环冷却水;The water obtained by purifying the compressed air filtered by the purification unit is used as the circulating cooling water of the refrigeration equipment; 所述液态制冷剂的质量组份为:氮气78%,氧气21%。The mass components of the liquid refrigerant are: nitrogen 78%, oxygen 21%.
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0598882A (en) * 1991-10-09 1993-04-20 Tokyo Soil Res:Kk Automatic feeding device for ground freezing medium
CN101761067A (en) * 2010-01-21 2010-06-30 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 Stratigraphic liquid nitrogen freezer
CN105421334A (en) * 2015-11-10 2016-03-23 上海市机械施工集团有限公司 Construction method for soil freezing
CN105908696A (en) * 2016-06-03 2016-08-31 长春工程学院 Foundation pit frozen soil retaining wall device and freezing method thereof
CN106812130A (en) * 2017-01-22 2017-06-09 山东送变电工程公司 A kind of project of transmitting and converting electricity column foot foundation ditch freezing method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0598882A (en) * 1991-10-09 1993-04-20 Tokyo Soil Res:Kk Automatic feeding device for ground freezing medium
CN101761067A (en) * 2010-01-21 2010-06-30 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 Stratigraphic liquid nitrogen freezer
CN105421334A (en) * 2015-11-10 2016-03-23 上海市机械施工集团有限公司 Construction method for soil freezing
CN105908696A (en) * 2016-06-03 2016-08-31 长春工程学院 Foundation pit frozen soil retaining wall device and freezing method thereof
CN106812130A (en) * 2017-01-22 2017-06-09 山东送变电工程公司 A kind of project of transmitting and converting electricity column foot foundation ditch freezing method

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