Processing method for producing biodiesel by hydrogenation of plant asphalt
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petrochemical industry, in particular to a processing method for producing biodiesel by hydrogenating plant asphalt.
Background
The plant asphalt is waste after fatty acid is extracted from plant oil residue through acidification, hydrolysis and distillation, and is called plant asphalt accounting for about 10% of the mass fraction of the plant oil residue due to the color of the plant asphalt like asphalt, and is mainly used for heavy oil combustion treatment at present. Analysis shows that the biodiesel also contains 60-70% of mixed fatty acid, 5-10% of phytosterol, about 5% of natural vitamin E and the like, and the mixed fatty acid is the main raw material phytosterol for producing the biodiesel and the vitamin E is high-grade natural oil chemicals, so that the biodiesel has very wide application and can be directly used as heavy oil to burn to cause great waste of precious natural resources.
Although the plant asphalt contains a certain amount of sterol and natural vitamin E, the plant asphalt has many kinds of impurities and high content, and the sterol has many kinds, different sterols, steroids, sterol esters and other compounds have close properties, so that the separation and purification process for extracting the high-purity sterol and the vitamin E is complex, the energy consumption of the purification process is high, the product market capacity is small, the product additional value is not high, most of the plant asphalt does not find a proper utilization way at present, and a treatment process for improving the additional value of the plant asphalt product is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a processing method for producing biodiesel by hydrogenating plant asphalt.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a processing method for producing biodiesel by hydrogenating plant asphalt comprises the following steps:
(1) desalting, dehydrating and removing impurities from the raw oil;
(2) carrying out a first hydrogenation process on the treated raw material;
(3) separating the first hydrogenation product to obtain light hydrocarbons and heavy hydrocarbons;
(4) separating heavy hydrocarbons or further converting the heavy hydrocarbons;
A. separation treatment: separating heavy hydrocarbons to obtain a white oil fraction with low aromatic hydrocarbon content, a liquid paraffin fraction, a lubricating oil base oil fraction and a heavy residual oil fraction;
B. further conversion treatment: carrying out a hydrocracking process on the heavy residual oil fraction to crack the steroid macromolecules into micromolecules;
(5) carrying out a second hydrogenation process on the light alkane and the hydrocracking product generated in the first hydrogenation process, and further carrying out hydrofining to remove oxygen in the first hydrogenation product;
(6) and fractionating the product of the second hydrogenation process to obtain biological light oil, biological aviation kerosene, biological diesel oil and biological heavy oil components.
Preferably, in the step (1), the desalting adopts an electric desalting process, the dehydrating adopts a negative pressure distillation dehydrating process, and the impurity removal adopts centrifugal separation or plate-and-frame filtration.
Preferably, in the step (2), the first hydrogenation process adopts an upflow reactor suspended bed or a fluidized bed with good heat and mass transfer, or is combined with a downflow fixed bed reactor; or a downflow type fixed bed reactor can be independently adopted, the raw oil needs to be diluted by circulating oil, and the volume ratio of the circulating oil to the raw oil is (2-5): 1.
preferably, in the step (2), the operating pressure of the first hydrogenation process is 5-25MPa, the temperature is 350-450 ℃, and the volume ratio of hydrogen to oil is 800-1500: 1, the volume space velocity is 0.3-2.0h-1(ii) a The metals in the raw material can be removed through the first hydrogenation process, and the oxygen content in the raw material is reduced by 40-100%.
Preferably, in the step (2), the first hydrogenation process is catalyzed by mixing an oil-soluble catalyst and a solid catalyst, wherein the addition amount of the oil-soluble catalyst accounts for 0.01-0.10 wt% of the raw oil, and the addition amount of the solid catalyst accounts for 0.5-2.0 wt% of the raw oil.
According to the invention, the oil-soluble catalyst is used for realizing the high-efficiency dispersion and mixing of the catalyst, the hydrogenation performance of the active metal is fully exerted, the catalyst is promoted to exert better efficiency, the hydrocracking reaction rate is increased, the volume of a hydrogenation reactor is reduced, and the coking can be reduced; meanwhile, the solid catalyst is used, the characteristics of strong coke adsorption and bearing capacity of the solid catalyst are exerted, the adsorption of the coked substances and the metal organic matters in the hydrogenation reactor is realized, and the discharge of the coked substances and the metal organic matters in the hydrogenation reactor is promoted; the treated light oil product has high yield and good quality, the addition amount of active metal in the oil-soluble catalyst can be reduced, energy is saved, emission is reduced, the steps are simple, and the cost is low.
Preferably, the oil-soluble catalyst is a complex formed by metal molybdenum, iron, cobalt or nickel and an organic matter. More preferably, the oil-soluble liquid catalyst is at least one of an oil-soluble molybdenum amine complex, molybdenum naphthenate, molybdenum alkyl thiophosphate, molybdenum dialkyl dithiocarbamate, molybdenum dialkyl dithiophosphate, molybdenum 2-ethylhexanoate, molybdenum fatty acid, molybdenum isooctanoate, molybdenum alkyl thiocarbamate, and molybdenum organic acid. The oil soluble catalyst can be mutually soluble with the processed heavy oil or a certain section of distillate oil in the heavy oil, and can be decomposed into nano-scale metal sulfide particles in a hydrogenation reactor.
Preferably, the carrier of the solid catalyst is at least one of activated carbon, semi-coke, clay, natural diatomite and kaolin, the carrier is loaded with metal active components of molybdenum, iron, cobalt or nickel, and the particle size of the solid catalyst is 1-1000 μm. The solid catalyst of the invention adopts the carrier, has larger specific surface area, low cost and good adsorption effect.
Preferably, in the step (3), the separation method of the first hydrogenation product comprises the following processes:
a. a separation tank is adopted to realize gas-liquid separation;
b. distilling and separating the liquid phase to obtain light hydrocarbons and heavy hydrocarbons; the light hydrocarbons are below C10, and the heavy hydrocarbons include normal alkanes between C10-C20, normal hydrocarbons above C20, and steroid.
Preferably, in the step (4), the separation method of heavy hydrocarbons adopts a cooling filtration method. Because the steroid components have higher condensation points and lower solubility in solvent oil and water, the solvent oil can be adopted to carry out cooling extraction on the heavy hydrocarbon mixture, thereby realizing the separation of normal alkane and steroid compounds; the separated normal paraffins between C10 and C20 belong to white oil fraction with low aromatic hydrocarbon content; the normal hydrocarbons above C20 belong to liquid paraffin fraction; the steroid component produced after hydrogenation of sterols contains a large amount of lube base oil fractions.
Preferably, in the step B, the hydrocracking process adopts a hydrocracking catalyst which uses amorphous aluminosilicate or molecular sieve with acid centers as a carrier and supports active metals of molybdenum, nickel, cobalt or tungsten.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the processing method can process the plant asphalt to obtain the components of the biodiesel, the white oil, the liquid paraffin, the lubricating oil base oil, the biological light oil, the biological aviation kerosene, the biological heavy oil and the like, and has the advantages of simple steps, convenient operation and control, low energy consumption and high added value of products.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples for facilitating understanding of those skilled in the art, and the description of the embodiments is not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
A processing method for producing biodiesel by hydrogenating plant asphalt comprises the following steps:
(1) desalting, dehydrating and removing impurities from the raw oil;
(2) carrying out a first hydrogenation process on the treated raw material;
(3) separating the first hydrogenation product to obtain light hydrocarbons and heavy hydrocarbons;
(4) separating heavy hydrocarbons or further converting the heavy hydrocarbons;
A. separation treatment: separating heavy hydrocarbons to obtain a white oil fraction with low aromatic hydrocarbon content, a liquid paraffin fraction, a lubricating oil base oil fraction and a heavy residual oil fraction;
B. further conversion treatment: carrying out a hydrocracking process on the heavy residual oil fraction to crack the steroid macromolecules into micromolecules;
(5) carrying out a second hydrogenation process on the light alkane and the hydrocracking product generated in the first hydrogenation process, and further carrying out hydrofining to remove oxygen in the first hydrogenation product;
(6) and fractionating the product of the second hydrogenation process to obtain biological light oil, biological aviation kerosene, biological diesel oil and biological heavy oil components.
In the step (1), the desalting adopts an electric desalting process, the dewatering adopts a negative pressure distillation dewatering process, and the impurity removal adopts centrifugal separation or plate-and-frame filtration.
In the step (2), the first hydrogenation process adopts an upflow reactor suspension bed or a fluidized bed with good heat and mass transfer, or is combined with a downflow fixed bed reactor for use; or a downflow fixed bed reactor can be independently adopted, the raw oil needs to be diluted by circulating oil, and the volume ratio of the circulating oil to the raw oil is 2: 1.
in the step (2), the operating pressure of the first hydrogenation process is 5MPa, the temperature is 350 ℃, and the volume ratio of hydrogen to oil is 800: 1, volume space velocity of 0.3h-1(ii) a The metals in the raw material can be removed through the first hydrogenation process, and the oxygen content in the raw material is reduced by 40%.
In the step (2), the first hydrogenation process adopts oil-soluble catalyst and solid catalyst to mix for catalysis, the adding amount of the oil-soluble catalyst accounts for 0.01 wt% of the raw oil, and the adding amount of the solid catalyst accounts for 0.5 wt% of the raw oil.
The oil-soluble catalyst is a complex formed by metal molybdenum and organic matters.
The carrier of the solid catalyst is active carbon or semi-coke, the carrier is loaded with a metal active component molybdenum, and the particle size of the solid catalyst is 1 μm. The solid catalyst adopts the carrier, has larger specific surface area, low cost and good adsorption effect.
In the step (3), the separation method of the first hydrogenation product comprises the following processes:
a. a separation tank is adopted to realize gas-liquid separation;
b. distilling and separating the liquid phase to obtain light hydrocarbons and heavy hydrocarbons; the light hydrocarbons are below C10, and the heavy hydrocarbons include normal alkanes between C10-C20, normal hydrocarbons above C20, and steroid.
In the step (4), a cooling filtration method is adopted as a heavy hydrocarbon separation method.
In the step B, the hydrocracking process adopts a hydrocracking catalyst which takes amorphous aluminosilicate or molecular sieve with acid centers as a carrier and loads active metal molybdenum, nickel, cobalt or tungsten.
Example 2
This embodiment is different from embodiment 1 described above in that:
in the step (2), the first hydrogenation process adopts an upflow reactor suspension bed or a fluidized bed with good heat and mass transfer, or is combined with a downflow fixed bed reactor for use; or a downflow fixed bed reactor can be independently adopted, the raw oil needs to be diluted by circulating oil, and the volume ratio of the circulating oil to the raw oil is 3.5: 1.
in the step (2), the operating pressure of the first hydrogenation process is 15MPa, the temperature is 400 ℃, and the volume ratio of hydrogen to oil is 1200: 1, volume space velocity of 1.2h-1(ii) a The metals in the raw material can be removed through the first hydrogenation process, and the oxygen content in the raw material is reduced by 70%.
In the step (2), the first hydrogenation process is catalyzed by mixing an oil-soluble catalyst and a solid catalyst, wherein the addition amount of the oil-soluble catalyst accounts for 0.05 wt% of the raw oil, and the addition amount of the solid catalyst accounts for 1.2 wt% of the raw oil.
The oil-soluble catalyst is a complex formed by metallic iron and organic matters.
The carrier of the solid catalyst is argil, the carrier is loaded with metal active component iron, and the particle size of the solid catalyst is 100 mu m.
Example 3
This embodiment is different from embodiment 1 described above in that:
in the step (2), the first hydrogenation process adopts an upflow reactor suspension bed or a fluidized bed with good heat and mass transfer, or is combined with a downflow fixed bed reactor for use; or a downflow fixed bed reactor can be independently adopted, the raw oil needs to be diluted by circulating oil, and the volume ratio of the circulating oil to the raw oil is 5: 1.
in the step (2), the operating pressure of the first hydrogenation process is 25MPa, the temperature is 450 ℃, and the volume ratio of hydrogen to oil is 1500: 1, volume space velocity of 2.0h-1(ii) a The metals in the raw material can be removed through the first hydrogenation process, and the oxygen content in the raw material is reduced by 100 percent.
In the step (2), the first hydrogenation process adopts oil-soluble catalyst and solid catalyst to mix for catalysis, the adding amount of the oil-soluble catalyst accounts for 0.10 wt% of the raw oil, and the adding amount of the solid catalyst accounts for 2.0 wt% of the raw oil.
The oil-soluble catalyst is a complex formed by metal cobalt or nickel and an organic matter.
The carrier of the solid catalyst is natural diatomite or kaolin, the carrier is loaded with metal active components cobalt or nickel, and the particle size of the solid catalyst is 1000 μm.
The processing method can process the plant asphalt to obtain the components of the biodiesel, the white oil, the liquid paraffin, the lubricating oil base oil, the biological light oil, the biological aviation kerosene, the biological heavy oil and the like, and has the advantages of simple steps, convenient operation and control, low energy consumption and high added value of products.
The above-described embodiments are preferred implementations of the present invention, and the present invention may be implemented in other ways without departing from the spirit of the present invention.