CN112552879A - Solar energy storage phase-change material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Solar energy storage phase-change material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of energy storage material preparation, and particularly relates to a solar energy storage phase-change material and a preparation method thereof. The solar energy storage phase-change material comprises capric acid, lauric acid and expanded graphite, wherein the capric acid and the lauric acid form a composite co-melting binary system, the expanded graphite is used for adsorbing the capric acid and the lauric acid to form the composite co-melting binary system, the phase-change temperature of the composite phase-change material is 26.32 ℃, and the phase-change latent heat is 103.3J/g. After the expanded graphite is adopted to adsorb the capric acid-lauric acid, the temperature is appropriate, the thermal stability is good, and the material can be used as a phase-change material for solar energy storage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of energy storage phase change materials, and particularly relates to a solar energy storage phase change material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The heat storage technology is an important technology for improving the energy utilization efficiency and protecting the environment, and has wide application prospects in the fields of solar heat utilization, electric power peak load shifting, industrial waste heat recovery, civil use, military use and the like. Industrial waste heat which is not used temporarily or unstable and discontinuous heat (such as solar energy and terrestrial heat) is stored in a proper medium through a heat storage technology and is stably and continuously released through a certain method when needed, so that the energy consumption of enterprises can be reduced, and the pollution of various harmful substances to the environment when primary energy is converted into secondary energy can be reduced.
The solar energy is utilized by the heat storage technology, namely, redundant solar energy and the like in the peak period are stored by the heat storage material, the heat is released from the heat storage material when the energy is needed, the heat is used for heating and supplying and the like, the heat storage and the release are carried out circularly, the distribution of the heat energy on time and space can be adjusted, and the purposes of high-efficiency utilization of energy and energy conservation are achieved.
The heat storage technology is widely applied to building energy storage. Organic phase change materials have become one of the most popular heat storage materials due to their advantages of low cost, high heat storage density, etc. However, when the organic phase-change material is used as a phase-change energy storage wallboard or a ceiling, the temperature of the phase-change material is close to the comfortable temperature (18-26 ℃) of a human body so as to be suitable for building energy storage, and how to stably control the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material within the comfortable temperature range of the human body is one of the problems to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a solar energy storage phase-change material and a preparation method thereof, so as to prepare a composite phase-change material with larger phase-change latent heat and the phase-change temperature of about 25 ℃.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the solar energy storage phase-change material comprises capric acid, lauric acid and expanded graphite, wherein the capric acid and the lauric acid form a composite co-melting binary system, the expanded graphite is used for adsorbing the capric acid and the lauric acid to form the composite co-melting binary system, and the mass fraction of the capric acid in the composite co-melting binary system formed by the capric acid and the lauric acid is 30-70%.
Further, the mass fraction of the decanoic acid is preferably 50%.
Furthermore, after the expanded graphite absorbs capric acid and lauric acid to form a composite eutectic binary system, the phase change temperature is 26.32 ℃, and the phase change latent heat is 103.3J/g.
A preparation method of a solar energy storage phase-change material is used for preparing the solar energy storage phase-change material and comprises the following steps:
s1: placing the dried expanded graphite powder in an evaporating dish, placing the evaporating dish in a microwave oven, and heating for 10s under 800w power to obtain expanded graphite;
s2: preparing a capric acid-lauric acid composite system with capric acid mass fractions of 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70%, mixing weighed capric acid and lauric acid, pouring into a beaker, blending in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 80 ℃, and stirring for 1 hour;
s3: adding expanded graphite into beakers of capric acid-lauric acid composite systems with different mass fractions of capric acid, blending the capric acid-lauric acid composite systems and the expanded graphite in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at the temperature of 80 ℃, and stirring for 1 hour;
s4: and (4) putting the capric acid-lauric acid composite system mixed in the step (S3) and a certain amount of expanded graphite into a vacuum pot, covering a vacuum cover, closing an air outlet valve, opening a vacuum pump, observing the air pressure of an air pressure gauge, closing the air outlet valve and the vacuum pump when the air pressure of the air pressure gauge is below 0.1MPa, and performing vacuum adsorption to obtain the expanded graphite-based composite phase-change heat storage material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, expanded graphite is selected as a support material of a composite binary phase change system consisting of capric acid and lauric acid. The phase transition temperature of the capric acid-lauric acid composite binary co-melting system is 25.16 ℃, the phase transition temperature of the capric acid-lauric acid composite binary co-melting system is 26.32 ℃ after the capric acid-lauric acid is adsorbed by the expanded graphite, and the requirements on the box transition temperature and the phase transition latent heat of the phase transition material are met. Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts the expanded graphite to adsorb the capric acid-lauric acid, has proper temperature and good thermal stability, and can be used as a phase-change material for solar energy storage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for measuring the introduction coefficient of a cement board containing an expanded graphite-based capric acid-lauric acid composite.
Fig. 2 is a graph of thermal conductivity of cement boards containing an expanded graphite-based capric acid-lauric acid composite.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a solar energy storage phase-change material and a preparation method thereof. The expanded graphite with a large-surface-area microporous structure is used as a supporting material of a capric acid and lauric acid composite phase-change material system, and the liquid organic phase-change heat storage material is absorbed into the micropores through the capillary force of the micropores under the condition that the phase-change temperature of the composite phase-change material is higher than the phase-change temperature of the composite phase-change material, so that the composite phase-change heat storage material is formed. Due to the action of capillary force, the liquid phase-change heat storage material is difficult to overflow from the micropores. Meanwhile, the thermal conductivity of the expanded graphite on the same layer can reach 30W/(cm. K), so that the defect of low thermal conductivity of the organic phase-change material is greatly overcome, and the heat exchange efficiency in the phase-change process is improved.
The invention provides a preparation method of a solar energy storage phase-change material, which comprises the following steps:
s1: and (3) placing the dried expanded graphite powder in an evaporating dish, placing the evaporating dish in a microwave oven, and heating for 10s under the power of 800w to obtain the expanded graphite.
S2: preparing a composite binary co-melting system of 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70% of capric acid and lauric acid by mass fraction. After weighing, the organic composite phase change material is mixed and poured into a 500ml beaker, and is blended in a constant temperature water bath kettle at the temperature of 80 ℃ and stirred for 1 hour.
S3: respectively adding the expanded graphite into beakers containing capric acid and lauric acid organic composite phase-change materials with different capric acid contents, blending the organic phase-change materials and the expanded graphite in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 80 ℃, and stirring for one hour.
S4: putting the prepared capric acid and lauric acid composite material and a certain amount of expanded graphite into a vacuum pan, covering a vacuum cover and closing an air outlet valve. And opening the vacuum pump, observing the air pressure of the air pressure gauge, closing the air extraction valve and the vacuum pump when the air pressure reaches below 0.1MPa, and obtaining the expanded graphite-based composite phase-change heat storage material through vacuum adsorption.
And analyzing the measured values of the phase transition temperature and the phase transition enthalpy of the composite phase transition material and the expanded graphite composite phase transition material by using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The temperature rise rate of Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) analysis is 5 ℃/min, the temperature rise range is 50 ℃ respectively above and below the phase change temperature of the phase change material, and a nitrogen atmosphere is adopted.
Example 1:
the invention prepares the solar energy storage phase-change material according to the following method:
s1: and (3) placing 5g of dried expanded graphite powder in an evaporating dish, placing the evaporating dish in a microwave oven, and heating for 10s under the power of 800w to obtain the expanded graphite.
S2: 5g of capric acid is weighed, and a composite system of capric acid and lauric acid with the capric acid mass fraction of 30% is prepared. And mixing the weighed organic composite phase change materials, pouring the mixture into a 500ml beaker, blending the mixture in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at the temperature of 80 ℃, and stirring the mixture for 1 hour.
S3: adding the expanded graphite into a beaker containing the capric acid and lauric acid organic composite phase-change material, blending the organic phase-change material and the expanded graphite in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at the temperature of 80 ℃, and stirring for one hour.
S4: and (3) putting the prepared capric acid and lauric acid composite material and 3g of expanded graphite into a vacuum pan, covering a vacuum cover and closing an air outlet valve. And opening the vacuum pump, observing the air pressure of the air pressure gauge, closing the air extraction valve and the vacuum pump when the air pressure reaches below 0.1MPa, and obtaining the expanded graphite-based composite phase-change heat storage material through vacuum adsorption.
And analyzing the phase change temperature and the phase change latent heat of the capric acid-lauric acid composite system and the measured values of the phase change temperature and the phase change enthalpy of the composite system after the absorption of the expanded graphite by using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The temperature rise rate of Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) analysis is 5 ℃/min, the temperature rise range is 50 ℃ respectively above and below the phase change temperature of the phase change material, and a nitrogen atmosphere is adopted.
TABLE 1 DSC test results of capric acid-lauric acid system, expanded graphite-based composite phase transition temperature and latent heat of phase transition
| Capric acid content | 30％ |
| Capric acid-lauric acid phase transition temperature (. degree. C.) | 20.72 |
| Capric acid-lauric acid latent heat of phase transition (J/g) | 98.4 |
| Expanded graphite-based capric acid-lauric acid phase transition temperature (DEG C) | 21.23 |
| Expanded graphite-based latent heat of phase change (J/g) of capric acid-lauric acid | 91.9 |
Example 2:
the invention prepares the solar energy storage phase-change material according to the following method:
s1: and (3) placing 5g of dried expanded graphite powder in an evaporating dish, placing the evaporating dish in a microwave oven, and heating for 10s under the power of 800w to obtain the expanded graphite.
S2: 5g of capric acid is weighed, and a composite system of capric acid and lauric acid with the capric acid mass fraction of 40% is prepared. And mixing the weighed organic composite phase change materials, pouring the mixture into a 500ml beaker, blending the mixture in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at the temperature of 80 ℃, and stirring the mixture for 1 hour.
S3: adding the expanded graphite into a beaker containing the capric acid and lauric acid organic composite phase-change material, blending the organic phase-change material and the expanded graphite in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at the temperature of 80 ℃, and stirring for one hour.
S4: and (3) putting the prepared capric acid and lauric acid composite material and 3g of expanded graphite into a vacuum pan, covering a vacuum cover and closing an air outlet valve. And opening the vacuum pump, observing the air pressure of the air pressure gauge, and closing the air extraction valve and the vacuum pump when the air pressure of the air pressure gauge is below 0.1 MPa. And obtaining the expanded graphite-based composite phase-change heat storage material through vacuum adsorption.
And analyzing the phase change temperature and the phase change latent heat of the capric acid-lauric acid composite system and the measured values of the phase change temperature and the phase change enthalpy of the composite system after the absorption of the expanded graphite by using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The temperature rise rate of Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) analysis is 5 ℃/min, the temperature rise range is 50 ℃ respectively above and below the phase change temperature of the phase change material, and a nitrogen atmosphere is adopted.
TABLE 2 DSC test results of capric acid-lauric acid system, expanded graphite-based composite phase transition temperature and latent heat of phase transition
| Capric acid content | 40％ |
| Capric acid-lauric acid phase transition temperature (. degree. C.) | 23.82 |
| Capric acid-lauric acid latent heat of phase transition (J/g) | 109.6 |
| Expanded graphite-based capric acid-lauric acid phase transition temperature (DEG C) | 24.05 |
| Expanded graphite-based latent heat of phase change (J/g) of capric acid-lauric acid | 95.3 |
Example 3:
the invention prepares the solar energy storage phase-change material according to the following method:
s1: and (3) placing 5g of dried expanded graphite powder in an evaporating dish, placing the evaporating dish in a microwave oven, and heating for 10s under the power of 800w to obtain the expanded graphite.
S2: 5g of capric acid is weighed, and a composite system of capric acid and lauric acid with the capric acid mass fraction of 50% is prepared. And mixing the weighed organic composite phase change materials, pouring the mixture into a 500ml beaker, blending the mixture in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at the temperature of 80 ℃, and stirring the mixture for 1 hour.
S3: adding the expanded graphite into a beaker containing the capric acid and lauric acid organic composite phase-change material, blending the organic phase-change material and the expanded graphite in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at the temperature of 80 ℃, and stirring for one hour.
S4: and (3) putting the prepared capric acid and lauric acid composite material and 3g of expanded graphite into a vacuum pan, covering a vacuum cover and closing an air outlet valve. And opening the vacuum pump, observing the air pressure of the air pressure gauge, and closing the air extraction valve and the vacuum pump when the air pressure of the air pressure gauge is below 0.1 MPa. And obtaining the expanded graphite-based composite phase-change heat storage material through vacuum adsorption.
And analyzing the phase change temperature and the phase change latent heat of the capric acid-lauric acid composite system and the measured values of the phase change temperature and the phase change enthalpy of the composite system after the absorption of the expanded graphite by using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The temperature rise rate of Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) analysis is 5 ℃/min, the temperature rise range is 50 ℃ respectively above and below the phase change temperature of the phase change material, and a nitrogen atmosphere is adopted.
TABLE 3 DSC test results of capric acid-lauric acid system, expanded graphite-based composite phase transition temperature and latent heat of phase transition
| Capric acid content | 50％ |
| Capric acid-lauric acid phase transition temperature (. degree. C.) | 25.16 |
| Capric acid-lauric acid latent heat of phase transition (J/g) | 113.6 |
| Expanded graphite-based capric acid-lauric acid phase transition temperature (DEG C) | 26.32 |
| Expanded graphite-based latent heat of phase change (J/g) of capric acid-lauric acid | 103.3 |
Example 4:
the invention prepares the solar energy storage phase-change material according to the following method:
s1: and (3) placing 5g of dried expanded graphite powder in an evaporating dish, placing the evaporating dish in a microwave oven, and heating for 10s under the power of 800w to obtain the expanded graphite.
S2: 5g of capric acid is weighed, and a composite system of capric acid and lauric acid with the capric acid mass fraction of 60% is prepared. And mixing the weighed organic composite phase change materials, pouring the mixture into a 500ml beaker, blending the mixture in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at the temperature of 80 ℃, and stirring the mixture for 1 hour.
S3: adding the expanded graphite into a beaker containing the capric acid and lauric acid organic composite phase-change material, blending the organic phase-change material and the expanded graphite in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at the temperature of 80 ℃, and stirring for one hour.
S4: and (3) putting the prepared capric acid and lauric acid composite material and 3g of expanded graphite into a vacuum pan, covering a vacuum cover and closing an air outlet valve. And opening the vacuum pump, observing the air pressure of the air pressure gauge, and closing the air extraction valve and the vacuum pump when the air pressure of the air pressure gauge is below 0.1 MPa. And obtaining the expanded graphite-based composite phase-change heat storage material through vacuum adsorption.
And analyzing the phase change temperature and the phase change latent heat of the capric acid-lauric acid composite system and the measured values of the phase change temperature and the phase change enthalpy of the composite system after the absorption of the expanded graphite by using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The temperature rise rate of Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) analysis is 5 ℃/min, the temperature rise range is 50 ℃ respectively above and below the phase change temperature of the phase change material, and a nitrogen atmosphere is adopted.
TABLE 4 DSC test results of capric acid-lauric acid system, expanded graphite-based composite phase transition temperature and latent heat of phase transition
| Capric acid content | 60％ |
| Capric acid-lauric acid phase transition temperature (. degree. C.) | 23.14 |
| Capric acid-lauric acid latent heat of phase transition (J/g) | 104.8 |
| Expanded graphite-based capric acid-lauric acid phase transition temperature (DEG C) | 23.82 |
| Expanded graphite-based latent heat of phase change (J/g) of capric acid-lauric acid | 96.5 |
Example 5:
the invention prepares the solar energy storage phase-change material according to the following method:
s1: and (3) placing 5g of dried expanded graphite powder in an evaporating dish, placing the evaporating dish in a microwave oven, and heating for 10s under the power of 800w to obtain the expanded graphite.
S2: 5g of capric acid is weighed, and a composite system of capric acid and lauric acid with the mass fraction of capric acid being 70% is prepared. And mixing the weighed organic composite phase change materials, pouring the mixture into a 500ml beaker, blending the mixture in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at the temperature of 80 ℃, and stirring the mixture for 1 hour.
S3: adding the expanded graphite into a beaker containing the capric acid and lauric acid organic composite phase-change material, blending the organic phase-change material and the expanded graphite in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at the temperature of 80 ℃, and stirring for one hour.
S4: and (3) putting the prepared capric acid and lauric acid composite material and 3g of expanded graphite into a vacuum pan, covering a vacuum cover and closing an air outlet valve. And opening the vacuum pump, observing the air pressure of the air pressure gauge, and closing the air extraction valve and the vacuum pump when the air pressure of the air pressure gauge is below 0.1 MPa. And obtaining the expanded graphite-based composite phase-change heat storage material through vacuum adsorption.
And analyzing the phase change temperature and the phase change latent heat of the capric acid-lauric acid composite system and the measured values of the phase change temperature and the phase change enthalpy of the composite system after the absorption of the expanded graphite by using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The temperature rise rate of Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) analysis is 5 ℃/min, the temperature rise range is 50 ℃ respectively above and below the phase change temperature of the phase change material, and a nitrogen atmosphere is adopted.
TABLE 5 DSC test results of capric acid-lauric acid system, expanded graphite-based composite phase transition temperature and latent heat of phase transition
| Capric acid content | 70％ |
| Capric acid-lauric acid phase transition temperature (. degree. C.) | 20.83 |
| Capric acid-lauric acid latent heat of phase transition (J/g) | 97.2 |
| Expanded graphite-based capric acid-lauric acid phase transition temperature (DEG C) | 21.65 |
| Expanded graphite-based latent heat of phase change (J/g) of capric acid-lauric acid | 89.5 |
The above examples 1 to 5 show that when the content of decanoic acid is 50%, the phase change temperature of the composite system consisting of decanoic acid and lauric acid is 25.16 ℃, the latent heat of phase change is 113.6J/g, and the requirements on the box transition temperature and the latent heat of phase change of the phase change material are met. After the expanded graphite is used for adsorbing the capric acid-lauric acid, the phase change temperature is 26.32 ℃, and the latent heat of phase change is 103.3J/g.
The expanded graphite-based capric acid-lauric acid composite system prepared in the example 3 is added into standard cement according to different mass percentages of 2%, 5%, 7% and 10% to prepare a phase change energy storage cement plate.
And testing the introduction coefficients of different expanded graphite-based capric acid-lauric acid composite materials by using a Hot Disk introduction coefficient analyzer. The specific test method comprises the following steps: placing cement boards with the same mass percentage in parallel, placing a test probe between the two cement boards, and testing the heat conductivity coefficient of the cement boards at normal temperature. The test system is shown in fig. 1.
The introduction coefficients of the expanded graphite-based capric acid-lauric acid composite cement boards doped with 2%, 5%, 7% and 10% by mass are shown in fig. 2. The thermal conductivity of the cement board gradually decreases with the increase of the content of the phase change material.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. The solar energy storage phase-change material comprises capric acid, lauric acid and expanded graphite, and is characterized in that: the capric acid and the lauric acid form a composite co-melting binary system, the mass fraction of the capric acid is 30% -70%, and the expanded graphite is used for adsorbing the capric acid and the lauric acid to form the composite co-melting binary system.
2. The solar energy storage phase change material of claim 1, wherein: the mass fraction of the decanoic acid is preferably 50%.
3. The solar energy storage phase change material of claim 2, wherein: after the expanded graphite absorbs capric acid and lauric acid to form a composite eutectic binary system, the phase change temperature is 26.32 ℃, and the latent heat of phase change is 103.3J/g.
4. A preparation method of a solar energy storage phase-change material, which is used for preparing the solar energy storage phase-change material of claim 1, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: placing the dried expanded graphite powder in an evaporating dish, placing the evaporating dish in a microwave oven, and heating for 10s under 800w power to obtain expanded graphite;
s2: preparing a capric acid-lauric acid composite system with capric acid mass fractions of 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70%, mixing weighed capric acid and lauric acid, pouring into a beaker, blending in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 80 ℃, and stirring for 1 hour;
s3: adding expanded graphite into beakers of capric acid-lauric acid composite systems with different mass fractions of capric acid, blending the capric acid-lauric acid composite systems and the expanded graphite in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at the temperature of 80 ℃, and stirring for 1 hour;
s4: and (4) putting the capric acid-lauric acid composite system mixed in the step (S3) and a certain amount of expanded graphite into a vacuum pot, covering a vacuum cover, closing an air outlet valve, opening a vacuum pump, observing the air pressure of an air pressure gauge, closing the air outlet valve and the vacuum pump when the air pressure of the air pressure gauge is below 0.1MPa, and performing vacuum adsorption to obtain the expanded graphite-based composite phase-change heat storage material.
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