CN112551672A - Heavy metal remover and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Heavy metal remover and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/58—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
- C02F1/62—Heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
- C02F2101/22—Chromium or chromium compounds, e.g. chromates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a heavy metal removal preparation, which comprises the following steps: mixing a polyol and isocyanate according to a mass ratio of 1: (1-5) reacting for 1-3 hours under the action of aluminum oxide, then adding a chain extender, and reacting for 30-60 minutes at 80-100 ℃ to obtain a first product; ball-milling inorganic ferric salt by a high-energy ball mill, soaking the inorganic ferric salt in alkaline corrosive liquid with introduced nitrogen for 24-48 hours, washing the inorganic ferric salt by using water with oxygen dissolving capacity lower than 0.5mg/L until filtrate is neutral, and drying the inorganic ferric salt in vacuum to obtain a nano zero-valent iron material; mixing the first product with a nano zero-valent iron material according to a mass ratio of 1: (1-3), then soaking the mixture into isopropyl titanate/1, 3-dioxolane solution for 4-5 days, and then filtering to obtain a second product; and calcining the obtained second product for 4-6 hours at 1000-1200 ℃ in an inert atmosphere to obtain the heavy metal remover. The remover obtained by the method has excellent effect on removing heavy metals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of polluted water treatment and restoration, and particularly relates to a heavy metal remover and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The heavy metal pollution of water has always received wide attention. Heavy metal pollution mainly comes from industries such as storage batteries, fossil fuels, metallurgy, mines, metal electroplating industry, pesticides and chemical fertilizers. The common heavy metals include mercury, chromium, lead, arsenic, zinc, copper, nickel, etc. Heavy metals are rich, difficult to degrade and widely distributed. Heavy metals enter human bodies through the biological enrichment effect, and can cause serious harm to human health, such as causing hypertension, depression and autoimmune disorder diseases, and serious people can cause cancer, damage to body functional organs and even death. In the 50 s of the 20 th century, water ensures that diseases (Hg poisoning) and bone pain diseases (Cd poisoning) are serious pollution events caused by heavy metals, which causes great panic all over the world, and people begin to pay great attention to heavy metal pollution and increase the strength for treating the heavy metal pollution.
At present, the treatment method of heavy metal pollution of water mainly comprises the following steps: chemical precipitation, electrochemical methods, ion exchange, ultrafiltration, adsorption, membrane treatment techniques, and the like. For example, the chinese patent application No. CN201210534559.3 discloses a preparation method and application of a hazardous heavy metal remover for electroplating wastewater, comprising the following steps: 1) fully reacting tetraethylenepentamine with carbon disulfide in an alkaline environment; 2) adding epoxy chloropropane into the reaction product obtained in the step 1) for full reaction, and finally blowing off redundant carbon disulfide by using nitrogen; wherein the mass ratio of the tetraethylenepentamine to the carbon disulfide is 1 (1.8-3.2), and the mass ratio of the carbon disulfide to the epichlorohydrin is 1 (7.5-10). For another example, chinese patent application No. CN201811422381.7 discloses a heavy metal removal agent, and a synthesis method and an application thereof, wherein dichloroalkane, ammonia and carbon disulfide are used as reaction raw materials, and the synthesis method comprises synthesizing by a one-pot method in the presence of an alkaline substance, particularly a weak base, and then removing the remaining ammonia by evaporation. The synthesis of the heavy metal removal preparation takes cheap dichloroalkane and ammonia as raw materials, adopts a one-pot method to carry out two-step or one-step reaction, and has low cost and high yield. The invention breaks through the defects of the prior art that the ethylenediamine is used as the raw material, obviously reduces the production cost, and the prepared heavy metal removal preparation still keeps stable heavy metal removal performance under the condition of extremely low pH, and can play a very obvious role in removing heavy metal in industrial wastewater such as actual electroplating, smelting and the like. Although the remover has a certain effect on removing heavy metal ions in sewage, the used raw materials are all small molecular compounds and have certain polluting property, so that secondary pollution to the environment is easily caused, and the remover is difficult to treat.
Nanometer zero-valent iron, which was first introduced in the 90's of the 20 th century, has attracted much attention because of its high specific surface area, high reducibility, and high activity. The nanometer zero-valent iron is zero-valent, is easy to oxidize and has higher activity, thus being a good reducing agent; the nanometer zero-valent iron is in a nanometer size, and the specific surface area is very large; the nanometer zero-valent iron is magnetic and easy to separate, so that the nanometer zero-valent iron is widely applied to the research of removing heavy metals in water, Kanel and the like, and the research finds that the nanometer zero-valent iron can quickly and efficiently remove As (V) in water, and the reaction rate constant of the nanometer zero-valent iron is about 1000 times of that of common zero-valent iron, so that the nanometer zero-valent iron is a nanometer material for efficiently removing As (V) in underground water. Although the nano zero-valent iron can efficiently remove heavy metals, the nano zero-valent iron is easy to agglomerate and is unstable, so that the single nano zero-valent iron is not suitable for the heavy metal removal process.
Based on the above, a composite heavy metal remover is expected, the remover takes nano zero-valent iron as a base material, and the formed remover can well avoid the defects that single nano zero-valent iron is easy to agglomerate and unstable by compounding the nano zero-valent iron and another material with a stable shape.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to solve the problem that the existing heavy metal removal material has poor effect, and provides a heavy metal remover and a preparation method thereof. The heavy metal remover obtained by the method can effectively remove the heavy metal content in the sewage.
The purpose of the invention and the technical problem to be solved are realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a preparation method of a heavy metal removal preparation, which comprises the following steps:
mixing a polyol and isocyanate according to a mass ratio of 1: (1-5) reacting for 1-3 hours under the action of aluminum oxide, then adding a chain extender, and reacting for 30-60 minutes at 80-100 ℃ to obtain a first product;
ball-milling inorganic ferric salt by a high-energy ball mill, soaking the inorganic ferric salt in alkaline corrosive liquid with introduced nitrogen for 24-48 hours, washing the inorganic ferric salt by using water with oxygen dissolving capacity lower than 0.5mg/L until filtrate is neutral, and drying the inorganic ferric salt in vacuum to obtain a nano zero-valent iron material;
mixing the first product with a nano zero-valent iron material according to a mass ratio of 1: (1-3), then soaking the mixture into isopropyl titanate/1, 3-dioxolane solution for 4-5 days, and then filtering to obtain a second product;
and calcining the obtained second product for 4-6 hours at 1000-1200 ℃ in an inert atmosphere to obtain the heavy metal remover.
Preferably, the number average molecular weight of the polymeric polyol is 100000-200000.
Preferably, the polymeric polyol is selected from any one of polyvinyl adipate, polylactic acid, polytetrahydrofuran, polybutylene adipate, polydiethylene glycol azelate, polycaprolactone polyol, polypropylene oxide, and polyvinyl chloride.
Preferably, the chain extender is selected from any one of N, N '-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) isonicotinamide, N-methyldiethanolamine, 4' -bis (6-hydroxyhexyloxy) biphenyl, bisphenol a ethoxylate, 1, 2-diaminopropane, 1, 2-diaminoethane.
Preferably, the inorganic iron salt is any one of ferroferric oxide, ferric sulfate and ferric chloride.
Preferably, the alkaline corrosive liquid is selected from one or a mixture of two of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and sodium methoxide.
Preferably, the concentration of the alkaline corrosive liquid is 1-3 mol/L.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the isopropyl titanate to the 1, 3-dioxolane solution is 45: 55.
by the technical scheme, the invention at least has the following advantages: according to the invention, the polymeric polyol is used as a raw material, the reaction is carried out under the action of the alumina serving as a catalyst, and then the chain extension reaction is carried out through the chain extender, so that the obtained high polymer material has good stability and is not easy to deform. The chain extension reaction condition of the invention is mild, the requirement on equipment is low, and the cost can be reduced to a certain extent. According to the invention, the nano zero-valent iron material and the high molecular polymer are compounded and soaked in the isopropyl titanate/1, 3-dioxolane solution, so that the specific surface area of the nano zero-valent iron can be increased, the polymerization of the nano zero-valent iron and the high molecular material is promoted, and the obtained heavy metal remover has stable properties and is not easy to deform. According to the invention, the nanometer zero-valent iron is taken as a basic active material, the nanometer zero-valent iron and a high polymer material are compounded together, and the high polymer material has the characteristics of stability and difficult deformation, so that after the nanometer zero-valent iron is combined with the polymer material, the binding site of the nanometer zero-valent iron is determined, the distance between two adjacent iron elements is fixed, the stability of the nanometer zero-valent iron is improved, and the formed remover can well avoid the defects that the single nanometer zero-valent iron is easy to agglomerate and unstable. The result shows that the remover has obvious effect of removing heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, arsenic, lead and nickel, and does not generate secondary pollution.
The foregoing is a summary of the present invention, and in order to provide a clear understanding of the technical means of the present invention and to be implemented in accordance with the present specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Mixing polylactic acid with the number average molecular weight of 150000 and isocyanate according to the mass ratio of 1: 3 under the action of alumina for 2 hours, then adding N-methyldiethanolamine and reacting for 50 minutes at 90 ℃ to obtain a first product. And (2) ball-milling ferroferric oxide by a high-energy ball mill, immersing the ferroferric oxide in a sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 2mol/L and introduced with nitrogen for 36 hours, washing the ferroferric oxide by using water with the oxygen dissolution amount of less than 0.5mg/L until the filtrate is neutral, and drying the filtrate in vacuum to obtain the nano zero-valent iron material. Mixing the first product with a nano zero-valent iron material according to a mass ratio of 1: 2, then soaking the mixture into isopropyl titanate/1, 3-dioxolane solution (the volume ratio of the isopropyl titanate to the 1, 3-dioxolane solution is 45: 55) for 5 days, and then filtering to obtain a second product; and calcining the obtained second product at 1100 ℃ for 5 hours in an argon atmosphere to obtain the heavy metal remover.
Example 2
Mixing polypropylene oxide with the number average molecular weight of 200000 and isocyanate according to the mass ratio of 1: 2 reacting for 1-3 hours under the action of alumina, then adding 1, 2-diaminoethane and reacting for 40 minutes at 80 ℃ to obtain a first product. And (2) carrying out ball milling on ferric sulfate by using a high-energy ball mill, soaking the ferric sulfate in a sodium methoxide solution with the nitrogen introduced and the concentration of 3mol/L for 24 hours, washing the ferric sulfate by using water with the oxygen dissolution amount of less than 0.5mg/L until the filtrate is neutral, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the nano zero-valent iron material. Mixing the first product with a nano zero-valent iron material according to a mass ratio of 1: 1, then soaking the mixture into isopropyl titanate/1, 3-dioxolane solution (the volume ratio of the isopropyl titanate to the 1, 3-dioxolane solution is 45: 55) for 5 days, and then filtering to obtain a second product; and calcining the obtained second product at 1100 ℃ for 5 hours in an argon atmosphere to obtain the heavy metal remover.
Example 3
Mixing polyvinyl chloride with the number average molecular weight of 100000 and isocyanate according to the mass ratio of 1: 5 under the action of alumina for 3 hours, then adding N-methyldiethanolamine and reacting for 40 minutes at 100 ℃ to obtain a first product. And (2) ball-milling ferric oxide by a high-energy ball mill, soaking the ferric oxide in a sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 1mol/L and introduced with nitrogen for 48 hours, washing the ferric oxide by using water with the oxygen dissolving amount of less than 0.5mg/L until the filtrate is neutral, and drying the ferric oxide in vacuum to obtain the nano zero-valent iron material. Mixing the first product with a nano zero-valent iron material according to a mass ratio of 1: 1, then soaking the mixture into isopropyl titanate/1, 3-dioxolane solution (the volume ratio of the isopropyl titanate to the 1, 3-dioxolane solution is 45: 55) for 5 days, and then filtering to obtain a second product; and calcining the obtained second product at 1200 ℃ for 5 hours in an argon atmosphere to obtain the heavy metal remover.
Example 4
Mixing polydiethylene glycol nonanedioic acid ester with the number average molecular weight of 200000 and isocyanate according to the mass ratio of 1: 3 for 3 hours under the action of alumina, then adding bisphenol A ethoxylate and reacting for 60 minutes at 90 ℃ to obtain a first product. And (2) ball-milling ferric chloride by using a high-energy ball mill, soaking the ferric chloride in a potassium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 3mol/L and introduced with nitrogen for 48 hours, washing the ferric chloride by using water with the oxygen dissolving amount of less than 0.5mg/L until the filtrate is neutral, and drying the ferric chloride in vacuum to obtain the nano zero-valent iron material. Mixing the first product with a nano zero-valent iron material according to a mass ratio of 1: 3, then soaking the mixture into isopropyl titanate/1, 3-dioxolane solution (the volume ratio of the isopropyl titanate to the 1, 3-dioxolane solution is 45: 55) for 5 days, and then filtering to obtain a second product; and calcining the obtained second product at 1200 ℃ for 4 hours in an argon atmosphere to obtain the heavy metal remover.
Example 5
Mixing polypropylene oxide with the number average molecular weight of 200000 and isocyanate according to the mass ratio of 1: 2 for 2 hours under the action of alumina, then adding bisphenol a ethoxylate and reacting for 30 minutes at 90 c to obtain the first product. And (2) carrying out ball milling on ferric sulfate by using a high-energy ball mill, soaking the ferric sulfate in a potassium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 3mol/L and introduced with nitrogen for 24 hours, washing the ferric sulfate by using water with the oxygen dissolution amount of less than 0.5mg/L until the filtrate is neutral, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the nano zero-valent iron material. Mixing the first product with a nano zero-valent iron material according to a mass ratio of 1: 2, then soaking the mixture into isopropyl titanate/1, 3-dioxolane solution (the volume ratio of the isopropyl titanate to the 1, 3-dioxolane solution is 45: 55) for 4 days, and then filtering to obtain a second product; and calcining the obtained second product at 1000 ℃ for 6 hours in an argon atmosphere to obtain the heavy metal remover.
Example 6
Mixing polybutylene adipate with the number average molecular weight of 100000 and isocyanate according to the mass ratio of 1: 5 for 3 hours under the action of alumina, then 1, 2-diaminopropane was added and reacted at 80 ℃ for 30 minutes to give a first product. And (2) carrying out ball milling on ferric sulfate by using a high-energy ball mill, soaking the ferric sulfate in a sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 2mol/L and introduced with nitrogen for 30 hours, washing the ferric sulfate by using water with the oxygen dissolution amount of less than 0.5mg/L until the filtrate is neutral, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the nano zero-valent iron material. Mixing the first product with a nano zero-valent iron material according to a mass ratio of 1: 2, then soaking the mixture into isopropyl titanate/1, 3-dioxolane solution (the volume ratio of the isopropyl titanate to the 1, 3-dioxolane solution is 45: 55) for 5 days, and then filtering to obtain a second product; and calcining the obtained second product at 1100 ℃ for 6 hours in an argon atmosphere to obtain the heavy metal remover.
Example 7
Polytetrahydrofuran with the number average molecular weight of 150000 and isocyanate are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 4 for 3 hours under the action of alumina, then adding N, N' -bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) isonicotinamide and reacting for 45 minutes at 80 ℃ to obtain a first product. And (2) ball-milling ferroferric oxide by a high-energy ball mill, immersing the ferroferric oxide in a sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 1mol/L and introduced with nitrogen for 40 hours, washing the ferroferric oxide by using water with the oxygen dissolution amount of less than 0.5mg/L until the filtrate is neutral, and drying the filtrate in vacuum to obtain the nano zero-valent iron material. Mixing the first product with a nano zero-valent iron material according to a mass ratio of 1: 3, then soaking the mixture into isopropyl titanate/1, 3-dioxolane solution (the volume ratio of the isopropyl titanate to the 1, 3-dioxolane solution is 45: 55) for 5 days, and then filtering to obtain a second product; and calcining the obtained second product at 1000 ℃ for 6 hours in an argon atmosphere to obtain the heavy metal remover.
Example 8
Mixing polyvinyl adipate with the number average molecular weight of 200000 and isocyanate according to the mass ratio of 1: 3 for 3 hours under the action of alumina, then 1, 2-diaminoethane is added and reacted at 100 ℃ for 60 minutes to obtain a first product. And (2) ball-milling ferroferric oxide by a high-energy ball mill, immersing the ball-milled ferroferric oxide in 2mol/L alkaline corrosive liquid introduced with nitrogen for 40 hours, washing the ball-milled ferroferric oxide by using water with the oxygen dissolving amount of less than 0.5mg/L until the filtrate is neutral, and drying the ball-milled ferroferric oxide in vacuum to obtain the nano zero-valent iron material. Mixing the first product with a nano zero-valent iron material according to a mass ratio of 1: 3, then soaking the mixture into isopropyl titanate/1, 3-dioxolane solution (the volume ratio of the isopropyl titanate to the 1, 3-dioxolane solution is 45: 55) for 5 days, and then filtering to obtain a second product; and calcining the obtained second product at 1000 ℃ for 6 hours in an argon atmosphere to obtain the heavy metal remover.
Test example 1 evaluation of heavy Metal removing Effect of heavy Metal remover on removal of heavy Metal ions in Sewage
Taking 200mL of simulated electroplating wastewater with the pH value of 2 and the contents of cadmium, chromium, arsenic, lead and nickel of 10mg/L respectively, adding 2mg of the heavy metal remover disclosed by the invention in the embodiments 1-8, stirring for 3 minutes, standing for 15 minutes, taking supernate, and detecting the content of heavy metal by adopting an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, wherein the specific data are shown in the following table 1
| Numbering | Cadmium (Cd) | Chromium (III) | Arsenic (As) | Lead (II) | Nickel (II) |
| Example 1 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.23 |
| Example 2 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.25 | 0.31 |
| Example 3 | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.26 |
| Example 4 | 0.07 | 0.21 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.10 |
| Example 5 | 0.21 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.19 |
| Example 6 | 0.11 | 0.30 | 0.21 | 0.46 | 0.25 |
| Example 7 | 0.15 | 0.27 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.33 |
| Example 8 | 0.09 | 1.0 | 0.19 | 0.12 | 0.31 |
The results in table 1 show that the heavy metal remover of the present invention can effectively remove heavy metal ions in wastewater, and has an obvious effect.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method of preparing a heavy metal removal formulation, the method comprising the steps of:
mixing a polyol and isocyanate according to a mass ratio of 1: (1-5) reacting for 1-3 hours under the action of aluminum oxide, then adding a chain extender, and reacting for 30-60 minutes at 80-100 ℃ to obtain a first product;
ball-milling inorganic ferric salt by a high-energy ball mill, soaking the inorganic ferric salt in alkaline corrosive liquid with introduced nitrogen for 24-48 hours, washing the inorganic ferric salt by using water with oxygen dissolving capacity lower than 0.5mg/L until filtrate is neutral, and drying the inorganic ferric salt in vacuum to obtain a nano zero-valent iron material;
mixing the first product with a nano zero-valent iron material according to a mass ratio of 1: (1-3), then soaking the mixture into isopropyl titanate/1, 3-dioxolane solution for 4-5 days, and then filtering to obtain a second product;
and calcining the obtained second product for 4-6 hours at 1000-1200 ℃ in an inert atmosphere to obtain the heavy metal remover.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the number average molecular weight of the polymeric polyol is 100000 to 200000.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymeric polyol is selected from any one of polyvinyl adipate, polylactic acid, polytetrahydrofuran, polybutylene adipate, polydiethylene glycol azelate, polycaprolactone polyol, polypropylene oxide, and polyvinyl chloride.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the chain extender is selected from any one of N, N '-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) isonicotinamide, N-methyldiethanolamine, 4' -bis (6-hydroxyhexyloxy) biphenyl, bisphenol A ethoxylate, 1, 2-diaminopropane, and 1, 2-diaminoethane.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic iron salt is any one of ferroferric oxide, ferric sulfate and ferric chloride.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the alkaline corrosive solution is one or a mixture of two selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and sodium methoxide.
7. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the alkaline etching solution is 1-3 mol/L.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of isopropyl titanate to 1, 3-dioxolane solution is 45: 55.
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