CN112549216A - Preparation method of flame-retardant plywood - Google Patents

Preparation method of flame-retardant plywood Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112549216A
CN112549216A CN202011414548.2A CN202011414548A CN112549216A CN 112549216 A CN112549216 A CN 112549216A CN 202011414548 A CN202011414548 A CN 202011414548A CN 112549216 A CN112549216 A CN 112549216A
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flame
veneer
retardant
plywood
drying
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CN112549216B (en
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潘明珠
陆弘毅
张帅
梅长彤
徐信武
黄润州
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Nanjing Forestry University
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Nanjing Forestry University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
    • B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
    • B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
    • B27D1/08—Manufacture of shaped articles; Presses specially designed therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
    • B27G11/00—Applying adhesives or glue to surfaces of wood to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/0207—Pretreatment of wood before impregnation
    • B27K3/0214—Drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/12—Impregnating by coating the surface of the wood with an impregnating paste
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/04—Combined bleaching or impregnating and drying of wood

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Veneer Processing And Manufacture Of Plywood (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a flame-retardant plywood, and relates to the technical field of artificial boards. The invention constructs a flame-retardant layer on the surface of a wood veneer by using the electrostatic interaction between anion polyelectrolyte and cation polyelectrolyte through a layer-by-layer self-assembly technology, and prepares the flame-retardant plywood by processes of gluing, hot pressing and the like. The preparation method of the flame-retardant plywood comprises the steps that the Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) of the plywood prepared by the method is up to 33-43%, the bonding strength is up to 0.75-1.25 MPa, the bonding strength requirement standard (0.7MPa) of the class II plywood specified by GB/T9846 + 2015 common plywood is met, the addition amount of the flame retardant is only 3-13%, efficient flame retardance is realized, the method can be quickly adapted to the production process and the process of the existing plywood, and the market popularization value is good.

Description

Preparation method of flame-retardant plywood
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of artificial boards, in particular to a preparation method of a flame-retardant plywood.
Background
The plywood is a kind of artificial board made up by using wood single board through the processes of applying adhesive, assembling, prepressing and hot-pressing, in 2018, its yield is 17898 ten thousand m3Accounting for 60% of the total yield of the artificial board. The plywood is mainly used for furniture, decoration, markets, transportation and other occasions, the plywood belongs to combustible materials and is easy to cause fire, and due to the implementation of national standard GB20286-2006 flame-retardant products and component combustion performance requirements and marks in public places, the plywood entering the public places must have corresponding flame retardant performance grades, the flame retardant performance of the plywood can be effectively improved by carrying out flame retardant treatment on the plywood, the function and application range of the plywood are expanded, and the flame retardant treatment of the plywood is mainly carried out by the following three modes:
1. the method comprises the steps of impregnating a wood veneer with a flame retardant solution with a certain concentration directly by a normal pressure impregnation or pressure impregnation method, and then preparing the veneer through drying, gluing, assembling, prepressing, hot pressing and the like, or directly impregnating the veneer, wherein the veneer obtained by the method has good flame retardant property, but the defect that the impregnated flame retardant solution can change the physicochemical property of the veneer or a glue layer, can generate certain adverse effect on the gluing property, and the flame retardant solution is large in quantity, and the patent CN 101412231B disclosed by the invention prepares the flame retardant veneer by impregnating the veneer with the flame retardant, but the concentration of the used flame retardant solution is high, and the cost of raw materials is increased.
2. The adhesive containing the flame retardant is used, the flame retardant and other additives are added into the wood adhesive in a blending mode, the method is simple and convenient to operate, the flame retardant performance can be directly obtained in the preparation process of the plywood, the defect is that the flame retardant can generate negative effects on the physicochemical property and the bonding performance of the adhesive, the flame retardant only exists in a glue layer, the overall flame retardant effect of the plywood is poor, the flame retardant is prepared by using the melamine derivative and the boron-containing compound in the patent CN 101892020B, the flame retardant is added into the adhesive, and the flame-retardant plywood is prepared, however, the patent does not explain that the bonding strength of the flame-retardant plywood can reach the requirement of 0.7MPa for the strength of.
3. The surface is coated with a flame retardant solution or covered with a flame retardant material, the flame retardant solution with a certain concentration is used for carrying out flame retardant treatment on the surface of the plywood in a coating or spraying mode, or a material with flame retardant property is attached to the surface of the plywood, so that the surface flame retardant effect is obtained.
Therefore, the invention constructs a flame-retardant layer on the surface of the wood veneer by using the electrostatic interaction between the anionic polyelectrolyte and the cationic polyelectrolyte through the layer-by-layer self-assembly technology, and prepares the flame-retardant plywood through processes of gluing, hot pressing and the like, thereby solving the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a flame-retardant plywood, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of flame-retardant plywood comprises the following steps:
s1, wood veneer surface treatment: performing frosting treatment on the surface of the wood veneer to remove impurities, thereby obtaining a smooth and clean wood veneer;
s2, drying the wood veneer: drying the smooth and clean wood veneer obtained in the step S1;
s3, preparation of flame retardant: preparing a phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte: preparing 0.9-1.2% aqueous solution of phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte; preparing amine cationic polyelectrolyte: preparing an amine cationic polyelectrolyte aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.9-1.2%;
s4, construction of the veneer surface flame-retardant layer: spraying amine cationic polyelectrolyte aqueous solution on the surface of the veneer dried in the step S2, drying, spraying phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte aqueous solution on the surface of the veneer, and drying to complete the assembly of a flame-retardant layer;
s5, assembling a plurality of flame-retardant layers: repeating the step S4 to complete the assembly of 3-16 flame-retardant layers;
s6, drying the flame-retardant veneer: drying the veneer obtained in the step 5 until the water content is 6-10%;
s7, gluing the flame-retardant veneer: gluing the flame-retardant veneer dried in the step S6, and applying an adhesive on the surface of the flame-retardant veneer in any one of a spraying mode and a roll coating mode;
s8, sizing veneer prepressing treatment: assembling and prepressing the sizing single plate, wherein the prepressing pressure is 1.0-1.2MPa, and the time is 10-20 min;
s9, hot-pressing the plate: hot-pressing the slab pre-pressed in the step S8;
s10, obtaining the flame-retardant plywood: and (5) cooling, edge cutting and sanding the plate blank subjected to hot pressing in the step S9 to obtain the flame-retardant plywood.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S1, the surface of the wood veneer is sanded, and the wood veneer is sanded along the wood grain during sanding.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S2, the wood veneer is dried to a moisture content of 6-8%.
In step S3, the aqueous solution of the phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte is adjusted by using 1mol/L NaOH to adjust the PH to 9 to 9.5, and the aqueous solution of the amine-based cationic polyelectrolyte is adjusted by using 1mol/L HCl to adjust the PH to 9 to 9.5.
In step S3, the phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte is selected from ammonium polyphosphate and sodium polyphosphate, and the amine-based cationic polyelectrolyte is selected from polyethyleneimine, polyvinylamine and polydopamine.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S4, the surface of the veneer is sprayed with the amine cationic polyelectrolyte aqueous solution and then dried, the veneer is dried at 50-60 ℃ for 20-30min, the surface of the veneer is sprayed with the phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte aqueous solution and then dried, and the veneer is dried at 50-60 ℃ for 20-30 min.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S7, when the flame-retardant veneer is subjected to glue application treatment, the glue application amount is 320g/m with the double sides of 260-2。
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S7, the adhesive is urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive or melamine modified urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S9, when the plate blank is hot-pressed, the hot-pressing pressure is 1.2-1.5MPa, and the time is 6-8 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of the flame-retardant plywood, which has the following beneficial effects:
the preparation method of the flame-retardant plywood comprises the steps that the Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) of the plywood prepared by the method is up to 33-43%, the bonding strength is up to 0.75-1.25 MPa, the bonding strength requirement standard (0.7MPa) of the class II plywood specified by GB/T9846 + 2015 common plywood is met, the addition amount of the flame retardant is only 3-13%, efficient flame retardance is realized, the method can be quickly adapted to the production process and the process of the existing plywood, and the market popularization value is good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for manufacturing a flame-retardant plywood according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a layer-by-layer self-assembly structure of a flame-retardant plywood prepared by the method.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The current untreated plywood on the market has the limiting oxygen index of 28.2 percent and the bonding strength of 1.30 MPa.
The first embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. 1-2, the invention discloses a method for preparing a flame-retardant plywood, comprising the following steps:
s1, wood veneer surface treatment: carrying out sanding treatment on the surface of the wood veneer to remove impurities, and sanding along wood grains during sanding to obtain a smooth and clean wood veneer;
s2, drying the wood veneer: drying the smooth and clean wood veneer obtained in the step S1 until the water content is 6-8%;
s3, preparation of flame retardant: preparing a phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte: preparing 0.9-1.2% aqueous solution of phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte, and adjusting the aqueous solution to a pH value of 9-9.5 by using 1mol/L NaOH, wherein the phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte is selected from ammonium polyphosphate and sodium polyphosphate; preparing amine cationic polyelectrolyte: preparing an aqueous solution of amine cationic polyelectrolyte with the concentration of 0.9-1.2%, and adjusting by using 1mol/L HCl to ensure that the pH value is 9-9.5, wherein the amine cationic polyelectrolyte is selected from polyethyleneimine, polyvinylamine and polydopamine;
s4, construction of the veneer surface flame-retardant layer: spraying amine cationic polyelectrolyte aqueous solution on the surface of the veneer dried in the step S2, drying at 50-60 ℃ for 20-30min, spraying phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte aqueous solution on the surface of the veneer, drying, and drying at 50-60 ℃ for 20-30min to finish the assembly of a flame-retardant layer;
s5, assembling a plurality of flame-retardant layers: repeating the step S4 to complete the assembly of the 3 flame-retardant layers;
s6, drying the flame-retardant veneer: drying the veneer obtained in the step 5 until the water content is 6-10%;
s7, gluing the flame-retardant veneer: the flame-retardant veneer dried in the step S6 is subjected to gluing treatment, and the gluing amount is 320g/m with the double sides of 260-2The adhesive is urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive or melamine modified urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive, and the adhesive is sprayed or rolledAny one of the methods is applied on the surface of the flame-retardant veneer;
s8, sizing veneer prepressing treatment: assembling and prepressing the sizing single plate, wherein the prepressing pressure is 1.0-1.2MPa, and the time is 10-20 min;
s9, hot-pressing the plate: hot-pressing the plate blank pre-pressed in the step S8, wherein the hot-pressing pressure is 1.2-1.5MPa, and the time is 6-8 min;
s10, obtaining the flame-retardant plywood: and (5) cooling, edge cutting and sanding the plate blank subjected to hot pressing in the step S9 to obtain the flame-retardant plywood.
Example one performance test showed: the limiting oxygen index of the plywood is 33.3 percent, and the bonding strength is 1.25 MPa.
Example two:
referring to fig. 1-2, the invention discloses a method for preparing a flame-retardant plywood, comprising the following steps:
s1, wood veneer surface treatment: carrying out sanding treatment on the surface of the wood veneer to remove impurities, and sanding along wood grains during sanding to obtain a smooth and clean wood veneer;
s2, drying the wood veneer: drying the smooth and clean wood veneer obtained in the step S1 until the water content is 6-8%;
s3, preparation of flame retardant: preparing a phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte: preparing 0.9-1.2% aqueous solution of phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte, and adjusting the aqueous solution to a pH value of 9-9.5 by using 1mol/L NaOH, wherein the phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte is selected from ammonium polyphosphate and sodium polyphosphate; preparing amine cationic polyelectrolyte: preparing an aqueous solution of amine cationic polyelectrolyte with the concentration of 0.9-1.2%, and adjusting by using 1mol/L HCl to ensure that the pH value is 9-9.5, wherein the amine cationic polyelectrolyte is selected from polyethyleneimine, polyvinylamine and polydopamine;
s4, construction of the veneer surface flame-retardant layer: spraying amine cationic polyelectrolyte aqueous solution on the surface of the veneer dried in the step S2, drying at 50-60 ℃ for 20-30min, spraying phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte aqueous solution on the surface of the veneer, drying, and drying at 50-60 ℃ for 20-30min to finish the assembly of a flame-retardant layer;
s5, assembling a plurality of flame-retardant layers: repeating the step S4 to complete the assembly of the 5 flame-retardant layers;
s6, drying the flame-retardant veneer: drying the veneer obtained in the step 5 until the water content is 6-10%;
s7, gluing the flame-retardant veneer: the flame-retardant veneer dried in the step S6 is subjected to gluing treatment, and the gluing amount is 320g/m with the double sides of 260-2The adhesive is urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive or melamine modified urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive, and is applied on the surface of the flame-retardant veneer in any one of spraying and roller coating;
s8, sizing veneer prepressing treatment: assembling and prepressing the sizing single plate, wherein the prepressing pressure is 1.0-1.2MPa, and the time is 10-20 min;
s9, hot-pressing the plate: hot-pressing the plate blank pre-pressed in the step S8, wherein the hot-pressing pressure is 1.2-1.5MPa, and the time is 6-8 min;
s10, obtaining the flame-retardant plywood: and (5) cooling, edge cutting and sanding the plate blank subjected to hot pressing in the step S9 to obtain the flame-retardant plywood.
The performance test of example two shows that: the limiting oxygen index of the plywood is 34.8 percent, and the bonding strength is 1.20 MPa.
Example three:
referring to fig. 1-2, the invention discloses a method for preparing a flame-retardant plywood, comprising the following steps:
s1, wood veneer surface treatment: carrying out sanding treatment on the surface of the wood veneer to remove impurities, and sanding along wood grains during sanding to obtain a smooth and clean wood veneer;
s2, drying the wood veneer: drying the smooth and clean wood veneer obtained in the step S1 until the water content is 6-8%;
s3, preparation of flame retardant: preparing a phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte: preparing 0.9-1.2% aqueous solution of phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte, and adjusting the aqueous solution to a pH value of 9-9.5 by using 1mol/L NaOH, wherein the phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte is selected from ammonium polyphosphate and sodium polyphosphate; preparing amine cationic polyelectrolyte: preparing an aqueous solution of amine cationic polyelectrolyte with the concentration of 0.9-1.2%, and adjusting by using 1mol/L HCl to ensure that the pH value is 9-9.5, wherein the amine cationic polyelectrolyte is selected from polyethyleneimine, polyvinylamine and polydopamine;
s4, construction of the veneer surface flame-retardant layer: spraying amine cationic polyelectrolyte aqueous solution on the surface of the veneer dried in the step S2, drying at 50-60 ℃ for 20-30min, spraying phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte aqueous solution on the surface of the veneer, drying, and drying at 50-60 ℃ for 20-30min to finish the assembly of a flame-retardant layer;
s5, assembling a plurality of flame-retardant layers: repeating the step S4 to complete the assembly of 10 flame-retardant layers;
s6, drying the flame-retardant veneer: drying the veneer obtained in the step 5 until the water content is 6-10%;
s7, gluing the flame-retardant veneer: the flame-retardant veneer dried in the step S6 is subjected to gluing treatment, and the gluing amount is 320g/m with the double sides of 260-2The adhesive is urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive or melamine modified urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive, and is applied on the surface of the flame-retardant veneer in any one of spraying and roller coating;
s8, sizing veneer prepressing treatment: assembling and prepressing the sizing single plate, wherein the prepressing pressure is 1.0-1.2MPa, and the time is 10-20 min;
s9, hot-pressing the plate: hot-pressing the plate blank pre-pressed in the step S8, wherein the hot-pressing pressure is 1.2-1.5MPa, and the time is 6-8 min;
s10, obtaining the flame-retardant plywood: and (5) cooling, edge cutting and sanding the plate blank subjected to hot pressing in the step S9 to obtain the flame-retardant plywood.
Example three performance tests show that: the limiting oxygen index of the plywood is 37.4 percent, and the bonding strength is 0.91 MPa.
Example four:
referring to fig. 1-2, the invention discloses a method for preparing a flame-retardant plywood, comprising the following steps:
s1, wood veneer surface treatment: carrying out sanding treatment on the surface of the wood veneer to remove impurities, and sanding along wood grains during sanding to obtain a smooth and clean wood veneer;
s2, drying the wood veneer: drying the smooth and clean wood veneer obtained in the step S1 until the water content is 6-8%;
s3, preparation of flame retardant: preparing a phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte: preparing 0.9-1.2% aqueous solution of phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte, and adjusting the aqueous solution to a pH value of 9-9.5 by using 1mol/L NaOH, wherein the phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte is selected from ammonium polyphosphate and sodium polyphosphate; preparing amine cationic polyelectrolyte: preparing an aqueous solution of amine cationic polyelectrolyte with the concentration of 0.9-1.2%, and adjusting by using 1mol/L HCl to ensure that the pH value is 9-9.5, wherein the amine cationic polyelectrolyte is selected from polyethyleneimine, polyvinylamine and polydopamine;
s4, construction of the veneer surface flame-retardant layer: spraying amine cationic polyelectrolyte aqueous solution on the surface of the veneer dried in the step S2, drying at 50-60 ℃ for 20-30min, spraying phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte aqueous solution on the surface of the veneer, drying, and drying at 50-60 ℃ for 20-30min to finish the assembly of a flame-retardant layer;
s5, assembling a plurality of flame-retardant layers: repeating the step S4 to complete the assembly of 15 flame-retardant layers;
s6, drying the flame-retardant veneer: drying the veneer obtained in the step 5 until the water content is 6-10%;
s7, gluing the flame-retardant veneer: the flame-retardant veneer dried in the step S6 is subjected to gluing treatment, and the gluing amount is 320g/m with the double sides of 260-2The adhesive is urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive or melamine modified urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive, and is applied on the surface of the flame-retardant veneer in any one of spraying and roller coating;
s8, sizing veneer prepressing treatment: assembling and prepressing the sizing single plate, wherein the prepressing pressure is 1.0-1.2MPa, and the time is 10-20 min;
s9, hot-pressing the plate: hot-pressing the plate blank pre-pressed in the step S8, wherein the hot-pressing pressure is 1.2-1.5MPa, and the time is 6-8 min;
s10, obtaining the flame-retardant plywood: and (5) cooling, edge cutting and sanding the plate blank subjected to hot pressing in the step S9 to obtain the flame-retardant plywood.
Example four performance tests show that: the limiting oxygen index of the plywood is 43.0 percent, and the bonding strength is 0.75MPa
And (4) judging the standard: example one assembly with 3 flame retardant layers; example two employs the assembly of 5 flame retardant layers; example three, the assembly of 10 flame retardant layers was used; example four the assembly of 15 flame retardant layers was used; through performance tests, the best embodiment of the limiting oxygen index and the bonding strength of the plywood is the fourth embodiment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the preparation method of the flame-retardant plywood comprises the steps that the Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) of the plywood prepared by the method is up to 33-43%, the bonding strength is up to 0.75-1.25 MPa, the bonding strength requirement standard (0.7MPa) of the class II plywood specified by GB/T9846 + 2015 common plywood is met, the addition amount of the flame retardant is only 3-13%, efficient flame retardance is realized, the method can be quickly adapted to the production process and the process of the existing plywood, and the market popularization value is good.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (9)

1. The preparation method of the flame-retardant plywood is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, wood veneer surface treatment: performing frosting treatment on the surface of the wood veneer to remove impurities, thereby obtaining a smooth and clean wood veneer;
s2, drying the wood veneer: drying the smooth and clean wood veneer obtained in the step S1;
s3, preparation of flame retardant: preparing a phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte: preparing 0.9-1.2% aqueous solution of phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte; preparing amine cationic polyelectrolyte: preparing an amine cationic polyelectrolyte aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.9-1.2%;
s4, construction of the veneer surface flame-retardant layer: spraying amine cationic polyelectrolyte aqueous solution on the surface of the veneer dried in the step S2, drying, spraying phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte aqueous solution on the surface of the veneer, and drying to complete the assembly of a flame-retardant layer;
s5, assembling a plurality of flame-retardant layers: repeating the step S4 to complete the assembly of 3-16 flame-retardant layers;
s6, drying the flame-retardant veneer: drying the veneer obtained in the step 5 until the water content is 6-10%;
s7, gluing the flame-retardant veneer: gluing the flame-retardant veneer dried in the step S6, and applying an adhesive on the surface of the flame-retardant veneer in any one of a spraying mode and a roll coating mode;
s8, sizing veneer prepressing treatment: assembling and prepressing the sizing single plate, wherein the prepressing pressure is 1.0-1.2MPa, and the time is 10-20 min;
s9, hot-pressing the plate: hot-pressing the slab pre-pressed in the step S8;
s10, obtaining the flame-retardant plywood: and (5) cooling, edge cutting and sanding the plate blank subjected to hot pressing in the step S9 to obtain the flame-retardant plywood.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the surface of the wood veneer is sanded, and the wood grain is sanded.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the wood veneer is dried to a moisture content of 6-8%.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the aqueous solution of phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte is adjusted with 1mol/L NaOH to achieve a PH of 9-9.5, and the aqueous solution of amine-based cationic polyelectrolyte is adjusted with 1mol/L HCl to achieve a PH of 9-9.5.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte is selected from ammonium polyphosphate and sodium polyphosphate, and the amine-based cationic polyelectrolyte is selected from polyethyleneimine, polyvinylamine and polydopamine.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S4, the surface of the veneer is dried after being sprayed with the amine cationic polyelectrolyte aqueous solution, the veneer is dried at 50-60 ℃ for 20-30min, the surface of the veneer is sprayed with the phosphorus-containing anionic polyelectrolyte aqueous solution for drying, and the veneer is dried at 50-60 ℃ for 20-30 min.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S7, the glue amount applied during the glue treatment of the fire-retardant veneer is 320g/m with a double-sided 260-2。
8. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S7, the adhesive is urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive or melamine-modified urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S9, the hot pressing pressure is 1.2-1.5MPa, and the time is 6-8 min.
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