CN112547217A - Device and method for drying fruit and vegetable materials through superheated steam flash evaporation and crushing - Google Patents
Device and method for drying fruit and vegetable materials through superheated steam flash evaporation and crushing Download PDFInfo
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- CN112547217A CN112547217A CN202011428580.6A CN202011428580A CN112547217A CN 112547217 A CN112547217 A CN 112547217A CN 202011428580 A CN202011428580 A CN 202011428580A CN 112547217 A CN112547217 A CN 112547217A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N12/00—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts
- A23N12/08—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts for drying or roasting
- A23N12/083—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts for drying or roasting with stirring, vibrating or grinding devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
- B02C13/18—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/26—Details
- B02C13/282—Shape or inner surface of mill-housings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/26—Details
- B02C13/282—Shape or inner surface of mill-housings
- B02C13/284—Built-in screens
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/06—Jet mills
- B02C19/068—Jet mills of the fluidised-bed type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/10—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone
- B02C23/12—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone with return of oversize material to crushing or disintegrating zone
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
- F26B11/12—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in stationary drums or other mainly-closed receptacles with moving stirring devices
- F26B11/14—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in stationary drums or other mainly-closed receptacles with moving stirring devices the stirring device moving in a horizontal or slightly-inclined plane
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/005—Drying-steam generating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/10—Temperature; Pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/04—Agitating, stirring, or scraping devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/22—Controlling the drying process in dependence on liquid content of solid materials or objects
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
- B02C2013/145—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with fast rotating vanes generating vortexes effecting material on material impact
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for crushing and drying fruit and vegetable materials by superheated steam flash evaporation, wherein the device comprises a superheated steam generation system, a flash evaporation tank, a drying tank, a gas-solid separation and material receiving system, a waste heat recovery system, a gas filtration system and a vacuum system. The device and the method are suitable for high-viscosity high-humidity fruit and vegetable materials such as pulp, paste and filter cake, and have the advantages of high drying and crushing speed, high efficiency, energy conservation and low production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of food processing, and particularly relates to a device and a method for crushing and drying fruit and vegetable materials by superheated steam flash evaporation.
Background
China is the first major country of production and consumption of fruits and vegetables in the world, is the planting industry which has the greatest contribution to dominating income increase of rural residents in China, and the fruit and vegetable production and supply are the most industries of practitioners in China. In recent years, the fruit and vegetable industry in China develops rapidly, the planting area of fruits is stabilized to be more than 1.5 hundred million mu, and the annual output is more than 2.5 hundred million tons; the vegetable planting area is stabilized to be more than 3.0 hundred million mu, and the annual output is more than 7.0 hundred million tons. Due to the remarkable characteristic of high humidity and easy corrosion of the fruit and vegetable materials, the processing, the storage and the transportation of the fruit and vegetable materials are greatly limited. In order to reduce the loss and waste of fruit and vegetable resources, prolong the shelf life of fruit and vegetable products, and facilitate the long-term storage and the use of the fruit and vegetable products at any time, the fruit and vegetable products are often required to be dried in food processing. Common drying modes of fruit and vegetable materials comprise natural drying, high-temperature hot air drying, low-temperature freeze drying and the like. The traditional sun drying and shade drying method has long drying time and poor sanitary condition, and the color and the quality of the fruits and vegetables are influenced by excessive exposure. The general temperature of hot air drying is higher, so that the energy consumption is higher, and more importantly, the heat-sensitive nutrient components in the fruits and vegetables are easily lost, and the color and the quality are easily reduced. Although the freeze drying method avoids the thermal degradation of the nutrient components of the fruit and vegetable materials, the drying cost and equipment cost of bulk fruit and vegetable products and fruit and vegetable processing solid wastes are high. Therefore, the development of the novel drying processing technology of the fruit and vegetable materials has very important significance for improving the fine and deep processing proportion of the fruit and vegetable raw materials, expanding the application range of fruit and vegetable products, improving the added value of the fruit and vegetable products, prolonging the fruit and vegetable processing industrial chain and the like.
Through searching, no patent publication related to the present patent application has been found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a device and a method for crushing and drying fruit and vegetable materials by superheated steam flash evaporation.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a device for crushing and drying fruit and vegetable materials by superheated steam flash evaporation comprises a superheated steam generation system, a flash evaporation tank, a drying tank, a gas-solid separation and material receiving system, a waste heat recovery system and a gas filtering system which are sequentially connected, wherein the superheated steam generation system is also connected with the drying tank and the waste heat recovery system respectively; the device also comprises a vacuum system, wherein the vacuum system is respectively connected with the flash tank and the drying tank and can carry out vacuum pumping operation on the flash tank and the drying tank;
the superheated steam production system can produce superheated steam, the flash tank can soften, dry material, the drying cabinet can be dry, smash the material, gas-solid separation and receipts material system can carry out the gas-solid separation operation, waste heat recovery system can retrieve the gas's that gas-solid separation and receipts material system separated waste heat, and the waste heat of recovery can be used for the heating operation of superheated steam production system, gas filtration system can filter the tail gas of waste heat recovery system production with discharge to reach standard.
Moreover, the superheated steam generation system comprises a gas outlet; the flash tank comprises a flash tank body, a flash tank air inlet pipeline, a flash tank feed valve, a flash tank discharge valve and a buffer pipeline, the drying tank comprises a drying tank body, a drying tank air inlet pipeline, a drying tank exhaust pipeline, a stirrer, an airflow distributor, a grading ring and a drying tank top discharge hole, the gas-solid separation and material collection system comprises a cyclone separator, a material collecting device and a rotary discharger, the gas filtration system comprises a dust remover and an induced draft fan, and the vacuum system comprises a flash tank vacuum pump and a drying tank vacuum pump;
the flash tank body is connected with a flash tank inlet pipeline, a flash tank inlet valve, a flash tank discharge valve and a flash tank vacuum pump, and the flash tank inlet valve is arranged at the top of the flash tank body; the drying tank body is connected with a drying tank exhaust pipeline, an airflow distributor and a drying tank vacuum pump, the top of the drying tank body is communicated with a drying tank top discharge hole, a stirrer is coaxially connected and arranged in the drying tank body, a grading ring is connected and arranged in the drying tank body above the stirrer, the grading ring can limit the particle size of dried material particles, and the drying tank top discharge hole is arranged above the grading ring; the top of the cyclone separator is provided with an air outlet, the bottom of the cyclone separator is provided with a discharge outlet, the cyclone separator on one side of the air outlet is also provided with an inlet, and the cyclone separator is connected with a material receiving device through the discharge outlet and a rotary discharger;
the gas outlet of the superheated steam generation system is connected with the gas inlet pipeline of the flash tank, and the gas outlet of the superheated steam generation system is also connected with the gas flow distributor through the gas inlet pipeline of the drying tank; the flash tank body is connected with the drying tank body through a flash tank discharge valve and a buffer pipeline; the utility model discloses a dust remover, including drying cylinder, cyclone, waste heat recovery system, exhaust gas outlet, the setting is connected with cyclone's import through drying cylinder exhaust pipe, and this cyclone's gas outlet is connected with waste heat recovery system's air inlet and is set up, and this waste heat recovery system's export includes waste heat export and tail gas export, and this waste heat export is connected with superheated steam production system and is set up, and this tail gas export is connected with the air inlet of dust remover and sets up, and the gas.
And the flash tank discharge valve is a pneumatic discharge ball valve.
And the flash tank vacuum pump is used for vacuumizing the flash tank before the flash tank enters air, and the drying tank vacuum pump is used for vacuumizing the drying tank before the flash tank releases pressure.
The bottom of the tank body of the drying tank is of a conical structure, a stirrer of the drying tank comprises a motor connected with a stirring rotating shaft, an impeller and a scraper arranged at one end of the impeller, and the motor connected with the stirring rotating shaft is connected with the impeller; the outer side of the bottom of the drying tank body is coaxially connected with an air flow distributor which is in a ring shape.
The material device also comprises a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a flow velocity measuring device and a control system, wherein the superheated steam generating system, the flash tank, the drying tank and the waste heat recovery system are connected with the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor, and the flash tank air inlet pipeline and the drying tank air inlet pipeline are connected with the flow velocity measuring device;
the control system is connected with the superheated steam generation system, the flash tank, the drying tank, the gas-solid separation and material receiving system, the waste heat recovery system, the gas filtering system and the vacuum system, and can control the actions of the superheated steam generation system, the flash tank, the drying tank, the gas-solid separation and material receiving system, the waste heat recovery system, the gas filtering system and the vacuum system.
The method for crushing and drying the fruit and vegetable materials by using the superheated steam flash evaporation of the material device realizes continuous crushing and drying operation of the materials by instant pressure relief flash evaporation and convection drying crushing of the superheated steam, and comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the steps of crushing materials after dust and impurities are removed, and adjusting the water content to be less than or equal to 70%;
placing the material in a flash tank body, and introducing superheated steam with certain pressure after vacuumizing the tank body; the temperature and the pressure of the superheated steam in the tank body are adjusted by controlling the flow rate of the inlet air, the temperature in the tank body is kept at 250 ℃, the pressure is 0.2-1.5MPa, and the drying time is less than or equal to 0.5 h; then, instantaneously discharging the pressure in the flash tank, exploding the material into a vacuum drying tank, and controlling the pressure release time to be less than 1 s; the material is dried and crushed at one time;
thirdly, superheated steam is introduced into the tank body of the drying tank, gas enters from the side face of the bottom of the tank body in a tangential manner, a powerful cyclone field is formed under the driving of a bottom stirrer, and materials are subjected to secondary crushing and drying under the action of high-speed stirring and cyclone; the particle size of the dried product is adjusted by controlling the flow rate of the superheated steam, the rotating speed of the stirring shaft and the inner diameter of the grading ring; the temperature in the drying tank body is kept at 250 ℃ and the pressure is 0.2-1.5MPa, and the drying time is less than or equal to 0.5 h;
fourthly, the dried materials meeting the requirements are carried by the airflow to enter a cyclone separator, gas-solid separation is carried out on the high-temperature gas containing the powder, a powder product is obtained, and the water content of the dried product is below 5%;
and recovering the waste heat of the high-temperature gas, using the recovered waste heat as a heat source or supplementing raw steam, and discharging the tail gas meeting the environmental protection requirement from the induced draft fan.
The method for crushing and drying the fruit and vegetable materials by using the superheated steam flash evaporation of the material device realizes continuous crushing and drying operation of the materials by instant pressure relief flash evaporation and convection drying crushing of the superheated steam, and comprises the following steps of:
firstly, a superheated steam generating system is opened to heat and generate superheated steam at 120-250 ℃;
secondly, starting a flash tank feeding valve of the flash tank to feed materials, starting a flash tank vacuum pump to vacuumize the closed flash tank body, introducing superheated steam to the temperature of 120 ℃ and the temperature of 250 ℃, keeping the pressure of 0.2-1.5MPa, and keeping heating, softening and drying the materials, wherein the drying time is less than or equal to 0.5 h; meanwhile, a vacuum pump of the drying tank is started to vacuumize the tank body of the closed drying tank, then a discharge valve of the flash tank is quickly opened, and gas-solid substances flow through a buffer pipeline due to pressure difference of the two tanks and are instantaneously sprayed and exploded into the tank body of the drying tank; then, closing a discharge valve of the flash tank, introducing superheated steam with the temperature of 120-250 ℃ and the pressure of 0.2-1.5Mpa into the drying tank body, enabling the superheated steam to enter the drying tank body through an airflow distributor in a tangential distribution manner, and simultaneously, opening a tank bottom stirrer to further perform the functions of centrifuging, shearing and crushing the materials so as to enable the materials to be fully contacted with the superheated steam; the material is in a fluidized state under the action of high-speed rotating superheated steam in the drying tank body, the surfaces of particles are completely exposed in the superheated steam rotational flow, and are mutually collided and rubbed to be crushed into spherical or irregular particles with smaller volume, and meanwhile, the surface moisture is evaporated to achieve the drying effect; fine materials pass through the grading ring under the action of the rotating airflow, and coarse materials move upwards around the wall of the tank and collide with the grading ring to fall down for re-drying until the drying quality requirement is met;
and finally, the fine materials are collected by the material receiving device after being subjected to gas-solid separation by the cyclone separator, the gas is subjected to latent heat recovery by the waste heat recovery system and is used for heating the superheated steam generation system, and the tail gas is treated by the dust removal filtering device and then is discharged by the induced draft fan according with the environmental protection requirement.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the device and the method of the invention use the superheated steam as the medium to carry out continuous drying and crushing integrated operation on the fruit and vegetable materials, in particular to the fruit and vegetable processing solid waste, thereby having high efficiency and energy saving, realizing high-efficiency energy-saving flash evaporation crushing and drying on the fruit and vegetable materials, and using the superheated steam as the crushing and drying medium, having high heat mass transfer speed and high drying efficiency; no oxygen is involved, the uniformity of the product is improved, and the drying quality is good; the latent heat of the steam is fully recovered, and the drying energy consumption is low; the method is suitable for high-viscosity high-humidity fruit and vegetable materials such as pulp, paste, filter cake and the like and solid wastes for processing the fruit and vegetable.
2. The method comprises the steps of placing fruit and vegetable materials in a vacuum flash tank, introducing superheated steam into the vacuum flash tank for treatment for a period of time, instantly flashing and spraying the fruit and vegetable materials into the vacuum drying tank, and then realizing the integrated functions of crushing, drying and sterilizing through high-speed stirring and superheated steam swirling. The device and the method are suitable for high-viscosity high-humidity fruit and vegetable materials such as pulp, paste and filter cake, and have the advantages of high drying and crushing speed, high efficiency, energy conservation and low production cost.
3. The device and the method can realize the integrated effect of drying, crushing and sterilizing the fruit and vegetable materials, and are beneficial to subsequent processing and application.
4. The device and the method can realize the aim of drying twice. Flash distillation effect of the instantaneous pressure release process in the flash tank plays a drying role, superheated steam's heat exchange in the drying tank plays the effect of secondary drying, controls superheated steam's velocity of flow, material dwell time and drying temperature, and dry product water content falls below 5%, satisfies the requirements such as the save of material, transportation.
5. The device and the method can achieve the purpose of crushing twice. Physical blasting in the pressure relief process of the flash tank plays a role in primary crushing, and centrifugation, shearing and collision of the stirrer in the drying tank play a role in secondary crushing. Controlling the rotating speed of the stirring shaft and the aperture of the classifier, and adjusting the particle diameter of the material outlet to be less than 200 mu m.
6. The device and the method can realize the aim of sterilization, and the superheated steam is used for sterilizing bacteria and other toxic microorganisms.
7. The device and the method can avoid oxidation reaction in the drying process, and the color and vitamin retention are superior to those of hot air drying.
8. The device and the method can treat fruit and vegetable materials with high viscosity and high humidity content, such as pulp, paste, filter cake and the like.
9. The method has the advantages of high drying and crushing speed, instantaneous and quick drying of most of easily-dispersed materials, repeated reciprocating crushing of a few particles in the materials which are not easily dispersed and crushed after being blocked by grades, lasting drying time of several minutes, high efficiency, energy conservation and low production cost.
10. The device has compact structure and small occupied area, integrates drying, crushing and sterilizing, simplifies the production process and saves power and equipment cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a structural connection of the device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative, not limiting and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The raw materials used in the invention are all conventional commercial products if no special description is provided, the method used in the invention is all conventional methods in the field if no special description is provided, and the mass of all the materials used in the invention is the conventional use mass. The structures in the present invention are common structures known in the art unless otherwise specified.
A device for crushing and drying fruit and vegetable materials by superheated steam flash evaporation is shown in figure 1 and comprises a superheated steam generation system 1, a flash evaporation tank 2, a drying tank 3, a gas-solid separation and material receiving system 4, a waste heat recovery system 5 and a gas filtration system 6 which are sequentially connected, wherein the superheated steam generation system is also connected with the drying tank and the waste heat recovery system respectively; the material device also comprises a vacuum system 7, wherein the vacuum system is respectively connected with the flash tank and the drying tank and can carry out vacuum pumping operation on the flash tank and the drying tank;
the superheated steam production system can produce superheated steam, the flash tank can soften, dry material, the drying chamber can dry material, gas-solid separation and receipts material system can carry out the gas-solid separation operation, waste heat recovery system can retrieve the gaseous waste heat of gas-solid separation and receipts material system separation, and the waste heat of retrieving can be used for the heating operation of superheated steam production system, the tail gas that gas filtration system can filter the production of waste heat recovery system is with discharge to reach standard.
In the present embodiment, the superheated steam generation system comprises a gas outlet 1-1; the flash tank comprises a flash tank body 2-5, a flash tank inlet pipeline 2-1, a flash tank inlet valve 2-2, a flash tank discharge valve 2-3 and a buffer pipeline 2-4, the drying tank comprises a drying tank body 3-6, a drying tank air inlet pipeline 3-1, a drying tank exhaust pipeline 3-2, a stirrer 3-3, an airflow distributor 3-4, a grading ring 3-5 and a drying tank top discharge hole (not numbered in the figure), the gas-solid separation and material receiving system comprises a cyclone separator 4-1, a material receiving device 4-2 and a rotary discharger 4-3, the gas filtering system comprises a dust remover 6-1 and an induced draft fan 6-2, and the vacuum system comprises a flash tank vacuum pump 7-1 and a drying tank vacuum pump 7-2;
the flash tank body is connected with a flash tank inlet pipeline, a flash tank inlet valve, a flash tank discharge valve and a flash tank vacuum pump, and the flash tank inlet valve is arranged at the top of the flash tank body; the drying tank body is connected with a drying tank exhaust pipeline, an airflow distributor and a drying tank vacuum pump, the top of the drying tank body is communicated with a drying tank top discharge hole, a stirrer is coaxially connected and arranged in the drying tank body, a grading ring is connected and arranged in the drying tank body above the stirrer, the grading ring can limit the particle size of dried material particles, and the drying tank top discharge hole is arranged above the grading ring; the top of the cyclone separator is provided with an air outlet, the bottom of the cyclone separator is provided with a discharge outlet, the cyclone separator at one side of the air outlet is also provided with an inlet (not numbered in the figure), and the cyclone separator is connected with a material receiving device through the discharge outlet and a rotary discharger;
the gas outlet of the superheated steam generation system is connected with the gas inlet pipeline of the flash tank, and the gas outlet of the superheated steam generation system is also connected with the gas flow distributor through the gas inlet pipeline of the drying tank; the flash tank body is connected with the drying tank body through a flash tank discharge valve and a buffer pipeline; the utility model discloses a dust remover, including drying cylinder, cyclone, waste heat recovery system, exhaust gas outlet, the setting is connected with cyclone's import through drying cylinder exhaust pipe, and this cyclone's gas outlet is connected with waste heat recovery system's air inlet and is set up, and this waste heat recovery system's export includes waste heat export and tail gas export (all not reference numeral in the picture), and this waste heat export is connected with superheated steam production system and sets up, and this tail gas export is connected with the air inlet of dust remover and sets up, and the.
In this embodiment, the flash tank discharge valve is a pneumatic discharge ball valve.
In this embodiment, the flash tank vacuum pump is used for vacuumizing the flash tank before the flash tank enters air, and the drying tank vacuum pump is used for vacuumizing the drying tank before the flash tank releases pressure.
In this embodiment, the bottom of the tank body of the drying tank is set to be a conical structure, the stirrer of the drying tank comprises a motor connected with a stirring rotating shaft, an impeller and a scraper (neither of which is labeled in the figure) arranged at one end of the impeller, and the motor connected with the stirring rotating shaft is connected with the impeller; the outer side of the bottom of the drying tank body is coaxially connected with an air flow distributor which is in a ring shape.
In this embodiment, the material device further includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a flow rate measuring device and a control system (none of which is shown in the figure), the superheated steam generation system, the flash tank, the drying tank and the waste heat recovery system are all connected with the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor, and the flash tank air inlet pipeline and the drying tank air inlet pipeline are all connected with the flow rate measuring device;
the control system is connected with the superheated steam generation system, the flash tank, the drying tank, the gas-solid separation and material receiving system, the waste heat recovery system, the gas filtering system and the vacuum system, and can control the actions of the superheated steam generation system, the flash tank, the drying tank, the gas-solid separation and material receiving system, the waste heat recovery system, the gas filtering system and the vacuum system.
The method for crushing and drying the fruit and vegetable materials by the superheated steam flash evaporation of the superheated steam flash evaporation crushing and drying device realizes continuous crushing and drying operation of the materials by the instantaneous pressure relief flash evaporation and convection drying crushing of the superheated steam, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of properly crushing materials after dust and impurities are removed, and adjusting the water content to be less than or equal to 70%;
placing the material in a flash tank body, and introducing superheated steam with certain pressure after vacuumizing the tank body; the temperature and the pressure of the superheated steam in the tank body are adjusted by controlling the flow rate of the inlet air, the temperature in the tank body is kept at 250 ℃, the pressure is 0.2-1.5MPa, and the drying time is less than or equal to 0.5 h; then, instantaneously discharging the pressure in the flash tank, exploding the material into a vacuum drying tank, and controlling the pressure release time to be less than 1 s; the material is dried and crushed at one time;
thirdly, superheated steam is introduced into the tank body of the drying tank, gas enters from the side face of the bottom of the tank body in a tangential manner, a powerful cyclone field is formed under the driving of a bottom stirrer, and materials are subjected to secondary crushing and drying under the action of high-speed stirring and cyclone; the particle size of the dried product is adjusted by controlling the flow rate of the superheated steam, the rotating speed of the stirring shaft and the inner diameter of the grading ring; the temperature in the drying tank body is kept at 250 ℃ and the pressure is 0.2-1.5MPa, and the drying time is less than or equal to 0.5 h;
fourthly, the dried materials meeting the requirements are carried by the airflow to enter a cyclone separator, gas-solid separation is carried out on the high-temperature gas containing the powder, a powder product is obtained, and the water content of the dried product is below 5%;
and recovering the waste heat of the high-temperature gas, using the recovered waste heat as a heat source or supplementing raw steam, and discharging the tail gas meeting the environmental protection requirement from the induced draft fan.
The method for crushing and drying the fruit and vegetable materials by the superheated steam flash evaporation of the superheated steam flash evaporation crushing and drying device realizes continuous crushing and drying operation of the materials by the instantaneous pressure relief flash evaporation and convection drying crushing of the superheated steam, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, a superheated steam generating system is opened to heat and generate superheated steam at 120-250 ℃;
secondly, starting a flash tank feeding valve of the flash tank to feed materials, starting a flash tank vacuum pump to vacuumize the closed flash tank body, introducing superheated steam to the temperature of 120 ℃ and the temperature of 250 ℃, keeping the pressure of 0.2-1.5MPa, and keeping heating, softening and drying the materials, wherein the drying time is less than or equal to 0.5 h; meanwhile, a vacuum pump of the drying tank is started to vacuumize the tank body of the closed drying tank, then a discharge valve of the flash tank is quickly opened, and gas-solid substances flow through a buffer pipeline due to pressure difference of the two tanks and are instantaneously sprayed and exploded into the tank body of the drying tank; then, closing a discharge valve of the flash tank, introducing superheated steam with the temperature of 120-250 ℃ and the pressure of 0.2-1.5Mpa into the drying tank body, enabling the superheated steam to enter the drying tank body through an airflow distributor in a tangential distribution manner, and simultaneously, opening a tank bottom stirrer to further perform the functions of centrifuging, shearing and crushing the materials so as to enable the materials to be fully contacted with the superheated steam; the material is in a fluidized state under the action of high-speed rotating superheated steam in the drying tank body, the surfaces of particles are completely exposed in the superheated steam rotational flow, and are mutually collided and rubbed to be crushed into spherical or irregular particles with smaller volume, and meanwhile, the surface moisture is evaporated to achieve the drying effect; fine materials pass through the grading ring under the action of the rotating airflow, and coarse materials move upwards around the wall of the tank and collide with the grading ring to fall down for re-drying until the drying quality requirement is met;
and finally, the fine materials are collected by the material receiving device after being subjected to gas-solid separation by the cyclone separator, the gas is subjected to latent heat recovery by the waste heat recovery system and is used for heating the superheated steam generation system, and the tail gas is treated by the dust removal filtering device and then is discharged by the induced draft fan according with the environmental protection requirement.
According to the treatment method, the material is placed in a flash tank and the tank is vacuumized, after the tank reaches a certain vacuum degree, superheated steam is introduced into the flash tank and certain temperature and pressure are maintained, so that the material is dehydrated and dried, and the material is burst and torn through instantaneous pressure relief, water is flashed, and the material is dried and crushed at one time. Before pressure relief, the drying tank is vacuumized, and the materials are sprayed and exploded into the drying tank under the action of pressure difference. After that, superheated steam and materials are fully mixed in the drying tank, the materials are in a fluidized state under the combined action of high-speed rotating airflow and the bottom stirrer, the materials are rapidly gasified under the action of centrifugation, shearing, collision and friction, and are simultaneously pulverized and micronized to realize secondary drying and crushing of the materials. The materials in the drying tank are radially distributed according to the particle size, the center is a fine material, the coarse material collides with the tank wall under the centrifugal action, the mutual collision among the particles also increases the crushing probability, and a small amount of coarse particles are blocked by the grading ring and fall to the bottom for crushing again. The stirring shaft is provided with the scraper blade, so that materials stuck on the wall of the tank can be scraped off in time, and the materials are prevented from being stuck on the wall surface. The particle size and the water content of the dry material powder are controlled by controlling the flow rate of the superheated steam, the rotating speed of the stirring shaft and the inner diameter of the ring. The dried and crushed powdery material is taken out by the airflow, the material meeting the requirement enters a cyclone separator along with the gas for gas-solid separation and then a solid powder product is collected, the high-temperature gas is used as a heat source or supplements raw steam after waste heat recovery, and the tail gas is discharged after meeting the environmental protection requirement through a filter.
The device and the method realize efficient energy-saving flash crushing and drying of the fruit and vegetable materials, and the superheated steam is used as a crushing and drying medium, so that the heat and mass transfer speed is high, and the drying efficiency is high; no oxygen is involved, the uniformity of the product is improved, and the drying quality is good; the latent heat of the steam is fully recovered, and the drying energy consumption is low; the method is suitable for high-viscosity high-humidity fruit and vegetable materials such as pulp, paste, filter cake and the like and solid wastes for processing the fruit and vegetable.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, and therefore the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a broken dry fruit vegetables material device of superheated steam flash distillation which characterized in that: the material device comprises an overheated steam generating system, a flash tank, a drying tank, a gas-solid separation and material receiving system, a waste heat recovery system and a gas filtering system which are sequentially connected, wherein the overheated steam generating system is also connected with the drying tank and the waste heat recovery system respectively; the device also comprises a vacuum system, wherein the vacuum system is respectively connected with the flash tank and the drying tank and can carry out vacuum pumping operation on the flash tank and the drying tank;
the superheated steam production system can produce superheated steam, the flash tank can soften, dry material, the drying cabinet can be dry, smash the material, gas-solid separation and receipts material system can carry out the gas-solid separation operation, waste heat recovery system can retrieve the gas's that gas-solid separation and receipts material system separated waste heat, and the waste heat of recovery can be used for the heating operation of superheated steam production system, gas filtration system can filter the tail gas of waste heat recovery system production with discharge to reach standard.
2. The superheated steam flash evaporation fruit and vegetable material crushing and drying device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the superheated steam generation system comprises a gas outlet; the flash tank comprises a flash tank body, a flash tank air inlet pipeline, a flash tank feed valve, a flash tank discharge valve and a buffer pipeline, the drying tank comprises a drying tank body, a drying tank air inlet pipeline, a drying tank exhaust pipeline, a stirrer, an airflow distributor, a grading ring and a drying tank top discharge hole, the gas-solid separation and material collection system comprises a cyclone separator, a material collecting device and a rotary discharger, the gas filtration system comprises a dust remover and an induced draft fan, and the vacuum system comprises a flash tank vacuum pump and a drying tank vacuum pump;
the flash tank body is connected with a flash tank inlet pipeline, a flash tank inlet valve, a flash tank discharge valve and a flash tank vacuum pump, and the flash tank inlet valve is arranged at the top of the flash tank body; the drying tank body is connected with a drying tank exhaust pipeline, an airflow distributor and a drying tank vacuum pump, the top of the drying tank body is communicated with a drying tank top discharge hole, a stirrer is coaxially connected and arranged in the drying tank body, a grading ring is connected and arranged in the drying tank body above the stirrer, the grading ring can limit the particle size of dried material particles, and the drying tank top discharge hole is arranged above the grading ring; the top of the cyclone separator is provided with an air outlet, the bottom of the cyclone separator is provided with a discharge outlet, the cyclone separator on one side of the air outlet is also provided with an inlet, and the cyclone separator is connected with a material receiving device through the discharge outlet and a rotary discharger;
the gas outlet of the superheated steam generation system is connected with the gas inlet pipeline of the flash tank, and the gas outlet of the superheated steam generation system is also connected with the gas flow distributor through the gas inlet pipeline of the drying tank; the flash tank body is connected with the drying tank body through a flash tank discharge valve and a buffer pipeline; the utility model discloses a dust remover, including drying cylinder, cyclone, waste heat recovery system, exhaust gas outlet, the setting is connected with cyclone's import through drying cylinder exhaust pipe, and this cyclone's gas outlet is connected with waste heat recovery system's air inlet and is set up, and this waste heat recovery system's export includes waste heat export and tail gas export, and this waste heat export is connected with superheated steam production system and is set up, and this tail gas export is connected with the air inlet of dust remover and sets up, and the gas.
3. The superheated steam flash evaporation fruit and vegetable material crushing and drying device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the flash tank discharge valve is a pneumatic discharge ball valve.
4. The superheated steam flash evaporation fruit and vegetable material crushing and drying device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the flash tank vacuum pump is used for vacuumizing the flash tank before gas is fed into the flash tank, and the drying tank vacuum pump is used for vacuumizing the drying tank before pressure is released from the flash tank.
5. The superheated steam flash evaporation fruit and vegetable material crushing and drying device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the bottom of the tank body of the drying tank is of a conical structure, the stirrer of the drying tank comprises a motor connected with a stirring rotating shaft, an impeller and a scraper arranged at one end of the impeller, and the motor connected with the stirring rotating shaft is connected with the impeller; the outer side of the bottom of the drying tank body is coaxially connected with an air flow distributor which is in a ring shape.
6. The superheated steam flash evaporation fruit and vegetable material crushing and drying device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the material device also comprises a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a flow velocity measuring device and a control system, wherein the superheated steam generating system, the flash tank, the drying tank and the waste heat recovery system are connected with the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor, and the flash tank air inlet pipeline and the drying tank air inlet pipeline are connected with the flow velocity measuring device;
the control system is connected with the superheated steam generation system, the flash tank, the drying tank, the gas-solid separation and material receiving system, the waste heat recovery system, the gas filtering system and the vacuum system, and can control the actions of the superheated steam generation system, the flash tank, the drying tank, the gas-solid separation and material receiving system, the waste heat recovery system, the gas filtering system and the vacuum system.
7. A method for crushing and drying fruit and vegetable materials by using superheated steam flash evaporation of a material device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method realizes continuous crushing and drying operation of the materials by instant pressure relief, flash evaporation and convection drying and crushing of superheated steam, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of crushing materials after dust and impurities are removed, and adjusting the water content to be less than or equal to 70%;
placing the material in a flash tank body, and introducing superheated steam with certain pressure after vacuumizing the tank body; the temperature and the pressure of the superheated steam in the tank body are adjusted by controlling the flow rate of the inlet air, the temperature in the tank body is kept at 250 ℃, the pressure is 0.2-1.5MPa, and the drying time is less than or equal to 0.5 h; then, instantaneously discharging the pressure in the flash tank, exploding the material into a vacuum drying tank, and controlling the pressure release time to be less than 1 s; the material is dried and crushed at one time;
thirdly, superheated steam is introduced into the tank body of the drying tank, gas enters from the side face of the bottom of the tank body in a tangential manner, a powerful cyclone field is formed under the driving of a bottom stirrer, and materials are subjected to secondary crushing and drying under the action of high-speed stirring and cyclone; the particle size of the dried product is adjusted by controlling the flow rate of the superheated steam, the rotating speed of the stirring shaft and the inner diameter of the grading ring; the temperature in the drying tank body is kept at 250 ℃ and the pressure is 0.2-1.5MPa, and the drying time is less than or equal to 0.5 h;
fourthly, the dried materials meeting the requirements are carried by the airflow to enter a cyclone separator, gas-solid separation is carried out on the high-temperature gas containing the powder, a powder product is obtained, and the water content of the dried product is below 5%;
and recovering the waste heat of the high-temperature gas, using the recovered waste heat as a heat source or supplementing raw steam, and discharging the tail gas meeting the environmental protection requirement from the induced draft fan.
8. A method for crushing and drying fruit and vegetable materials by using superheated steam flash evaporation of a material device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method realizes continuous crushing and drying operation of the materials by instant pressure relief, flash evaporation and convection drying and crushing of superheated steam, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, a superheated steam generating system is opened to heat and generate superheated steam at 120-250 ℃;
secondly, starting a flash tank feeding valve of the flash tank to feed materials, starting a flash tank vacuum pump to vacuumize the closed flash tank body, introducing superheated steam to the temperature of 120 ℃ and the temperature of 250 ℃, keeping the pressure of 0.2-1.5MPa, and keeping heating, softening and drying the materials, wherein the drying time is less than or equal to 0.5 h; meanwhile, a vacuum pump of the drying tank is started to vacuumize the tank body of the closed drying tank, then a discharge valve of the flash tank is quickly opened, and gas-solid substances flow through a buffer pipeline due to pressure difference of the two tanks and are instantaneously sprayed and exploded into the tank body of the drying tank; then, closing a discharge valve of the flash tank, introducing superheated steam with the temperature of 120-250 ℃ and the pressure of 0.2-1.5Mpa into the drying tank body, enabling the superheated steam to enter the drying tank body through an airflow distributor in a tangential distribution manner, and simultaneously, opening a tank bottom stirrer to further perform the functions of centrifuging, shearing and crushing the materials so as to enable the materials to be fully contacted with the superheated steam; the material is in a fluidized state under the action of high-speed rotating superheated steam in the drying tank body, the surfaces of particles are completely exposed in the superheated steam rotational flow, and are mutually collided and rubbed to be crushed into spherical or irregular particles with smaller volume, and meanwhile, the surface moisture is evaporated to achieve the drying effect; fine materials pass through the grading ring under the action of the rotating airflow, and coarse materials move upwards around the wall of the tank and collide with the grading ring to fall down for re-drying until the drying quality requirement is met;
and finally, the fine materials are collected by the material receiving device after being subjected to gas-solid separation by the cyclone separator, the gas is subjected to latent heat recovery by the waste heat recovery system and is used for heating the superheated steam generation system, and the tail gas is treated by the dust removal filtering device and then is discharged by the induced draft fan according with the environmental protection requirement.
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