CN112547040B - Bimetallic catalyst for preparing lactic acid and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Bimetallic catalyst for preparing lactic acid and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112547040B CN112547040B CN201910911356.3A CN201910911356A CN112547040B CN 112547040 B CN112547040 B CN 112547040B CN 201910911356 A CN201910911356 A CN 201910911356A CN 112547040 B CN112547040 B CN 112547040B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a bimetallic catalyst for preparing lactic acid, which comprises the following components: a) A metal active component, and b) a catalyst support; wherein the metal active components are niobium and tin; preferably, the molar ratio of niobium to tin is (1:10) - (10:1). The metal active components in the bimetallic catalyst are niobium and tin, and the niobium and the tin are highly dispersed and uniform; the prepared catalyst can be used for a hydrothermal reaction system of fructose, the synergistic effect of the active components of the bimetal components can improve the conversion efficiency of fructose to lactic acid in the hydrothermal reaction system, the lactic acid yield can reach more than 60%, and the catalyst has the advantages of high catalytic efficiency, easiness in separation, recycling and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparing lactic acid by catalytic conversion of fructose, and particularly relates to a bimetallic catalyst, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in preparing lactic acid by catalytic conversion of fructose.
Background
Lactic acid, also called 2-hydroxy propionic acid, is an important multifunctional platform compound in the biomass energy conversion process, is one of three organic acids accepted in the world, and is widely applied to the fields of food, medicine, cosmetics, chemical industry and the like. Lactic acid can be used for preparing biodegradable plastic, namely polylactic acid, and has great application value. The document ChemSusChem 2015,8:613 indicates that, among the numerous processes for the preparation of lactic acid and its derivatives by hydrolysis of saccharides, the fermentation process has the best productivity, with lactic acid yields up to 95%. . With the popularization and application of high-tech technologies such as membrane separation technology, molecular distillation technology, chromatographic separation technology and the like in industrial production, the product quality is greatly improved, so that the requirements of a small part of middle-high-end markets can be met. However, the process has the advantages of complex and numerous extraction procedures, longer production period, lower product yield, and large amount of calcium sulfate waste residues generated in the process of producing lactic acid, thereby causing great environmental pollution. Chemical catalysis of carbohydrate conversion to lactic acid has become a recent research hotspot, wherein increasing the selectivity of lactic acid in catalytic systems is critical.
The research shows that the beta molecular sieve doped with the metallic tin has better catalytic effect in the process of hydrolyzing saccharides to generate lactic acid. The Sn-beta molecular sieve containing the strong L acid center can show high-strength activity and high selectivity, and has good application prospect in catalyzing biomass sugar to prepare lactic acid. The literature Science 2010,328 (5978):602 shows that experiments for catalyzing the hydrolysis of sucrose with Sn-beta as catalyst and water as solvent gave a 30% yield of lactic acid. It was found that the presence of the bimetallic active site is expected to have a good effect on the improvement of lactic acid yield and selectivity. However, the conventional preparation method of the metal-supported molecular sieve catalyst often cannot achieve high dispersion of multiple active centers, and it is difficult to ensure uniformity of metal active components.
Generally, supported catalysts are composed of a metal active component and a carrier or a combination of a metal active component and a metal compound. In the conventional preparation method, the impregnation method is one of typical representative, and the preparation process is to impregnate the prepared salt solution containing the active components of the catalyst into the corresponding porous target carrier, impregnate for a certain time, then dry, bake at a certain temperature to enable the active components of the catalyst to form certain interaction with the carrier, and then reduce at a certain temperature to obtain the desired catalyst. This simple impregnation of the salt solution with the support makes it difficult to ensure uniformity of the various metal active components, and the single components are liable to agglomerate during the calcination process. Therefore, the bimetallic supported catalyst obtained by the traditional catalyst preparation method cannot realize good activity and selectivity of the reaction for preparing lactic acid by converting fructose.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a novel bimetallic supported beta molecular sieve catalyst for preparing lactic acid by catalytic conversion of fructose and a preparation method thereof. The bimetallic active component on the catalyst is Nb/Sn, and the active component is highly dispersed in the catalyst carrier, so that a good catalytic effect is achieved.
To this end, the first aspect of the present invention provides a bimetallic catalyst comprising the following components:
a) A metal active component, and
b) A catalyst carrier;
wherein the metal active components are niobium and tin; preferably, the molar ratio of niobium to tin is (1:10) - (10:1), preferably (1:5) - (5:1).
In some embodiments of the invention, the catalyst support is a beta molecular sieve; preferably, the beta molecular sieve has a silica to alumina ratio of 25 to 60. In some embodiments of the invention, the catalyst support is a hydrogen form beta molecular sieve (H-beta molecular sieve).
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a catalyst according to the first aspect of the invention, comprising the steps of:
s1, mixing a niobium salt solution and a tin salt solution with a catalyst carrier to obtain a catalyst carrier loaded with niobium and tin;
and S2, drying the catalyst carrier loaded with niobium and tin, heating to a roasting temperature, and roasting to obtain the bimetallic catalyst.
In some embodiments of the present invention, step S1 is specifically: mixing the niobium salt solution with the catalyst carrier, stirring for 0.5-3h at 30-80 ℃, adding the tin salt solution, and then continuously stirring for 0.5-3h at 30-80 ℃ to obtain the catalyst carrier loaded with niobium and tin. By controlling the stirring temperature and time, niobium and tin can be more uniformly supported on the molecular sieve.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step S2, the rate of temperature increase is from 1 ℃/min to 20 ℃/min.
In other embodiments of the present invention, in step S2, the firing temperature is 400-700 ℃; the roasting time is 2-12h.
In some embodiments of the invention, the niobium salt solution is a potassium niobate solution; preferably, the potassium niobate solution has a concentration of 0.1 to 5M, preferably 0.1 to 1M, and a pH of 8 to 13. In the present invention, the niobium salt solution is not limited to the potassium niobate solution, but may be a niobium oxalate solution, a niobium pentachloride solution, or the like, and is preferably a potassium niobate solution.
In other embodiments of the invention, the tin salt solution is a tin tetrachloride solution; preferably, the concentration of the tin tetrachloride solution is 0.1-5M; further preferably, the concentration of the tin tetrachloride solution is 0.1 to 1M. The tin salt solution according to the present invention is not limited to a tin tetrachloride solution, but may be a tin tetrabromide solution or the like, and is preferably a tin tetrachloride solution.
In some embodiments of the invention, the method specifically comprises the steps of:
(1) Preparing potassium niobate solution;
(2) Placing hydrogen type beta molecular sieve in a beaker, adding a certain amount of deionized water to prepare a mixture, adding the potassium niobate solution into the mixture, regulating the temperature to 30-80 ℃ and stirring for 0.5-3h; then, dropwise adding a tin tetrachloride solution into the mixture, regulating the temperature to 30-80 ℃ and continuously stirring the mixture for 0.5-3h to obtain a beta molecular sieve loaded with niobium and tin;
(3) And drying the beta molecular sieve loaded with niobium and tin, programming the temperature to 400-700 ℃ at the temperature rising rate of 1-20 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 2-12 hours for roasting to obtain the high-dispersion bimetallic catalyst.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides the use of a catalyst according to the first aspect of the invention or a catalyst prepared according to the second aspect of the invention for the catalytic conversion of fructose to lactic acid.
In some embodiments of the invention, the weight ratio of fructose to catalyst is 1 (0.2-1.5); preferably 1 (0.5-1.2).
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the metal active components in the bimetallic catalyst are niobium and tin, and the niobium and the tin are highly dispersed and uniform; the prepared catalyst can be used for a hydrothermal reaction system of fructose, the synergistic effect of the active components of the bimetal components can improve the conversion efficiency of fructose to lactic acid in the hydrothermal reaction system, the lactic acid yield can reach more than 60%, and the catalyst has the advantages of high catalytic efficiency, easiness in separation, recycling and the like.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the bimetallic catalyst prepared in examples 1-6. Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
a is the X-ray diffraction pattern of the bimetallic catalyst prepared in example 1;
b is the X-ray diffraction pattern of the bimetallic catalyst prepared in example 2;
c is the X-ray diffraction pattern of the bimetallic catalyst prepared in example 3;
d is the X-ray diffraction pattern of the bimetallic catalyst prepared in example 4;
e is the X-ray diffraction pattern of the bimetallic catalyst prepared in example 5;
f is the X-ray diffraction pattern of the bimetallic catalyst prepared in example 6.
FIG. 2 shows the results of evaluation of fructose conversion and lactic acid yield of the bimetallic catalyst prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, the invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples, which are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting in scope of application. The starting materials or components used in the present invention may be prepared by commercial or conventional methods unless specifically indicated.
Example 1
1) 5g of H-beta (Si: al=25) molecular sieve with a silicon-aluminum ratio of 25 is taken in a beaker, 10mL of potassium niobate solution with a concentration of 0.3M and 50mL of deionized water are added into the beaker, and the mixture is placed in a heat-collecting constant-temperature heating magnetic stirrerThe temperature parameter is adjusted to 40 ℃, the mixture is stirred in water bath for 1 hour and then taken out, and 10mL of SnCl with the concentration of 0.3M is added into the mixture 4 ·5H 2 Adjusting the temperature parameter of the water bath kettle to 80 ℃ by using an O aqueous solution, stirring in a water bath for 1h, and taking out the water bath kettle to obtain a beta molecular sieve loaded with niobium and tin;
2) After suction filtration, putting the beta molecular sieve loaded with niobium and tin into an electrothermal blowing drying box, adjusting the temperature parameter to 110 ℃, and drying for 12 hours.
3) And (3) placing the dried beta molecular sieve loaded with niobium and tin into a muffle furnace, programming the temperature to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and roasting for 4 hours, and taking out to obtain the bimetallic catalyst (the molar ratio of niobium to tin is 1:1), wherein an X-ray diffraction spectrum of the bimetallic catalyst is shown in the attached figure 1a.
4) Catalyst evaluation conditions: the reaction results of the above catalysts of different masses with fructose 0.9g, 100mL deionized water, nitrogen at 180deg.C and 2.0MPa for 6h are shown in FIG. 2.
Example 2
1) Taking 5g of H-beta (Si: al=25) molecular sieve with a silicon-aluminum ratio of 25, adding 20mL of potassium niobate solution with a concentration of 0.3M and 50mL of deionized water into a beaker, placing the mixture into a heat-collecting constant-temperature heating magnetic stirrer, adjusting the temperature parameter to 40 ℃, stirring in a water bath for 1H, taking out the mixture, and adding 10mL of SnCl with a concentration of 0.3M into the mixture 4 ·5H 2 Adjusting the temperature parameter of the water bath kettle to 80 ℃ by using an O aqueous solution, stirring in a water bath for 1h, and taking out the water bath kettle to obtain a beta molecular sieve loaded with niobium and tin;
2) After suction filtration, putting the beta molecular sieve loaded with niobium and tin into an electrothermal blowing drying box, adjusting the temperature parameter to 110 ℃, and drying for 12 hours.
3) And (3) placing the dried beta molecular sieve loaded with niobium and tin into a muffle furnace, programming the temperature to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, roasting for 4 hours, and taking out to obtain the bimetallic catalyst (the molar ratio of niobium to tin is 2:1), wherein an X-ray diffraction spectrum of the bimetallic catalyst is shown in the attached figure 1b.
4) Catalyst evaluation conditions: fructose 0.9g, 100mL deionized water, nitrogen with the temperature of 180 ℃ and the pressure of 2.0MPa, the reaction time of 6 hours, catalyst 0.5g, fructose conversion rate of 82 percent and lactic acid yield of 37 percent.
Example 3
1) Taking 5g of H-beta (Si: al=25) molecular sieve with a silicon-aluminum ratio of 25, adding 10mL of potassium niobate solution with a concentration of 0.3M and 50mL of deionized water into a beaker, placing the mixture into a heat-collecting constant-temperature heating magnetic stirrer, adjusting the temperature parameter to 40 ℃, stirring in a water bath for 1H, taking out the mixture, and adding 20mL of SnCl with a concentration of 0.3M into the mixture 4 ·5H 2 Adjusting the temperature parameter of the water bath kettle to 80 ℃ by using an O aqueous solution, stirring in a water bath for 1h, and taking out the water bath kettle to obtain a beta molecular sieve loaded with niobium and tin;
2) After suction filtration, putting the beta molecular sieve loaded with niobium and tin into an electrothermal blowing drying box, adjusting the temperature parameter to 110 ℃, and drying for 12 hours.
3) And (3) putting the dried beta molecular sieve loaded with niobium and tin into a muffle furnace, programming the temperature to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, roasting for 4 hours, and taking out to obtain the bimetallic catalyst (the molar ratio of niobium to tin is 1:2), wherein an X-ray diffraction spectrum of the bimetallic catalyst is shown in the attached figure 1c.
4) Catalyst evaluation conditions: fructose 0.9g, 100mL deionized water, nitrogen with the temperature of 180 ℃ and the pressure of 2.0MPa, the reaction time of 6 hours, catalyst 0.5g, fructose conversion rate of 79 percent and lactic acid yield of 57 percent.
Example 4
1) Taking 5g of H-beta (Si: al=25) molecular sieve with a silicon-aluminum ratio of 25, adding 10mL of potassium niobate solution with a concentration of 0.3M and 50mL of deionized water into a beaker, placing the mixture into a heat-collecting constant-temperature heating magnetic stirrer, adjusting the temperature parameter to 40 ℃, stirring in a water bath for 1H, taking out the mixture, and adding 30mL of SnCl with a concentration of 0.3M into the mixture 4 ·5H 2 Adjusting the temperature parameter of the water bath kettle to 80 ℃ by using an O aqueous solution, stirring in a water bath for 1h, and taking out the water bath kettle to obtain a beta molecular sieve loaded with niobium and tin;
2) After suction filtration, putting the beta molecular sieve loaded with niobium and tin into an electrothermal blowing drying box, adjusting the temperature parameter to 110 ℃, and drying for 12 hours.
3) And (3) placing the dried beta molecular sieve loaded with niobium and tin into a muffle furnace, programming the temperature to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and roasting for 4 hours, and taking out to obtain the bimetallic catalyst (the molar ratio of niobium to tin is 1:3), wherein an X-ray diffraction spectrum of the bimetallic catalyst is shown in the attached figure 1d.
4) Catalyst evaluation conditions: fructose 0.9g, 100mL deionized water, nitrogen with the temperature of 180 ℃ and the pressure of 2.0MPa, the reaction time of 6 hours, catalyst 0.5g, fructose conversion rate of 82 percent and lactic acid yield of 61 percent.
Example 5
1) Taking 5g of H-beta (Si: al=25) molecular sieve with a silicon-aluminum ratio of 25, adding 30mL of potassium niobate solution with a concentration of 0.3M and 50mL of deionized water into a beaker, placing the mixture into a heat-collecting constant-temperature heating magnetic stirrer, adjusting the temperature parameter to 40 ℃, stirring in a water bath for 1H, taking out the mixture, and adding 10mL of SnCl with a concentration of 0.3M into the mixture 4 ·5H 2 Adjusting the temperature parameter of the water bath kettle to 80 ℃ by using an O aqueous solution, stirring in a water bath for 1h, and taking out the water bath kettle to obtain a beta molecular sieve loaded with niobium and tin;
2) After suction filtration, putting the beta molecular sieve loaded with niobium and tin into an electrothermal blowing drying box, adjusting the temperature parameter to 110 ℃, and drying for 12 hours.
3) And (3) placing the dried beta molecular sieve loaded with niobium and tin into a muffle furnace, programming the temperature to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and roasting for 4 hours, and taking out to obtain the bimetallic catalyst (the molar ratio of niobium to tin is 3:1), wherein an X-ray diffraction spectrum of the bimetallic catalyst is shown in the attached figure 1e.
4) Catalyst evaluation conditions: fructose 0.9g, 100mL deionized water, nitrogen with the temperature of 180 ℃ and the pressure of 2.0MPa, the reaction time of 6 hours, catalyst 0.5g, fructose conversion rate of 88 percent and lactic acid yield of 50 percent.
Example 6
1) Taking 5g of H-beta (Si: al=25) molecular sieve with a silicon-aluminum ratio of 25, adding 10mL of potassium niobate solution with a concentration of 0.3M and 50mL of deionized water into a beaker, placing the mixture into a heat-collecting constant-temperature heating magnetic stirrer, adjusting the temperature parameter to 40 ℃, stirring in a water bath for 1H, taking out the mixture, and adding 40mL of SnCl with a concentration of 0.3M into the mixture 4 ·5H 2 Adjusting the temperature parameter of the water bath kettle to 80 ℃ by using an O aqueous solution, stirring in a water bath for 1h, and taking out the water bath kettle to obtain a beta molecular sieve loaded with niobium and tin;
2) After suction filtration, putting the beta molecular sieve loaded with niobium and tin into an electrothermal blowing drying box, adjusting the temperature parameter to 110 ℃, and drying for 12 hours.
3) And (3) placing the dried beta molecular sieve loaded with niobium and tin into a muffle furnace, programming the temperature to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, roasting for 4 hours, and taking out to obtain the bimetallic catalyst (the molar ratio of niobium to tin is 1:4), wherein an X-ray diffraction spectrum of the bimetallic catalyst is shown in the attached figure 1f.
4) Catalyst evaluation conditions: fructose 0.9g, 100mL deionized water, nitrogen with the temperature of 180 ℃ and the pressure of 2.0MPa, the reaction time of 6 hours, catalyst 0.5g, fructose conversion rate of 83 percent and lactic acid yield of 47 percent.
Comparative example 1
1) Taking 5g of H-beta (Si: al=25) molecular sieve with a silicon-aluminum ratio of 25, adding 20mL of potassium niobate solution with a concentration of 0.3M and 50mL of deionized water into a beaker, placing the mixture into a heat-collecting constant-temperature heating magnetic stirrer, adjusting the temperature parameter to 40 ℃, stirring in a water bath for 1H, and taking out to obtain the beta molecular sieve loaded with niobium;
2) After suction filtration, putting the beta molecular sieve loaded with niobium into an electrothermal blowing drying oven, adjusting the temperature parameter to 110 ℃, and drying for 12 hours.
3) And (3) putting the dried niobium-loaded beta molecular sieve into a muffle furnace, programming the temperature to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and taking out the beta molecular sieve after roasting for 4 hours to obtain the niobium-loaded single-metal catalyst.
4) Catalyst evaluation conditions: fructose 0.9g, 100mL deionized water, nitrogen with the temperature of 180 ℃ and the pressure of 2.0MPa, the reaction time of 6 hours, catalyst 0.5g, fructose conversion rate of 82 percent and lactic acid yield of 23 percent.
Comparative example 2
1) 5g of H-beta (Si: al=25) molecular sieve with a silica-alumina ratio of 25 was taken in a beaker, to which 20mL of SnCl with a concentration of 0.3M was added 4 ·5H 2 Adjusting the temperature parameter of the water bath kettle to 80 ℃ by using an O aqueous solution, stirring in a water bath for 1h, and taking out the water bath kettle to obtain a tin-loaded beta molecular sieve;
2) After suction filtration, putting the beta molecular sieve loaded with tin into an electrothermal blowing drying oven, adjusting the temperature parameter to 110 ℃, and drying for 12 hours.
3) And (3) putting the dried tin-loaded beta molecular sieve into a muffle furnace, programming the temperature to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and taking out the beta molecular sieve after roasting for 4 hours to obtain the tin-loaded single-metal catalyst.
4) Catalyst evaluation conditions: fructose 0.9g, 100mL deionized water, nitrogen with the temperature of 180 ℃ and the pressure of 2.0MPa, the reaction time of 6 hours, catalyst 0.5g, fructose conversion rate of 72 percent and lactic acid yield of 33 percent.
It should be noted that the above-described embodiments are only for explaining the present invention and do not constitute any limitation of the present invention. The invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, but it is understood that the words which have been used are words of description and illustration, rather than words of limitation. Modifications may be made to the invention as defined in the appended claims, and the invention may be modified without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Although the invention is described herein with reference to particular means, materials and embodiments, the invention is not intended to be limited to the particulars disclosed herein, as the invention extends to all other means and applications which perform the same function.
Claims (12)
1. Use of a bimetallic catalyst in the preparation of lactic acid by conversion of fructose, the bimetallic catalyst comprising the following components:
a) A metal active component, and
b) A catalyst carrier;
wherein the metal active components are niobium and tin; the molar ratio of niobium to tin is (1:5) - (5:1); the catalyst carrier is beta molecular sieve;
the preparation method of the bimetallic catalyst comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing a niobium salt solution and a tin salt solution with a catalyst carrier to obtain a catalyst carrier loaded with niobium and tin;
s2, drying the catalyst carrier loaded with niobium and tin, heating to a roasting temperature, and roasting to obtain the bimetallic catalyst;
the step S1 specifically comprises the following steps: mixing the niobium salt solution with the catalyst carrier, stirring at 30-80 ℃ for 0.5-3h, adding the tin salt solution, and then continuously stirring at 30-80 ℃ for 0.5-3h to obtain the catalyst carrier loaded with niobium and tin;
the bimetallic catalyst is applied to preparing lactic acid by converting fructose, and the yield of lactic acid can reach more than 60%.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the beta molecular sieve has a silica to alumina ratio of 25 to 60.
3. The use according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the rate of temperature increase is between 1 ℃/min and 20 ℃/min.
4. The use according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the firing temperature is 400-700 ℃; the roasting time is 2-12h.
5. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the niobium salt solution is a potassium niobate solution.
6. The use according to claim 5, wherein the potassium niobate solution has a concentration of 0.1 to 5m and a ph of 8 to 13.
7. The use according to claim 6, wherein the potassium niobate solution has a concentration of 0.1 to 1M.
8. Use according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the tin salt solution is a tin tetrachloride solution.
9. The use according to claim 8, wherein the concentration of the tin tetrachloride solution is 0.1-5M.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the concentration of the tin tetrachloride solution is 0.1-1M.
11. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the weight ratio of fructose to catalyst is 1 (0.2 to 1.5).
12. The use according to claim 11, wherein the weight ratio of fructose to catalyst is 1 (0.5-1.2).
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104387261A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-03-04 | 同济大学 | Method for catalytically converting biomass into lactic acid by using modified beta-molecular sieve |
| CN105879902A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2016-08-24 | 郑州大学 | Preparation method for molecular sieve catalyst of sugar conversion preparation of lactic acid and lactate |
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| FR2969603B1 (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2012-12-28 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | PROCESS FOR TRANSFORMING LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS OR CELLULOSE WITH STABLE NON-ZEOLITHIC LEWIS SOLID ACIDS BASED ON TIN OR ANTIMONY ALONE OR IN MIXTURE |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104387261A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-03-04 | 同济大学 | Method for catalytically converting biomass into lactic acid by using modified beta-molecular sieve |
| CN105879902A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2016-08-24 | 郑州大学 | Preparation method for molecular sieve catalyst of sugar conversion preparation of lactic acid and lactate |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Tin modified Nb2O5 as an efficient solid acid catalyst for the catalytic conversion of triose sugars to lactic acid;Xincheng Wang et al;《Catal. Sci. Technol.》;20190304;第9卷;第1669–1679页 * |
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