CN112546815A - Method for clean, efficient and comprehensive recovery of mercury from mercury-containing flue gas - Google Patents
Method for clean, efficient and comprehensive recovery of mercury from mercury-containing flue gas Download PDFInfo
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- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 190
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 177
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical class [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical group [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- DOBUSJIVSSJEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3-dioxa-2$l^{6}-thia-4-mercuracyclobutane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound [Hg+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DOBUSJIVSSJEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009388 chemical precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- RCTYPNKXASFOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloromercury Chemical compound [Hg]Cl RCTYPNKXASFOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052956 cinnabar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000009507 Nervous System Mercury Poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RYVQPRFJDKBVCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N S(Cl)[Hg] Chemical compound S(Cl)[Hg] RYVQPRFJDKBVCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002523 mercuric chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940074994 mercuric sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002731 mercury compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L mercury dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Hg]Cl LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000370 mercury sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000372 mercury(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B43/00—Obtaining mercury
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/102—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/60—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
- B01D2257/602—Mercury or mercury compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of air pollution control and heavy metal pollution control, and particularly discloses a method for cleanly, efficiently and comprehensively recovering mercury from mercury-containing flue gas. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of cooling the mercury-containing flue gas by a waste heat boiler, removing dust by a high-temperature electric precipitator, feeding the flue gas into at least one washing tower, spraying washing liquid in the washing tower, recovering the spraying liquid, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain mercury-rich slag, drying the flue gas in a drying tower, feeding the flue gas into a filler adsorption tower to obtain a mercury-rich adsorbent, adsorbing the flue gas, feeding the flue gas into next step for flue gas treatment, and discharging the flue gas, wherein the mercury-rich slag and the mercury-rich adsorbent are mercury product. The mercury-rich slag obtained by the invention comprehensively recovers mercury to prepare mercury products, the mercury removal efficiency is up to more than 99.8%, the flue gas can reach the discharge standard, and the Hg at the flue gas outlet is less than or equal to 0.02mg/m3。
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of air pollution control and heavy metal pollution control, and particularly relates to a method for cleanly, efficiently and comprehensively recovering mercury from mercury-containing flue gas.
Background
Mercury is a metal element commonly known as mercury, chemical element symbol Hg, atomic number 80, group IIB metal in periodic Table of elements, melting point-38.87 deg.C, boiling point 356.6 deg.C, and density 13.59g/cm3. Mercury is the only metal existing in liquid form at normal temperature and pressure, and is a shiny silvery heavy liquid. The chemical property of mercury is stable at normal temperature, and the mercury vapor and mercury compounds are extremely toxic (chronic). Mercury dissolves many metals (e.g., gold, silver, etc.) to form an amalgam (also called an amalgam). Mercury is naturally produced in the earth's crust and is released into the environment through volcanic activity, rock weathering, or as a result of human activity. Mercury is distributed in a very small amount in nature and is considered to be a rare metal. Mercury rarely exists in a pure metal state, mostly exists in a compound form, and the main common mercury-containing minerals include cinnabar, chlorothiomercury ore, stibium mercuric ore and other minerals connected with cinnabar, are commonly used for manufacturing scientific measuring instruments (such as barometers, thermometers and the like), medicines, catalysts, mercury vapor lamps, electrodes, mercury vapor and the like, and are also used in the dental medicine and cosmetic industries. As is well known, mercury is a toxic heavy metal with persistence, accumulation, easy migration and high biological enrichment, and is listed as a globally-influential pollutant in addition to greenhouse gases by the environmental program agency of the united nations. An organic mercury poisoning event is disclosed in japan in the fifth and sixty years of the last century around the gulf, and the water guarantee event is a serious mercury pollution disaster and is one of the earliest public diseases caused by environmental pollution. The total amount of mercury released into the atmosphere worldwide per year is currently about 5000t, with 4000t being an anthropogenic consequence. The main source of mercury pollution is combustion, which accounts for the largest proportion of the coal burning and metal smelting industries. At present, most of domestic and overseas researches focus on mercury emission of coal-fired flue gas, and the researches on the control technology at present mainly comprise three aspects of mercury removal before combustion, mercury removal during combustion and mercury removal of flue gas after combustion. The mercury removal being carried out by washing the raw coal before combustionPart of mercury, but the method cannot wash off mercury combined with organic carbon in coal and has relatively high cost; the mercury removal during combustion is mainly realized by improving the combustion mode and reducing NOXSimultaneously inhibiting the emission of a part of mercury; methods for post-combustion demercuration include adsorption methods that utilize absorbents to adsorb mercury or modifications to existing atmospheric pollutant control equipment of coal-fired power plants to increase their efficiency in synergistic demercuration. There are also some researches on new flue gas mercury removal technologies, such as corona discharge plasma technology and the like. In a comprehensive view, the mercury removal of flue gas after combustion is the most main mode for controlling the mercury pollution of the current coal, and the related research is the most extensive. The mercury removal after combustion (namely flue gas mercury removal) is a main mercury pollution control mode of a future power plant, and the mercury removal method mainly comprises an adsorbent method, a chemical precipitation method and a chemical oxidation method. The adsorption method is a common method for treating pollutants by mainly utilizing the adsorption effect of activated carbon and other adsorbents, and comprises two modes of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption. At present, the main adsorbents used for mercury removal from flue gas are: activated carbon, fly ash and a metal absorbent. Chemical precipitation is the removal of mercury by chemical reaction of a chemical reagent with the mercury to form a precipitate. At present, the methods which are applied more mainly include: potassium iodide solution washing method, chlorination method for removing mercury, and sodium sulfide method. The chemical oxidation method mainly utilizes Hg in flue gas2+The compound is easy to dissolve in water, and the elemental mercury in the flue gas is easy to remove by converting the elemental mercury into the divalent mercury.
However, the current research at home and abroad focuses on controlling the mercury emission of coal-fired flue gas, and the research on controlling the mercury emission in the nonferrous smelting industry is ignored. Compared with coal-fired flue gas, the mercury concentration and the sulfur dioxide concentration of the metal smelting flue gas are thousands of times higher, and the production period has large fluctuation. Therefore, the mercury removal technology suitable for coal-fired flue gas is not necessarily effective in controlling mercury emission of non-ferrous metal smelting flue gas. At present, the mercury removal technology of non-ferrous metal smelting flue gas mainly adopts an absorption method. The absorption method takes the solution of mercuric chloride, mercuric sulfate, pyrolusite sulfate, bleaching powder, potassium iodide or potassium permanganate and the like as an absorbent to absorb and capture the elemental Hg in the flue gas, and the mercury removal efficiency of the absorption method can reach 50 to 90 percent. The patent CN1142817C discloses a mercury chloride absorption process, which takes a mercury chloride solution as an absorption liquid to remove a flue gas simple substance Hg, and has the characteristics of simple flow, high mercury removal efficiency, regenerable absorbent, mercury resource recovery and the like. But the smelting flue gas in China has high-concentration SO2，SO2Can absorb Hg in the liquid2+Reducing to elemental Hg and releasing into the flue gas again, thereby reducing the removal efficiency of Hg. Patent CN103341310B discloses a method for removing mercury in flue gas by using mercury sulfate, ferric sulfate and sulfuric acid as main components to prepare a composite absorption liquid, wherein SO can be reduced by the method2For Hg2+For high concentrations of SO2The guarantee rate of the flue gas is not high. Patent CN105238933A discloses a method for removing and recovering elemental mercury from sulfur dioxide-containing flue gas by using iodide as absorbent in cooperation with purification facilities, which has high reagent consumption and low efficiency of mercury removal rate due to unstable chemical properties. The roasting of ores in the non-ferrous metal smelting industry is generally carried out under the high-temperature condition, so that most of mercury in the ores enters smelting flue gas in the form of zero-valent mercury, and elemental mercury enters sludge, dust of a bag filter, product sulfuric acid or flue gas in the flue gas treatment process, thereby further causing environmental pollution. The sulfuric acid enters the product sulfuric acid, so that the quality problem of the sulfuric acid product is caused, and the grade of the finished product acid is reduced; further contamination would result if these finished acids were used to produce fertilizers or other chemicals that were fed with sulfuric acid. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a high-efficiency mercury removal technology suitable for the flue gas in the metal smelting industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for comprehensively recovering mercury from mercury-containing flue gas in a clean and efficient manner.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a method for comprehensively recovering mercury from mercury-containing flue gas in a clean and efficient manner, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of cooling the mercury-containing flue gas by a waste heat boiler, removing dust by a high-temperature electric precipitator, feeding the flue gas into at least one washing tower, spraying washing liquid in the washing tower, recovering the spraying liquid, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain mercury-rich slag, drying the flue gas in a drying tower, feeding the flue gas into a filler adsorption tower to obtain a mercury-rich adsorbent, adsorbing the flue gas, feeding the flue gas into next step for flue gas treatment, and discharging the flue gas, wherein the mercury-rich slag and the mercury-rich adsorbent are mercury product.
Preferably, the spraying liquid is recovered after the mercury-containing flue gas enters the primary washing tower, the mercury-containing flue gas after primary washing enters the secondary washing tower, the spraying liquid is recovered after the mercury-containing flue gas is sprayed by the washing liquid of the secondary washing tower, and the mercury-containing flue gas enters the drying tower.
Preferably, the temperature of the mercury-containing flue gas after being treated by the high-temperature electric precipitator is 150-220 ℃.
Preferably, the washing liquid is a potassium chlorate solution, the concentration of potassium chlorate is 0.2-1.0 mol/L, and the temperature of the mixed washing liquid is 5-20 ℃.
Preferably, the adsorption filler of the filler adsorption tower is manganese-loaded modified activated carbon.
Preferably, after the spray liquid is recovered and cooled, the solid-liquid separation is carried out to obtain the mercury-rich slag, and the cooling treatment comprises the following steps: adopting liquid saline water with the temperature of-20 to-14 ℃ for cooling
Preferably, the temperature of the flue gas is 1050-1250 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: in the process of purifying the smelting flue gas, the smelting flue gas containing mercury vapor is washed in a washing tower at two stages by using a washing solution, the mercury vapor in the flue gas is reduced, trace mercury vapor in the flue gas is adsorbed by manganese-loaded modified activated carbon to meet the requirement of acid making, and the mercury simple substance is finally comprehensively recovered in the form of mercury-rich slag to prepare a mercury product.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. The following examples are merely illustrative and explanatory of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All the technologies realized based on the above-mentioned contents of the present invention are covered in the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise indicated, the raw materials and reagents used in the following examples are all commercially available products or can be prepared by known methods.
The invention provides a method for cleanly, efficiently and comprehensively recovering mercury from mercury-containing flue gas, which comprises the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps of enabling flue gas discharged from a metal smelting furnace to pass through a high-temperature electric precipitator, enabling the flue gas to enter a first-stage washing tower, enabling washing liquid of the first-stage washing tower to be sprayed, enabling the washing liquid to enter a second-stage washing tower, recovering the spraying liquid, performing solid-liquid separation to obtain mercury-rich slag, enabling the mercury-rich slag to pass through the two stages of washing towers, enabling the mercury-rich slag to enter a drying tower, enabling the mercury-rich slag to enter a filler adsorption tower to obtain a mercury-rich adsorbent, enabling the flue gas to enter an acid making system for. The mercury-rich slag and the mercury-rich adsorbent obtained by the method are subjected to comprehensive mercury recovery treatment to prepare a mercury product. Cooling the spray liquid by adopting liquid saline water at the temperature of-20 to-14 ℃, and spraying the flue gas to obtain mercury-rich slag; the washing liquid is potassium chlorate solution, the concentration of the potassium chlorate solution is 0.2-1.0 mol/L, and the spraying temperature of the washing liquid is 5-20 ℃.
The acid waste water after the spraying liquid-solid-liquid separation is recycled after being treated.
Wherein the temperature of the flue gas discharged from a general metal smelting furnace is 1050-1250 ℃.
In the method for clean, efficient and comprehensive recovery of the mercury-rich raw material from the mercury-containing flue gas, the temperature of the flue gas after being treated by the high-temperature electric precipitator is 150-220 ℃.
In the method, the oxygen-enriched smelting technology is mostly adopted for metal smelting, the oxygen-containing concentration is high, the concentration of mercury vapor in the flue gas is improved, the mercury removal of the flue gas is facilitated, and the recovery rate of mercury is improved; in the smelting flue gas purification process, the washing liquid is used for washing the smelting flue gas containing mercury vapor in the washing tower, the mercury vapor in the flue gas is reduced, and the mercury simple substance is finally comprehensively recovered in the form of mercury-rich slag to prepare a mercury product, and the method has the advantages of high mercury removal efficiency of 98-99.99% and high-efficiency cleaning.
The invention is further illustrated and described with reference to specific examples, which do not limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A method for comprehensively recovering mercury from mercury-containing flue gas in a clean and efficient manner comprises the following steps: after smoke (the smoke temperature is 1050 ℃) discharged from a metal smelting furnace passes through a high-temperature electric dust remover, the smoke temperature is reduced to 150 ℃, the cooled smoke enters a primary spray tower from the bottom, the smoke is sprayed by a washing liquid (the concentration of a potassium chlorate solution is 0.5mol/L, the temperature of the washing liquid is 10 ℃), the smoke enters a secondary spray tower, the smoke is sprayed by the washing liquid (the concentration of the potassium chlorate solution is 0.5mol/L, the temperature of the washing liquid is 10 ℃), the sprayed smoke enters a drying tower to be dried and then directly enters manganese-loaded modified activated carbon, the primary spray liquid and the secondary spray liquid are cooled by liquid saline water at the temperature of-15 ℃, and mercury-rich slag is obtained by a solid-liquid separation tower. The mercury concentration of the flue gas inlet is 11.73mg/m through monitoring by a monitoring point3The mercury concentration of the flue gas at the outlet after the first-stage spraying is 3.5mg/m3The mercury concentration of the outlet flue gas after secondary spraying is 0.16mg/m3The mercury concentration of the outlet flue gas after the modified activated carbon adsorption is 0.01mg/m3The calculated mercury removal efficiency is 99.91 percent, the grade of the mercury-rich slag is 45.29 percent, and the mercury-rich slag is used as a raw material for producing mercury products.
Example 2
A method for comprehensively recovering mercury from mercury-containing flue gas in a clean and efficient manner comprises the following steps: after passing through a high-temperature electric dust collector, the temperature of flue gas (the temperature of the flue gas is 1150 ℃) discharged from a metal smelting furnace is reduced to 180 ℃, the cooled flue gas enters a primary spray tower from the bottom, the flue gas is sprayed by cleaning solution (the concentration of potassium chlorate solution is 0.8mol/L, the temperature of the cleaning solution is 12 ℃), the flue gas enters a secondary spray tower, the flue gas is sprayed by the cleaning solution (the concentration of potassium chlorate solution is 0.8mol/L, the temperature of the cleaning solution is 12 ℃), the sprayed flue gas enters a drying tower to be dried and then directly enters manganese-loaded modified activated carbon, the spray liquid is cooled by liquid saline water at the temperature of-14 ℃, and mercury-rich slag is obtained by primary spraying and secondary spray towers. The mercury concentration of the flue gas inlet is 10.65mg/m through monitoring by a monitoring point3The mercury concentration of the flue gas at the outlet after the first-stage spraying is 2.13mg/m3The mercury concentration of the outlet flue gas after secondary spraying is 0.11mg/m3The mercury concentration of the outlet flue gas after the modified activated carbon adsorption is 0.013mg/m3According to calculation, the mercury removal efficiency is 99%, 87%, the grade of the mercury-rich slag is 36.72%, and the mercury-rich slag is used as a raw material for producing mercury products.
Example 3
A method for comprehensively recovering mercury from mercury-containing flue gas in a clean and efficient manner comprises the following steps: after smoke (the smoke temperature is 1200 ℃) discharged from a metal smelting furnace passes through a high-temperature electric dust collector, the smoke temperature is reduced to 200 ℃, the cooled smoke enters a first-stage spray tower from the bottom, the smoke is sprayed by a washing liquid (the concentration of a potassium chlorate solution is 1.0mol/L, the temperature of the washing liquid is 8 ℃), the smoke enters a second-stage spray tower, the smoke is sprayed by the washing liquid (the concentration of the potassium chlorate solution is 1.0mol/L, the temperature of the washing liquid is 8 ℃), the sprayed smoke enters a drying tower and is dried and then directly enters manganese-loaded modified activated carbon, the spraying liquid is cooled by liquid saline water at the temperature of minus 20 ℃, and mercury-rich slag is obtained by the first-stage spray tower and the second-stage. The mercury concentration of the flue gas inlet is 12.46mg/m through monitoring by a monitoring point3The mercury concentration of the flue gas at the outlet after the first-stage spraying is 1.87mg/m3The mercury concentration of the outlet flue gas after secondary spraying is 0.10mg/m3The mercury concentration of the outlet flue gas after the modified activated carbon adsorption is 0.008mg/m3The calculated mercury removal efficiency is 99.93 percent, the grade of the mercury-rich slag is 48.33 percent, and the mercury-rich slag is used as a raw material for producing mercury products.
Example 4
A method for comprehensively recovering mercury from mercury-containing flue gas in a clean and efficient manner comprises the following steps: after smoke (the smoke temperature is 1250 ℃) discharged from a metal smelting furnace passes through a high-temperature electric dust remover, the smoke temperature is reduced to 200 ℃, the cooled smoke enters a primary spray tower from the bottom, the smoke is sprayed by a cleaning solution (the concentration of a potassium chlorate solution is 1.0mol/L, the temperature of the cleaning solution is 8 ℃), the smoke enters a secondary spray tower, the smoke is sprayed by the cleaning solution (the concentration of the potassium chlorate solution is 1.0mol/L, the temperature of the cleaning solution is 8 ℃), the sprayed smoke enters a drying tower and is dried, and then the smoke directly enters a drying tower and is loaded with manganeseAnd (3) modifying the activated carbon, cooling the spray liquid by adopting liquid saline water at the temperature of-20 ℃, and obtaining mercury-rich slag by adopting a primary spray tower and a secondary spray tower. The mercury concentration of the flue gas inlet is 9.64mg/m through monitoring by a monitoring point3The mercury concentration of the flue gas at the outlet after the first-stage spraying is 1.74mg/m3The mercury concentration of the outlet flue gas after secondary spraying is 0.12mg/m3The mercury concentration of the outlet flue gas after the modified activated carbon adsorption is 0.015mg/m3The calculated mercury removal efficiency is 99.84%, the grade of the mercury-rich slag is 35.41%, and the mercury-rich slag is used as a raw material for producing mercury products.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for comprehensively recovering mercury from mercury-containing flue gas in a clean and efficient manner is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of cooling the mercury-containing flue gas by a waste heat boiler, removing dust by a high-temperature electric precipitator, feeding the flue gas into at least one washing tower, spraying washing liquid in the washing tower, recovering the spraying liquid, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain mercury-rich slag, drying the flue gas in a drying tower, feeding the flue gas into a filler adsorption tower to obtain a mercury-rich adsorbent, adsorbing the flue gas, feeding the flue gas into next step for flue gas treatment, and discharging the flue gas, wherein the mercury-rich slag and the mercury-rich adsorbent are mercury product.
2. The method for efficiently and comprehensively recovering mercury from mercury-containing flue gas in a clean manner according to claim 1, characterized in that the spray solution is recovered after the mercury-containing flue gas enters the primary washing tower, the mercury-containing flue gas after primary washing enters the secondary washing tower, the spray solution is recovered after the mercury-containing flue gas is sprayed by the washing solution in the secondary washing tower, and the mercury-containing flue gas enters the drying tower.
3. The method for efficiently and comprehensively recovering mercury from mercury-containing flue gas in a clean manner according to claim 2, characterized in that the temperature of the mercury-containing flue gas after being treated by the high-temperature electric precipitator is 150-220 ℃.
4. The method for clean, efficient and comprehensive mercury recovery of mercury from mercury-containing flue gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the washing solution is a potassium chlorate solution, the concentration of potassium chlorate is 0.2-1.0 mol/L, and the temperature of the mixed washing solution is 5-20 ℃.
5. The method for clean, efficient and comprehensive recovery of mercury from mercury-containing flue gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adsorption filler of the filler adsorption tower is manganese-loaded modified activated carbon.
6. The method for clean, efficient and comprehensive recovery of mercury from mercury-containing flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that after cooling treatment of spray liquid recovery, solid-liquid separation is performed to obtain mercury-rich slag, and the cooling treatment is as follows: cooling by liquid saline at the temperature of minus 20 to minus 14 ℃.
7. The method for efficiently and comprehensively recovering mercury from mercury-containing flue gas in a clean manner according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the flue gas is 1050-1250 ℃.
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