CN112546667B - Hemin extraction device and restoration method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil - Google Patents
Hemin extraction device and restoration method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/0261—Solvent extraction of solids comprising vibrating mechanisms, e.g. mechanical, acoustical
- B01D11/0265—Applying ultrasound
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- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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Abstract
The invention discloses a humin extraction device and a restoration method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil, and belongs to the field of contaminated soil restoration and reinforcement. The invention provides a device capable of quickly extracting humin and restoring polluted soil by combining the prepared humin with a cementing material. The device of the invention adopts a temperature control method and a non-uniform ultrasonic vibration method to rapidly extract a large amount of humins and modify the humins. The humin and the heavy metal polluted soil are reacted for a period of time, and then the polluted soil is restored by doping the cementing material. The device can quickly remove impurities in the humin and extract a large amount of humin, and realizes standardized production. Meanwhile, the extracted humins are combined with the composite repairing method disclosed by the invention, so that the adverse effects of heavy metals in the polluted soil on cement hydration reaction and the like can be relieved, and the double improvement of the repairing effect of the heavy metal polluted soil and the reinforcing effect of the polluted soil foundation is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of polluted soil pollution restoration and reinforcement, and particularly relates to a humin extraction device and a restoration method for restoring heavy metal polluted soil.
Background
The solidification/stabilization treatment is an effective method for reinforcing the soil body and sealing and storing heavy metal elements in the polluted soil, such as Pb, Hg, Cd, Cr, Cu and the like, and has the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency, low cost and the like. However, when the cement and other cementing materials are used for treatment, the effect of the cementing materials is influenced by high-concentration pollutants, for example, the high-concentration heavy metal polluted soil delays the cement hydration process, influences the cement hydration effect, reduces the strength of the solidified soil, causes the heavy metal leaching concentration to be increased, causes environmental pollution and the like. Therefore, before the cement and other gelled materials are mixed, a certain pretreatment is adopted to stabilize the heavy metal repairing method, so that a better repairing effect can be achieved.
The humin is a stable component in organic matters, is a natural and green adsorbent, has larger porosity and surface area, has higher adsorbability of oxygen-containing functional groups to heavy metals, and can adsorb and complex the heavy metals, so the humin can be applied to the treatment of sewage and polluted soil. The humin is a part tightly combined with minerals, and due to stable properties, the humin complexing heavy metal and the cement solidifying and sealing heavy metal can achieve the effect of jointly reducing the heavy metal migration, and are proved in related experiments. Meanwhile, the humin is doped as a natural material, so that secondary pollution to the environment is avoided. However, because of the problems of more impurities in the humins, lack of equipment for quickly extracting and preparing the humins and the like, no humins standardized product exists on the market at present, and the humins are not widely applied to remediation of polluted soil. The invention provides a rapid and automatic humin extraction device for repairing heavy metal polluted soil by humin, which is characterized in that a temperature control method and a non-uniform ultrasonic vibration method are adopted to prepare purified humin, the mechanical effect of ultrasonic is utilized to break and remove impurities in the humin, the thermal effect is utilized to accelerate the extraction of non-humin components in peat soil by an extracting solution, and the physical and chemical effect of ultrasonic is utilized to improve the bioavailability of the humin.
After the humin is added into the polluted soil, the humin can be subjected to adsorption, complexation, chelation and other reactions with soil particles, heavy metals and the like in the environment, a period of time is required for the reactions to reach balance, and meanwhile, a certain time is also required for the curing/stabilizing treatment by adding curing agents such as cement and the like. Therefore, the invention provides a method for repairing heavy metal polluted soil so as to achieve the effect of fully stabilizing heavy metal pollutants.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a humin extraction device and a restoring method for restoring heavy metal polluted soil.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a humin extraction device for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises an extracting solution input module, a temperature control module, an extraction chamber, a filtering module, a heater, an ultrasonic vibration module, an output channel, a modification module, a drying module and a control module, wherein the extracting solution input module is connected with the temperature control module;
the extracting solution input module is communicated with the top of the extracting chamber and is used for injecting extracting solution into the extracting chamber;
the temperature control module is positioned in the extraction chamber and used for controlling the temperature in the extraction process;
the bottom of the extraction chamber is provided with a heater and an ultrasonic vibration module, the bottom of the extraction chamber is provided with an output channel communicated with the modification module, and a port at the top of the channel is provided with a filtering module; the heater is used for ensuring that the temperature of the extraction chamber maintains the set temperature; the ultrasonic vibration module is used for providing ultrasonic vibration with different frequencies; the extraction chamber provides a place for separating humins; the filter module has the functions of opening and closing the filter function and opening and closing the output channel, the output channel is closed in the extraction process of the humin, the output channel and the filter function are opened after the extraction process of each stage is finished, so that liquid in the extraction chamber is discharged, and when the humin is finally discharged, the output channel is opened and the filter function is closed, so that the humin completely enters the modification module;
the modification module is used for modifying humins aiming at soil bodies for repairing different pollutants;
the drying module is connected with the modification module and is used for filtering and separating liquid contained in the humins output by the modification module, and finally freezing, drying and collecting the humins;
the control module is used for controlling the automatic extraction process of the humins, and comprises the following steps:
(1) adding peat soil into an extraction chamber, adding 0.1mol/L NaOH solution through an extracting solution input module, controlling the mass ratio of the peat soil to the solution to be 0.1, controlling the temperature to be 35-45 ℃ through a temperature control module, setting an ultrasonic vibration module to vibrate for 30min at 80-120KHz, standing for 1h, opening a filter module, starting a filter function, and discharging liquid in the extraction chamber;
(2) repeating the step (1) for many times until the liquid is light yellow, adding 0.1mol/L HCl and 0.05mol/L HF into the filtered peat soil through an extracting solution input module to remove humic acid and fulvic acid in the humic acid, wherein the mass ratio of the peat soil to the mixed solution is 0.1, controlling the temperature at 25-35 ℃ through a temperature control module, and setting an ultrasonic vibration module to vibrate for 30min at 40-80KHz to reduce the adverse effect of the humic acid and the fulvic acid on the subsequent contaminated soil treatment effect;
(3) the humin is modified by the modification module aiming at different pollutants, and the humin has better heavy metal stabilizing effect by adopting a combined modification method of organic matters and oxidants; the organic matter comprises sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and the like, and the oxidant comprises concentrated sulfuric acid, ferric chloride and the like; standing for 24h at constant temperature in the modification process;
(4) injecting deionized water through the extracting solution input module, repeatedly washing the humin in the modification module, outputting the humin to the drying module for moisture filtration when the pH is neutral, finally freezing and drying the humin, sieving the humin with a 100-fold sieve and a 200-fold sieve, and collecting the humin.
Further, the temperature control module and the filtering module are arranged inside the extraction chamber, and the heater and the ultrasonic vibration module are arranged at the bottom of the extraction chamber.
Further, in the step (1), through the vibration effect of the ultrasonic vibration module, impurities in the humins are crushed and removed, the purity of the humins is improved, and meanwhile, the extraction effect of the NaOH solution on the humins is improved.
Further, in the step (2), the removal efficiency of humic acid and fulvic acid in humic acid by HCl and HF solution is improved through the vibration effect of the ultrasonic vibration module.
Furthermore, the modified module modifies the humin, so that the humin not only has the functions of adsorbing, complexing and chelating heavy metals, but also has the function of oxidizing and reducing the heavy metals, and a better treatment effect is achieved.
Furthermore, the temperature control module adjusts the temperature in the extraction chamber, so that the activity of the humins is not damaged, and the extraction efficiency is high.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for remediating contaminated soil using humins extracted by the above apparatus, the method comprising:
(1) adding the extracted humin into heavy metal polluted soil according to the mass fraction of 1-5%, and balancing for 2-10 days (set for different types of pollutants and pollutant concentrations) to achieve the effect of fully stabilizing heavy metals;
(2) after the humins fully adsorb, complex and chelate heavy metals, adding a cementing material for curing/stabilizing treatment, wherein the total dosage of the doped cementing material is 5-30% of the mass fraction of heavy metal polluted soil so as to meet the requirements of effective sealing of pollutants and foundation bearing capacity; curing for 3-28 days after the gel material is mixed, and simultaneously ensuring the humidity.
Further, the cementing material is selected from any one or a mixture of more than two of cement, fly ash and lime, the cementing material is selected according to the type of the heavy metal polluted soil, and the strength of the cementing material after the polluted soil is treated meets the requirement of the bearing capacity of the foundation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the humin extraction device, through automatic temperature rise and ultrasonic vibration control, impurities in humin can be removed rapidly, a large amount of humin can be extracted, standardized production is achieved, and the problem that humin is large in demand when being applied to repairing polluted soil, but due to the lack of a corresponding rapid preparation method and device, no humin standardized product exists in the market is solved.
2. The humin is modified by aiming at different pollutants, and the method of jointly modifying by adopting the organic matter and the oxidant ensures that the humin not only has the functions of adsorbing, complexing and chelating heavy metals, but also has the function of oxidizing and reducing the heavy metals, thereby achieving better treatment effect.
3. The humin extracted by the method is a natural environment-friendly material, and when the humin is used for treating heavy metal polluted soil, the adverse effects of heavy metals on hydration reaction and the like of a cementing material can be relieved, and the migration property and the bioavailability of the heavy metals are effectively reduced. Under the dual effects of absorbing and complexing the heavy metal by the humins, carrying out hydration reaction on the gelled material, sealing and precipitating the heavy metal, the effective fixation of the heavy metal is ensured, the diffusion of the heavy metal to the outside is reduced, and a better treatment effect is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a humin extraction device for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method for remedying heavy metal contaminated soil according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of unconfined compressive strength provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of lead leaching concentrations provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of morphological analysis of lead according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a humin extraction device for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the device includes an extract input module 1, a temperature control module 2, an extraction chamber 3, a filter module 4, a heater 5, an ultrasonic vibration module 6, an output channel 7, a modification module 8, a drying module 9, and a control module 10.
The extracting solution input module 1 is communicated with the top of the extracting chamber 3 and is used for injecting extracting solution into the extracting chamber 3; the temperature control module 2 is positioned in the extraction chamber 3 and used for controlling the temperature in the extraction process, so that the activity of the humins is not damaged, and the extraction efficiency is better.
The bottom of the extraction chamber 3 is provided with a heater 3 and an ultrasonic vibration module 6, the bottom of the extraction chamber is provided with an output channel 7 communicated with a modification module 8, and a port at the top of the channel is provided with a filtering module 4; the heater 3 is used for ensuring the temperature of the extraction chamber to maintain a set temperature; the ultrasonic vibration module 6 is used for providing ultrasonic vibration with different frequencies; the extraction chamber 3 provides a place for separating humins; the filtering module 4 has the functions of opening and closing the filtering function and opening and closing the output channel, the output channel 7 is closed in the extraction process of the humins, the output channel 7 and the filtering function are opened after the extraction process at each stage is finished, so that the liquid in the extraction chamber 3 is discharged, and when the humins are finally discharged, the output channel 7 is opened and the filtering function is closed, so that the humins completely enter the modification module 8.
The modification module 8 is used for modifying humins aiming at soil bodies with different pollutants; the modification module 8 modifies the humin, so that the humin not only has the functions of adsorbing, complexing and chelating heavy metals, but also has the function of oxidizing and reducing the heavy metals, and a better treatment effect is achieved.
And the drying module 9 is connected with the modification module 8 and is used for filtering and separating liquid contained in the humins output by the modification module 8, and finally freezing, drying and collecting the humins.
The control module 10 is used for controlling the automatic extraction process of humins, and comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a certain mass of peat soil into an extraction chamber 3, adding 0.1mol/L NaOH solution through an extracting solution input module 1, controlling the mass ratio of the peat soil to the solution to be 0.1, controlling the temperature to be 35-45 ℃ through a temperature control module 2, setting an ultrasonic vibration module 6 to vibrate for 30min at 80-120KHz, standing for 1h, then opening a filter module 4, starting a filter function, and discharging liquid in the extraction chamber 3; through the vibration effect of the ultrasonic vibration module 6, impurities in the humins are crushed and removed, the purity of the humins is improved, and meanwhile, the extraction effect of the NaOH solution on the humins is improved.
(2) Repeating the step (1) for many times until the liquid is light yellow, adding 0.1mol/L HCl and 0.05mol/L HF into the filtered peat soil through the extracting solution input module 1 to remove the humic acid and the fulvic acid in the humic acid, wherein the mass ratio of the peat soil to the mixed solution is 0.1, controlling the temperature at 25-35 ℃ through the temperature control module 2, and arranging the ultrasonic vibration module 6 to vibrate for 30min at 40-80KHz to reduce the adverse effect of the humic acid and the fulvic acid on the subsequent contaminated soil treatment effect; the removal efficiency of humic acid and fulvic acid in the humic acid by HCl and HF solution is improved by the vibration effect of the ultrasonic vibration module 6.
(3) The humin is modified by the modification module 8 aiming at different pollutants, and the humin has better heavy metal stabilizing effect by adopting a combined modification method of organic matters and oxidants; the organic matter comprises sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and the like, and the oxidant comprises concentrated sulfuric acid, ferric chloride and the like; and standing for 24 hours at constant temperature in the modification process.
(4) Injecting deionized water through the extracting solution input module 1, repeatedly washing the humin in the modification module 8, outputting to the drying module 9 for moisture filtration when the pH is neutral, finally freezing and drying the humin, and collecting after passing through a 100-mesh and 200-mesh sieve.
The embodiment also provides a method for restoring polluted soil by using the humins extracted by the device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding the extracted humin into heavy metal polluted soil according to the mass fraction of 1-5%, and balancing for 2-10 days (set for different types of pollutants and pollutant concentrations) to achieve the effect of fully stabilizing heavy metals;
(2) after the humins fully adsorb, complex and chelate heavy metals, adding a cementing material for curing/stabilizing treatment, wherein the total dosage of the doped cementing material is 5-30% of the mass fraction of heavy metal polluted soil so as to meet the requirements of effective sealing of pollutants and foundation bearing capacity; curing for 3-28 days after the gel material is mixed, and simultaneously ensuring the humidity.
The cementing material is selected from any one or a mixture of more than two of cement, fly ash and lime, and is selected according to the type of the heavy metal polluted soil, but the strength of the cementing material after the polluted soil is treated meets the requirement of the bearing capacity of the foundation.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, 0-2% of humin extracted by the device of the invention is added into lead polluted soil with lead concentration of 5000mg/kg and water content of 65%, after fully mixing, sealing and standing for 10 days, 10% of 42.5 Portland cement is added, the humin and the cement are doped relative to the weight of the polluted soil, the unconfined compressive strength is tested after cement curing is carried out for 7, 14 and 28 days, the leaching concentration of lead is tested, and the lead form (exchangeable state, carbonate combined state, iron-manganese oxide combined state, organic complex state and residue state) is tested after curing is carried out for 7 days.
Test results show that the strength of the soil in fig. 3 is slightly improved along with the doping of the humins, the hydration reaction of the cement can be delayed due to the high-concentration lead in the polluted soil, and the humins are doped in the early stage, so that part of active lead ions are adsorbed and complexed, the damage of the humins to the hydration reaction of the cement is reduced, but the humins can not influence the hydration reaction of the cement. As can be seen in fig. 4, the leaching concentration of lead gradually decreased with the incorporation of humins, and the leaching concentration of lead in the group to which 2.0% humins was added decreased by 47.2%, 46.9% and 35.0% at 7 days, 14 days and 28 days, respectively. As can be seen in fig. 5, humins reduce lead migration and bioavailability. The lead is beneficial to the conversion of active lead to a more stable form, the carbonate binding state is gradually reduced along with the doping of the humins, and the lead in the iron-manganese oxide binding state, the organic matter binding state and the residue state is gradually increased. By adding 2.0% of the humins, 17.0%, 71.8% and 50.6% of lead in the combined state of iron and manganese oxides, the combined state of organic matters and the residue state are respectively increased. Therefore, the humin serving as a natural environment-friendly material can relieve the adverse effects of heavy metals on cement hydration reaction and the like in the curing/stabilizing treatment process, effectively reduce the leaching concentration of lead, reduce the diffusion of lead to the surrounding environment, promote the transformation of lead to a more stable form through morphological analysis, reduce the migration and bioavailability of lead, and further reduce the harm to animals and plants.
The embodiment is only a part of embodiments, and different cementing materials (cement, fly ash and lime) can be selected according to different types of heavy metal polluted soil, and humins and the cementing materials with different qualities are mixed to achieve a better environment treatment effect.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications that can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention should fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A humin extraction method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil is characterized in that the method is realized based on a humin extraction device, wherein the humin extraction device comprises an extracting solution input module, a temperature control module, an extraction chamber, a filtering module, a heater, an ultrasonic vibration module, an output channel, a modification module, a drying module and a control module;
the extracting solution input module is communicated with the top of the extracting chamber and is used for injecting extracting solution into the extracting chamber;
the temperature control module is positioned in the extraction chamber and used for controlling the temperature in the extraction process;
the bottom of the extraction chamber is provided with a heater and an ultrasonic vibration module, the bottom of the extraction chamber is provided with an output channel communicated with the modification module, and a port at the top of the channel is provided with a filtering module; the heater is used for ensuring that the temperature of the extraction chamber maintains the set temperature; the ultrasonic vibration module is used for providing ultrasonic vibration with different frequencies; the extraction chamber provides a place for separating humins; the filter module has the functions of opening and closing the filter function and opening and closing the output channel, the output channel is closed in the extraction process of the humin, the output channel and the filter function are opened after the extraction process of each stage is finished, so that liquid in the extraction chamber is discharged, and when the humin is finally discharged, the output channel is opened and the filter function is closed, so that the humin completely enters the modification module;
the modification module is used for modifying humins aiming at soil bodies for repairing different pollutants;
the drying module is connected with the modification module and is used for filtering and separating liquid contained in the humins output by the modification module, and finally freezing, drying and collecting the humins;
the control module is used for controlling the automatic extraction process of the humins;
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding peat soil into an extraction chamber, adding 0.1mol/L NaOH solution through an extracting solution input module, controlling the mass ratio of the peat soil to the solution to be 0.1, controlling the temperature to be 35-45 ℃ through a temperature control module, setting an ultrasonic vibration module to vibrate for 30min at 80-120KHz, standing for 1h, opening a filter module, starting a filter function, and discharging liquid in the extraction chamber;
(2) repeating the step (1) for many times until the liquid is light yellow, adding 0.1mol/L HCl and 0.05mol/L HF into the filtered peat soil through an extracting solution input module to remove humic acid and fulvic acid in the humic acid, wherein the mass ratio of the peat soil to the mixed solution is 0.1, controlling the temperature at 25-35 ℃ through a temperature control module, and setting an ultrasonic vibration module to vibrate for 30min at 40-80KHz to reduce the adverse effect of the humic acid and the fulvic acid on the subsequent contaminated soil treatment effect;
(3) the humin is modified by the modification module aiming at different pollutants, and the humin has better heavy metal stabilizing effect by adopting a combined modification method of organic matters and oxidants; the organic matter comprises sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, and the oxidant comprises concentrated sulfuric acid and ferric chloride; standing for 24h at constant temperature in the modification process;
(4) injecting deionized water through the extracting solution input module, repeatedly washing the humin in the modification module, outputting the humin to the drying module for moisture filtration when the pH is neutral, finally freezing and drying the humin, sieving the humin with a 100-fold sieve and a 200-fold sieve, and collecting the humin.
2. The extraction method of humins for remedying the heavy metal contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the temperature control module and the filtering module are inside the extraction chamber, and the heater and the ultrasonic vibration module are disposed at the bottom of the extraction chamber.
3. The method for extracting humins used for remedying the heavy metal contaminated soil as set forth in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), impurities in the humins are crushed and removed by the vibration effect of the ultrasonic vibration module, so that the purity of the humins is improved, and the extraction effect of the NaOH solution on the humins is improved.
4. The method for extracting humins used for remedying the heavy metal contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the removal efficiency of humins and fulvic acid in the humins by the HCl and HF solution is improved through the vibration effect of the ultrasonic vibration module.
5. The method for extracting humins used for remedying the heavy metal contaminated soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the modification module modifies humins so that the humins not only have the effects of adsorbing, complexing and chelating heavy metals, but also have the functions of oxidizing and reducing heavy metals, thereby achieving better treatment effect.
6. The humin extraction method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil as recited in claim 1, wherein the temperature control module adjusts the temperature in the extraction chamber, so that the humin extraction efficiency is improved while the activity of the humin is not damaged.
7. A method for remediating contaminated soil using humins extracted by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
(1) adding the extracted humin into heavy metal polluted soil according to the mass fraction of 1-5%, and balancing for 2-10 days to achieve the effect of fully stabilizing heavy metals;
(2) after the humins fully adsorb, complex and chelate heavy metals, adding a cementing material for curing/stabilizing treatment, wherein the total dosage of the doped cementing material is 5-30% of the mass fraction of heavy metal polluted soil so as to meet the requirements of effective sealing of pollutants and foundation bearing capacity; curing for 3-28 days after the gel material is mixed, and simultaneously ensuring the humidity.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the cementing material is selected from one or a mixture of more than two of cement, fly ash and lime, and is selected according to the type of the heavy metal polluted soil, but the strength of the cementing material after the polluted soil is treated meets the requirement of foundation bearing capacity.
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