CN112544568B - Construction method of temozolomide drug-resistant model in brain glioblastoma and acquisition method of drug-resistant cells - Google Patents
Construction method of temozolomide drug-resistant model in brain glioblastoma and acquisition method of drug-resistant cells Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a construction method of a temozolomide drug-resistant model in brain glioblastoma and an acquisition method of drug-resistant cells, and relates to the technical field of animal models. According to the invention, a 3D-PCX model is constructed by combining PDX, 3D culture and PCX, and a GBM in-vivo TMZ drug resistance model based on the 3D-PCX is constructed on the basis of the model. The construction method is simple to operate, can simulate TMZ drug metabolism in a patient and the influence of the micro environment of tumor tissue on tumor drug resistance to the greatest extent, and ensures the heterogeneity and diversity of the original tumor tissue; and the related drug-resistant cell strain can be obtained through primary culture to carry out in vitro related experiments, so that the stability and consistency of in vitro and in vivo experiments are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of animal models, and particularly relates to a construction method of a temozolomide drug-resistant model in a brain glioblastoma and an acquisition method of drug-resistant cells.
Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common, most malignant primary brain tumor. GBM treatment usually employs a combination of surgery and chemotherapy, but in view of current clinical data, the median survival of GBM patients is less than 15 months, even with the most aggressive treatment. Temozolomide (TMZ) as a standard first-line chemotherapeutic for clinical treatment of GBM can exert its antitumor effect rapidly across the blood brain barrier. However, about 55% of glioma patients do not benefit from TMZ chemotherapy due to their primary resistance, and in addition, secondary resistance that occurs during TMZ use further limits their clinical use. Therefore, establishing a TMZ-related GBM drug resistance model is a basis for researching a GBM drug resistance mechanism, and has important significance for increasing clinical treatment effects, improving long-term survival rate of patients and improving life quality.
The construction of the traditional GBM drug resistance model is generally based on in vitro cultured cell strains, the cell strains are induced to gradually generate drug resistance through drug intervention and are maintained, and then the obtained drug resistance cell strains are subjected to related in vitro and in vivo researches such as functionality, molecular genetics and the like. However, the drug resistance model mainly used for in vitro cell culture only focuses on the stimulation of drugs to cell communities, ignores the influence of factors such as the whole tumor tissue and the local tumor microenvironment on the tumor drug resistance, and often cannot reflect the real in vivo situation. In addition, due to factors such as tumor tissue evolution and heterogeneity, the commercialized cell strain has great differences with the tumor tissue of a patient in biological characteristics and genetic background, and the cell type and genetic background are relatively single, so that the heterogeneity and diversity of the original tumor tissue are ignored. Most importantly, TMZ does not directly act as GBM first-line chemotherapeutic drugs, and is required to hydrolyze into 5- (3-methyltriazen-1) imidazole-4-amide under physiological pH in human bodies so as to play an anti-tumor role, so that the in-vitro TMZ induced cell strain has long drug resistance period and unobvious effect, a stable GBM drug resistance model is difficult to obtain, and the actual clinical drug condition cannot be simulated by using other anti-tumor drugs for induction.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a method for constructing a temozolomide drug-resistant model in a brain glioblastoma body and a method for acquiring drug-resistant cells, wherein the model construction method is simple, the constructed model can simulate the effects of in-vivo drug metabolism and tumor tissue microenvironment on tumor drug resistance to the greatest extent, and related drug-resistant cell lines can be obtained through primary culture to carry out in-vitro related experiments, so that the stability and consistency of in-vitro and in-vivo experiments are ensured.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a construction method of a temozolomide drug resistance model in brain glioblastoma, which comprises the following steps: (1) After the glioblastoma tissue from the patient is digested, inoculating the glioblastoma tissue to a 3D culture plate for culturing into cell balls;
(2) Digesting the pellet into a single cell suspension at 5X 10 6 200 μl of the strain was inoculated into nude mice to obtain 3D-PCX model based on GBM patient source;
(3) In vivo tumor length to 100mm for the 3D-PCX model 3 After the size, the medicine is administrated every other day, after the medicine resistance is induced, tumor tissues are continuously passaged in a nude mouse body, and the brain glioblastoma in-vivo temozolomide medicine resistance model is obtained; the dosage of temozolomide is 20mg/kg when the temozolomide is administered.
Preferably, the digestion of step (1) comprises washing the glioblastoma tissue with HBSS medium followed by shearing, mixing with an equal volume of pancreatin solution for digestion; the pancreatin solution has a mass percentage of 0.125%.
Preferably, the digestion in the step (1) is carried out at 37 ℃ for 12-18 min.
Preferably, the seeding of step (1) comprises seeding 400 cells per well in a 96-well 3D culture plate, and culturing with stem cell culture medium or DOBA culture medium.
Preferably, the temperature of the culture is 37 ℃, and the formation of the cell ball is observed every 24 hours of the culture until the cell ball is 100 mu m in size, and the culture is stopped.
Preferably, the medium is changed every two days during the cultivation.
Preferably, the serial passage in step (3) comprises taking out tumor tissue in vivo, cleaning, shearing, transferring into new nude mice, and waiting for tumor growth to 100mm 3 After that, the administration is repeated; the number of the serial passages is 2 to 5.
The invention also provides a method for obtaining temozolomide resistant cells in brain glioblastoma, which comprises the following steps: (a) Taking out the tumor tissue of the temozolomide drug-resistant model in the brain glioblastoma body, which is constructed by the construction method, cleaning, shearing, and mixing with a pancreatin solution with the volume of 10 times for digestion;
(b) Centrifuging after digestion is stopped, discarding supernatant, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve after resuspension to obtain the solution of the drug-resistant cells.
Preferably, the pancreatin solution of step (a) has a mass percentage of 0.125%; the digestion temperature is 37 ℃, and the digestion time is 12-18 min.
Preferably, the rotational speed of the centrifugation in step (b) is 1000rpm and the centrifugation time is 15min.
The invention provides a construction method of a brain Glioblastoma (GBM) in-vivo Temozolomide (TMZ) drug resistance model, which combines PDX, 3D culture and PCX to construct a 3D-PCX model, and constructs the GBM in-vivo TMZ drug resistance model based on the 3D-PCX on the basis of the model. The construction method is simple to operate, can simulate TMZ drug metabolism in a patient and the influence of the micro environment of tumor tissue on tumor drug resistance to the greatest extent, and ensures the heterogeneity and diversity of the original tumor tissue; and the related drug-resistant cell strain can be obtained through primary culture to carry out in vitro related experiments, so that the stability and consistency of in vitro and in vivo experiments are ensured.
The GBM in-vivo TMZ drug-resistant model is constructed on the basis of a 3D-PCX model, and because the 3D cultured cell spheres can be frozen and amplified, the model has great flexibility for the subsequent PCX modeling, not only retains the advantage of good clinical efficacy predictability of the PDX model, but also overcomes the defects of high requirement on tumor tissue activity, immediate transplantation and the like to a certain extent, and shortens the period of model construction. The stable drug resistance model obtained by the construction method can be used for researching drug resistance related molecular events, molecular tags and biomarkers through means of high-throughput sequencing, chip, histology and the like, and can also be used as a favorable tool for functional research and targeted drug screening.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing 3D cell culture results based on GBM patient source;
FIG. 2 is a tumor growth volume curve based on a 3D-PCX model of GBM patient origin;
FIG. 3 is a tumor growth volume curve of an in vivo TMZ drug resistance model based on a 3D-PCX model;
FIG. 4 shows the results of in vitro cytotoxicity experiments of different antitumor drugs;
FIG. 5 shows the results of an in vivo anti-tumor experiment with TMZ.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a construction method of a temozolomide drug resistance model in brain glioblastoma, which comprises the following steps: (1) After the glioblastoma tissue from the patient is digested, inoculating the glioblastoma tissue to a 3D culture plate for culturing into cell balls;
(2) Digesting the pellet into a single cell suspension at 5X 10 6 200 μl of the strain was inoculated into nude mice to obtain 3D-PCX model based on GBM patient source;
(3) In vivo tumor length to 100mm for the 3D-PCX model 3 After the size, the medicine is administrated every other day, after the medicine resistance is induced, tumor tissues are continuously passaged in a nude mouse body, and the brain glioblastoma in-vivo temozolomide medicine resistance model is obtained; the dosage of temozolomide is 20mg/kg when the temozolomide is administered.
The invention digests glioblastoma tissue from a patient and then inoculates the glioblastoma tissue on a 3D culture plate to culture into cell balls. The invention digests GBM tissue from a patient, wherein the digestion preferably comprises the steps of washing the glioblastoma tissue with HBSS culture medium, shearing the glioblastoma tissue, and mixing with an equal volume of pancreatin solution for digestion; the pancreatin solution has a mass percentage of 0.125%. The cleaning of the invention is preferably carried out under aseptic conditions by taking a small piece of tumor tissue with surgical scissors, placing the small piece of tumor tissue into a culture dish, and cleaning the small piece of tumor tissue with HBSS culture medium for 3 times to remove impurities and blood. The method comprises the steps of shearing the cleaned GBM tissue to digest, mixing the sheared GBM tissue with an equal volume of pancreatin solution, repeatedly blowing with a suction pipe for 30-50 times, placing the mixture into a 37 ℃ incubator to incubate for 5min, repeating for 3 times, adding an equal volume of DMEM (containing 10% of FBS, m/m) to stop digestion when the tissue becomes sticky, centrifuging at 1000rpm for 5min, discarding the supernatant, reserving an intermediate layer and a lower layer, adding 10 times of DMEM (containing 10% of FBS, m/m) of FBS, uniformly mixing and sieving, and obtaining primary tumor cells. The invention preferably inoculates the cells in 96-well 3D culture plates after counting the primary tumor cells, 400 cells per well, with stem cell medium or DOBA medium. The invention preferably further comprises centrifugation at 1000rpm for 5min after said seeding to allow the cells to sit at the bottom of the 96-well plate. The invention preferably uses an EVOS living cell workstation to observe the condition that cells form cell balls after being cultured for 24 hours at 37 ℃, the culture medium is replaced every two days, and the cell balls are directly frozen after being grown to 100 mu m (shown in figure 1) or are frozen after being digested into single cell suspension for subsequent experiments.
After obtaining the cell pellet, the invention digests the cell pellet into single cell suspension at a ratio of 5×10 6 A density of 200. Mu.l was inoculated into nude mice to obtain a 3D-PCX model based on GBM patient source. The invention preferably recuperates the directly frozen cell ball, and then passages the cell ball, digests the cell ball into single cell suspension with 5 multiplied by 10 after the cell state is good 6 A density of 200. Mu.l was inoculated into the armpit of nude mice, and after successful tumor implantation, the tumor size was observed and recorded, as shown in FIG. 2, based on the construction of a GBM patient-derived 3D-PCX model.
After the 3D-PCX model is obtained, the invention treats that the in-vivo tumor of the 3D-PCX model grows to 100mm 3 After the size, the medicine is administrated every other day, after the medicine resistance is induced, tumor tissues are continuously passaged in a nude mouse body, and the brain glioblastoma in-vivo temozolomide medicine resistance model is obtained; the dosage of temozolomide is 20mg/kg when the temozolomide is administered. The invention preferably makes a tumor of up to 100mm in said body 3 Simulating clinical medication, administering TMZ by intragastric administration at intervals of 20mg/kg, preferably 2ml, observing and recording tumor size, overdosing mice after 14 days of continuous administration, taking out tumor tissue under aseptic condition, placing into culture dish, washing with HBSS culture medium for 3 times, removing impurities and blood, shearing with scissors into granule size, transferring to armpit subcutaneous of healthy nude mice, and keeping tumor growth to 100mm 3 After the size, the administration is repeated, and as shown in FIG. 3, the procedure is preferably repeated 2 to 5 times, more preferablySelecting and repeating for 3 times to obtain a stable in-vivo TMZ drug resistance model.
The invention also provides a temozolomide drug-resistant model in the brain glioblastoma body, which is constructed by the construction method, and the TMZ drug-resistant model in the GBM body not only can be used for researching drug-resistant related molecular events, molecular labels and biomarkers through means of high-throughput sequencing, chip, group science and the like, but also can be used as a tool for functional research and targeted drug screening.
The invention also provides a method for obtaining temozolomide resistant cells in brain glioblastoma, which comprises the following steps: (a) Taking out the tumor tissue of the temozolomide drug-resistant model in the brain glioblastoma body, which is constructed by the construction method, cleaning, shearing, and mixing with a pancreatin solution with the volume of 10 times for digestion;
(b) Centrifuging after digestion is stopped, discarding supernatant, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve after resuspension to obtain the solution of the drug-resistant cells.
The invention takes out the tumor tissue of the temozolomide drug-resistant model in the brain glioblastoma body, which is constructed by the construction method, and the tumor tissue is sheared after cleaning and is mixed with a pancreatin solution with the volume of 10 times for digestion. The present invention preferably oversubstanties the model, takes out tumor tissue under aseptic conditions, places it in a petri dish, washes it 3 times with HBSS medium, removes impurities and blood, and then shears it as much as possible with scissors. The method of the invention is to digest the sheared tumor tissue by mixing with 10 volumes of pancreatin solution, preferably the same as described above, and will not be described here again.
The invention is centrifuged after digestion is stopped, the supernatant is discarded, and the supernatant is resuspended with a stem cell culture medium or a DOBA culture medium and then screened by a 200-mesh sieve, so that the drug-resistant cells are obtained. Preferably, when the digested tissue becomes viscous, adding an equal volume of DMEM (containing 10% of FBS, m/m) to stop digestion, centrifuging, wherein the rotating speed of the centrifuging is preferably 1000rpm, the centrifuging time is preferably 15min, removing the supernatant, reserving the middle layer and the lower layer, adding 10 times of DMEM (containing 10% of FBS, m/m) to mix uniformly, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain a solution of drug-resistant cells based on a TMZ in the GBM body. The drug-resistant cell gram provided by the invention is used for culturing 3D tumor balls, and can also be used for liquid nitrogen cryopreservation or for subsequent in-vivo and in-vitro research.
The method for constructing a drug-resistant model of temozolomide in a glioblastoma brain and the method for obtaining drug-resistant cells provided by the invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
(1) 3D cell culture based on GBM patient source
The GBM fresh tumor tissue is collected, a small piece of tumor tissue is taken by surgical scissors under the aseptic condition, placed in a culture dish, and washed 3 times by HBSS culture medium, and impurities and blood are removed. Then, the tissue fragments are transferred to a 15ml sterile centrifuge tube by shearing as much as possible to facilitate tissue digestion, 0.125% pancreatin (m/m) is added in an equal volume, the mixture is repeatedly blown by a suction tube for 30 to 50 times, the mixture is placed in a 37 ℃ incubator for 5 minutes, the mixture is repeated for 3 times, when the tissue becomes sticky, DMEM (10% FBS, m/m) is added in an equal volume to stop digestion, and the mixture is centrifuged at 1000rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant was discarded, the middle and lower layers were retained, 10 volumes of DMEM (10% FBS in m/m) was added, and the mixture was uniformly mixed and sieved to obtain primary tumor cells. Cells were seeded in 96-well 3D plates, 400 cells per well, 6 wells were repeated, cultured in either stem cell medium or DOBA medium, and after seeding in 96-well plates, the cells were centrifuged at 1000rpm for 5min and the cells were detached to the bottom of the 96-well plates. After culturing for 24 hours in a 37 ℃ incubator, observing the condition of forming cell balls by using an EVOS living cell workstation, changing a culture medium every two days, and directly freezing and preserving after the cell balls are 100 mu m in length (shown in figure 1) or digesting into single cell suspension for freezing and preserving for subsequent experiments.
(2) 3D-PCX model construction based on GBM patient source
Resuscitating the obtained 3D-cultured primary tumor pellet, and digesting the cells into single cell suspension at a ratio of 5×10 6 A density of 200. Mu.l was inoculated into the armpit of nude mice, and after successful tumor implantation, the tumor size was observed and recorded. As shown in table 1 and fig. 2, GBM-based patientsThe 3D-PCX model of the human origin is successfully constructed.
TABLE 1 tumor volume (mm) of 3D-PCX model 3 )
(3) Construction of in-vivo TMZ drug resistance model based on 3D-PCX model
On the basis of the obtained 3D-PCX model, the tumor grows to 100mm 3 The clinical medication is simulated after the size, TMZ is administrated in a gastric lavage mode every other day, the administration concentration is 20mg/kg, the administration volume is 2ml, the tumor size is observed and recorded, the mice are anesthetized excessively after 14 days of continuous administration, tumor tissues are taken out under the aseptic condition, the tumor tissues are placed in a culture dish, and the culture dish is washed 3 times by HBSS culture medium to remove impurities and blood. Then shearing into rice grain size with scissors, transferring to armpit subcutaneous of healthy nude mice, and until tumor grows to 100mm 3 After the size, the administration was repeated. As shown in table 2 and fig. 3, a stable in vivo TMZ drug resistance model was obtained by repeating this step 3 times.
TABLE 2 tumor volume (mm) of 3D-PCX model after TMZ administration 3 )
Note that: * P.ltoreq.0.05 and p.ltoreq.0.01 are results of Student's test relative to the first generation; # p is less than or equal to 0.05 ## P.ltoreq.0.01 is the result of Student's test against the first generation
(4) Drug resistant tissue and cell acquisition based on the intra-TMZ drug resistant model in GBM body.
The model mice were oversleeched, tumor tissues were removed under aseptic conditions, placed in petri dishes, washed 3 times with HBSS medium, and then with scissors to remove impurities and blood, and then with scissors to be as chopped as possible. Transferring tissue fragments into a 15ml sterile centrifuge tube, adding 0.125% pancreatin (m/m) with 10 times of volume, repeatedly blowing with a suction tube for 30-50 times, placing into a 37 ℃ incubator for incubation for 5min, repeating for 3 times, when the tissue becomes sticky, adding DMEM (containing 10% FBS, m/m) with equal volume to stop digestion, and centrifuging at 1000rpm for 15min. The supernatant was discarded, the middle and lower layers were retained, 10 volumes of DMEM (10% FBS in m/m) were added and mixed well through a 200 mesh screen to obtain drug resistant cells based on the TMZ in vivo drug resistance model of the GBM.
Example 2
Taking human glioma cells U87, U251, U118 and A172 in good logarithmic growth phase, and the drug resistant cells obtained in example 1, respectively at 1×10 5 After incubation in 96-well plates at a density of/ml for 24h, TMZ with different concentration gradients (100. Mu.M, 200. Mu.M, 400. Mu.M, 600. Mu.M, 800. Mu.M, 1000. Mu.M, 1200. Mu.M, 1400. Mu.M, 1600. Mu.M, 1800. Mu.M) was added for 48h. After incubation, 20. Mu.l of CCK-8 solution was added to each well, after incubation was continued for 2 hours, the OD value at 450nm was measured by means of an ELISA reader, and finally the IC of the test compound was calculated by means of GraphPadPrism7.0 50 Values. As shown in fig. 4 and table 3, the drug resistant cells were significantly resistant to TMZ relative to U87, U251, U118, and a 172.
TABLE 3 IC of TMZ 50 Value (mu M)
Note that: * P.ltoreq.0.05 and p.ltoreq.0.01 are Student's test results relative to the drug resistant cell line.
Example 3
The U87 cells and the drug resistant cells obtained in example 1 were inoculated under the right armpit of balb/c nude mice, respectively, and the tumor was grown to 100mm 3 The clinical medication is simulated, TMZ is administered in a gastric lavage mode for every other day, the administration concentration is 20mg/kg, the administration volume is 2ml, the tumor volume is measured every day after administration, and a tumor growth curve is drawn. As shown in fig. 5 and table 4, the resistant cells were significantly resistant to TMZ in vivo relative to U87 cells.
Table 4 tumor volume (mm) after TMZ administration 3 )
Note that: * P.ltoreq.0.05 and p.ltoreq.0.01 are Student's test results relative to the U87 cell line.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for constructing the temozolomide drug resistance model in the brain glioblastoma is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) After the glioblastoma tissue from the patient is digested, inoculating the glioblastoma tissue to a 3D culture plate for culturing into cell balls; the temperature of the culture is 37 ℃, the formation of cell balls is observed every 24 hours of culture, and the culture is stopped until the cell balls are as long as 100 mu m;
(2) Digesting the pellet into a single cell suspension at 5X 10 6 200 μl of the strain was inoculated into nude mice to obtain 3D-PCX model based on GBM patient source;
(3) In vivo tumor length to 100mm for the 3D-PCX model 3 After the size, the medicine is administrated every other day, after the medicine resistance is induced, tumor tissues are continuously passaged in a nude mouse body, and the brain glioblastoma in-vivo temozolomide medicine resistance model is obtained; the serial passage includes taking out tumor tissue in vivo, washing, shearing to transfer to new nude mouse, and repeating until tumor grows to 100mm 3 After that, the administration is repeated; the number of the serial passages is 2-5; the dosage of temozolomide is 20mg/kg when the temozolomide is administered.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the digestion of step (1) comprises washing the glioblastoma tissue with HBSS medium followed by shearing, mixing with an equal volume of pancreatin solution for digestion; the pancreatin solution has a mass percentage of 0.125%.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the digestion in step (1) is carried out at 37 ℃ for a period of 12 to 18 minutes.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the seeding in step (1) comprises seeding 400 cells per well in a 96-well 3D culture plate, culturing in stem cell medium or DOBA medium.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the medium is replaced every two days during the culturing.
6. A method for obtaining temozolomide resistant cells in brain glioblastoma, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (a) Taking out the tumor tissue of the temozolomide drug-resistant model in the brain glioblastoma body constructed by the construction method of any one of claims 1 to 5, cleaning, shearing, and mixing with a pancreatin solution with 10 times of volume for digestion;
(b) Centrifuging after digestion is stopped, discarding supernatant, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve after resuspension to obtain the solution of the drug-resistant cells.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the pancreatin solution of step (a) is present in an amount of 0.125% by mass; the digestion temperature is 37 ℃, and the digestion time is 12-18 min.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the centrifugation in step (b) is performed at a rotational speed of 1000rpm for a period of 15 minutes.
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| CN102329860A (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2012-01-25 | 江涛 | Molecular mark related to glioblastoma multiforme treatment with temozolomide |
| CN103525765A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2014-01-22 | 李文斌 | Drug-resistant glioblastoma cell line of primary temozolomide and bevacizumab, construction method and application of cell line |
| CN108795867A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-11-13 | 华东理工大学 | The method for shifting external threedimensional model for building colon cancer cell peritonaeum |
| CN110484506A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-11-22 | 中南大学湘雅医院 | The construction method of glioblastoma organoid model and application |
| CN110592022A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-20 | 罗国安 | Special culture medium for lung tumor organoid and 3D culture method without stent |
| CN111670247A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2020-09-15 | 京诊断株式会社 | Method for preparing cancer spheroids and method for selecting colorectal cancer patients |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102329860A (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2012-01-25 | 江涛 | Molecular mark related to glioblastoma multiforme treatment with temozolomide |
| CN103525765A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2014-01-22 | 李文斌 | Drug-resistant glioblastoma cell line of primary temozolomide and bevacizumab, construction method and application of cell line |
| CN111670247A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2020-09-15 | 京诊断株式会社 | Method for preparing cancer spheroids and method for selecting colorectal cancer patients |
| CN108795867A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-11-13 | 华东理工大学 | The method for shifting external threedimensional model for building colon cancer cell peritonaeum |
| CN110484506A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-11-22 | 中南大学湘雅医院 | The construction method of glioblastoma organoid model and application |
| CN110592022A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-20 | 罗国安 | Special culture medium for lung tumor organoid and 3D culture method without stent |
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