CN112543702A - 衬板的片层和用于瓦楞纸板的轻质衬板 - Google Patents

衬板的片层和用于瓦楞纸板的轻质衬板 Download PDF

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CN112543702A
CN112543702A CN201980042247.0A CN201980042247A CN112543702A CN 112543702 A CN112543702 A CN 112543702A CN 201980042247 A CN201980042247 A CN 201980042247A CN 112543702 A CN112543702 A CN 112543702A
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sheet
liner
ctmp
ply
calculated
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S.拉姆派宁
F.彭
A.拉克索
A-P.梅塔宁
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Stora Enso Oyj
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Stora Enso Oyj
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于瓦楞纸板的衬板的片层，所述片层呈现出高强度性质并且其使得能够生产轻质衬板。本发明的片层包含20‑80重量％来自木纤维的CTMP和80‑20重量％化学浆，以所述片层总纤维重量计算，以及选自以下的强度添加剂：微原纤化纤维素(MFC)，阴离子或阳离子聚合物和淀粉或其组合。所述片层呈现出高于22Nm/g的几何SCT指数和低于680kg/m3，优选低于650kg/m3的密度。

Description

衬板的片层和用于瓦楞纸板的轻质衬板
技术领域
本发明涉及衬板的片层，包含所述片层和瓦楞纸板的轻质衬板。
背景技术
瓦楞纸板是一种包装材料，其可转换为不同类型的包装解决方案。瓦楞纸板是一种基于纤维的材料，包括瓦楞原纸(corrugated medium)(波纹纸(fluting，波纹))和至少一个附着到有波纹的原纸的表面上的平坦衬垫或衬板，从而形成夹心(sandwich，三明治)结构。通过使用热、水分和压力，使用瓦楞机将中央纸层(称为瓦楞原纸)成型为瓦楞形状。将一张或两张平坦纸(称为衬垫)胶合至瓦楞原纸的尖端。夹心可以不同方式形成，例如以单壁、双壁和三壁，如Kirwan M.,J.,Paper and Paperboard.Packaging Technology,Blackwell Publishing 2005中所述。
存在着不同种类的瓦楞纸板品质，并且其可包括不同类型的衬垫和瓦楞原纸。不同类型的衬垫的实例为牛皮纸衬垫、白面牛皮纸衬垫和废纸挂面纸板衬垫(testliner)。牛皮纸衬垫典型地由可漂白或未漂白的牛皮纸浆生产，并且可包括一个或多个层，其中通常对顶层进行优化以提供良好的印刷表面和良好的耐湿性。废纸挂面纸板衬垫主要由再循环的旧瓦楞纸板生产，并且大部分以两个层进行。牛皮纸衬垫通常用于对强度性质有更高要求的包装盒中。
对环境的关注增加了对重量更轻的衬板的需求，从而减少原材料消耗。然而，减少衬板的克重可能负面影响强度性质，尤其是抗弯刚度，这反过来可能引起波纹插板(interflute，瓦楞间)屈曲和下凹的问题。当瓦楞纸箱的衬垫片层在负荷下屈曲时，会发生波纹插板屈曲的问题，从而减弱了结构强度。下凹是由于瓦楞纸箱的底侧在负荷下变形的结果。另外，尺寸稳定性也可能受到影响，这导致了波形皱缩(washboarding，洗衣板化)问题以及其生产的瓦楞纸板的可印刷性差。“波形皱缩”或“波形皱缩效果”是由瓦楞纸板制造过程产生的不期望的效果，其在表面印刷之后可能会变得甚至更加明显。波形皱缩效果通常与干燥期间衬垫和波纹纸之间的界面胶的扩散/吸收以及胶的收缩有关。当胶粘剂变干时，衬垫可占据波纹纸的轮廓，从而导致波形皱缩外观。
因此，衬板制造商的一个挑战是使得能够生产具有保持或改进的强度性质以及对波形皱缩和下凹具有抵抗力的轻质衬垫。
在多层液体包装板中，化学-热机械浆(CTMP)经常用于中间片层以增加松厚度(bulk)。但是，由于被认为不可能获得这样的构造所需的高强度性质，因此其在衬板中的使用受到限制。
US5080758公开了一种基本上仅由机械或化学-机械浆制造的衬板，其具有由细纤维化学机械浆形成的第一表面层和由机械或化学-机械浆形成的第二层，用于形成所述第二层的所述浆的至少50％是粗机械浆。细纤维浆由西部红雪松(Western Red Cedar)形成，并且第二层由道格拉斯冷杉(Douglas Fir)和西部红雪松的混合物形成。然而，强度性质，例如仅约2kPa.m2/g的耐破(burst)指数，使其不适合在所有应用中用作牛皮纸衬垫的替代物。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供用于瓦楞纸板的轻质衬板的片层，所述片层呈现出高强度性质并且其使得能够生产轻质衬板，而不存在与使用现有技术的瓦楞纸板中的轻质衬板相关的问题。
本发明由所附的独立权利要求定义。实施方式在所附的从属权利要求书和以下描述中提出。
在第一方面，本发明公开了用于瓦楞纸板的衬板的片层，所述片层包含-20-80重量％来自木纤维的CTMP和80-20重量％化学浆，全部百分数以所述片层的总纤维重量计算，
-选自以下的强度添加剂：微原纤化纤维素(MFC)，阴离子或阳离子聚合物和淀粉或其组合，并且所述片层呈现出
-高于22Nm/g的几何SCT指数
-低于680kg/m3，优选低于650kg/m3的密度。
在正常情况下，压缩强度(可以使用短距压缩测试仪(SCT)进行测量)通常会在密度降低时急剧下降。本发明的发明人令人惊奇地发现，与预期相反，可以生产用于轻质衬板的具有低密度的片层，并且仍然获得高的压缩强度。此外，本发明的片层还进一步表现出对波形皱缩，波纹插板屈曲和下凹的更强的耐受性。
在第二方面，本发明涉及包含所述片层的衬板，所述衬板的定量在80-170gsm之间，或80-165gsm之间或80-150gsm或80-130gsm。
在第三方面，本发明涉及瓦楞纸板，其包含瓦楞原纸和至少一个衬板，所述衬板包含第一方面的片层。
测量和评估方法
在说明书和专利权利要求中引用以下方法和评价方法。
纸浆的游离度是指加拿大标准游离度(CSF)并且根据ISO 5267-2进行测量
Shopper Riegler(°SR)值根据ISO 5267-1进行测量
拉伸指数根据ISO1924-3进行测量
Scott结合强度(Bond)根据TAPPI UM-403进行测量
密度根据ISO 534:2005进行测量
松厚度根据ISO 534:2005进行测量
几何SCT指数根据ISO 9895进行测量，并且作为在MD和CD中的SCT指数的乘积的平方根计算。SCT指数定义了片层或衬板的压缩强度。
耐破指数根据ISO 2759进行测量
抗弯曲性通过使用Lorentzen&Wettre仪器，根据ISO 2493-1，以15°的角度进行测量，弯曲长度10mm。几何抗弯指数作为在MD和CD中的抗弯指数的乘积的平方根计算。
水分含量根据ISO 287进行测量
克重是指以克/平方米gsm或g/m2表示的重量，并且根据ISO 536进行测量。如本文所使用，gsm和g/m2可互换使用。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种衬板的片层、衬板以及包括瓦楞原纸(波纹纸)和至少一个衬板的瓦楞纸板。瓦楞纤维板是由包含纤维素纤维的纸浆制造的。瓦楞纸板优选包括至少两个衬板(衬垫)和至少一个瓦楞原纸。瓦楞纸板还可包括多于一个瓦楞原纸和多于两个衬垫。衬垫通过胶粘剂附着至瓦楞原纸的至少一个表面。本发明的衬板旨在用作牛皮纸衬垫的轻质替代物，并且因此用在高品质瓦楞纸板中。
如本文中使用的CTMP意在定义纤维素纤维的化学热磨机械浆。CTMP一般通过在研磨前用亚硫酸钠浸渍木屑而生产。根据本发明使用的CTMP优选由针叶木生产并且优选是未漂白的。
本发明的片层包含20-80重量％来自木纤维的CTMP，以所述片层总纤维重量计算，和特定的强度添加剂，由此可提供具有高于22Nm/g的几何SCT指数和低于680kg/m3的密度的片层。在一些实施方式中，片层的SCT指数高于24Nm/g或甚至高于25Nm/g。在一些实施方式中，根据本发明的片层的密度可低于650kg/m3或低于630kg/m3，或低于620或甚至低于610kg/m3。片层的密度可例如在550-680kg/m3之间，或550-650kg/m3，或600-650kg/m3。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，第一片层包含20-80重量％CTMP，或20-70重量％CTMP，或30-80重量％CTMP或30-70重量％CTMP，或至少40重量％CTMP或40-80重量％CTMP或40-70重量％CTMP，以所述片层的总纤维重量计算。其余的纸浆可以是漂白或未漂白的化学浆，优选牛皮纸浆，最优选牛皮纸浆，其来自阔叶木或针叶木的原始纤维。在一个实施方式中，the片层可进一步包含再循环的纤维，比如例如0-30重量％的量的来自OCC的再循环的纤维。
本发明的第一片层可呈现出至少150Nm6/kg3，优选至少170Nm6/kg3，最优选至少180Nm6/kg3的几何平均抗弯指数和/或至少22Nm/g，优选至少24Nm/g或至少25Nm/g的几何SCT指数。此外，所述第一片层可呈现出至少2.5kPam2/g，优选至少3kPam2/g的耐破指数和至少150J/m2，优选至少180J/m2或至少200或甚至至少250J/m2的Scott结合强度。
强度添加剂选自微原纤化纤维素(MFC)，阴离子或阳离子聚合物或淀粉或其组合。阴离子和/或阳离子聚合物优选选自羧甲基纤维素(CMC)，阴离子聚丙烯酰胺(APAM)或阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)或其组合。MFC可以在0.1-10重量％之间，优选在1-7重量％之间，或在1-5重量％之间的量添加，以添加了MFC的片层的总固含量计算。淀粉，优选阳离子淀粉，可以0.5-5重量％的量，优选1-3重量％的量添加。阴离子或阳离子聚合物，比如CMC，APAM或CPAM，可以0.1-1重量％的量添加，优选0.1-0.5重量％。在一个实施方式中，所述衬板包含MFC。所述衬板可包含MFC和淀粉或MFC和阴离子或阳离子聚合物。优选地，在添加至纸浆配料之前，将添加剂预混合。
在本专利申请的上下文中，微原纤化纤维素(MFC)应意指至少一个维度小于100nm的纳米尺度的纤维素颗粒纤维或原纤维。MFC包括部分或完全原纤化的纤维素或木质纤维素纤维。释放的原纤维的直径小于100nm，而实际的原纤维直径或粒度分布和/或纵横比(长度/宽度)取决于来源和制造方法。
最小的原纤维被称为基础原纤维(初级原纤维)并且直径约为2-4nm(参见例如Chinga-Carrasco,G.,Cellulose fibres,nanofibrils and microfibrils,:Themorphological sequence of MFC components from a plant physiology and fibretechnology point of view,Nanoscale research letters 2011,6:417)，而常见的是聚集形式的基础原纤维(其也被定义为微原纤维)(Fengel,D.,Ultrastructural behaviorof cell wall polysaccharides,Tappi J.,March 1970,Vol 53,No.3.)是在制造MFC时获得的主要产品，例如通过使用延长的精磨过程或压降分解过程制造。取决于来源和制造方法，原纤维的长度可在约1至大于10微米之间变化。粗MFC级可含有相当大部分的原纤化纤维，即来自管胞(纤维素纤维)的突出原纤维，以及一定量的从管胞(纤维素纤维)释放的原纤维。
MFC有不同的首字母缩略词，例如纤维素微原纤维、原纤化纤维素、纳米原纤化纤维素、原纤维聚集体、纳米级纤维素原纤维、纤维素纳米纤维、纤维素纳米原纤维、纤维素微纤维、纤维素原纤维、微原纤状纤维素、微原纤维聚集体和纤维素微原纤维聚集体。MFC的特征还可在于各种物理或物理化学性质，例如大的表面积或其在分散在水中时在低固体(1-5重量％)下形成凝胶状材料的能力。纤维素纤维优选原纤化至这样的程度，即，使得所形成的MFC的最终比表面积为约1至约300m2/g，例如1至200m2/g或更优选50-200m2/g，用BET方法对冷冻干燥的材料进行测定。
存在制造MFC的各种方法，例如单次或多次精磨，预水解然后是精磨或高剪切分解或原纤维的释放。通常需要一个或若干个预处理步骤，以使MFC制造既节能又可持续。因此，待供应的纸浆的纤维素纤维可进行酶法或化学预处理，例如以降低半纤维素或木质素的量。纤维素纤维可在原纤化之前进行化学改性，其中纤维素分子含有除了在原始纤维素中所发现的之外(或更多)的官能团。这些基团尤其包括羧甲基(CM)、醛和/或羧基(通过N-氧基介导的氧化获得的纤维素，例如“TEMPO”)或季铵(阳离子纤维素)。在以上述方法之一进行改性或氧化后，更容易将纤维分解成MFC或纳米原纤状尺寸原纤维。
纳米原纤状纤维素可含有一些半纤维素；量取决于植物来源。经预处理的纤维例如水解的、预溶胀的或氧化的纤维素原料的机械分解用合适的设备进行，例如精磨机，研磨机，均化器，胶体排出装置(colloider)，摩擦研磨机，超声波超声仪，单螺杆或双螺杆挤出机，流化器如微流化器、宏观流化器或流化剂型均化器。取决于MFC制造方法，产品还可含有细粒或纳米结晶纤维素或例如在木质纤维或造纸过程中存在的其他化学品。该产品还可含有各种量的未被有效地原纤化的微米尺寸的纤维颗粒。
MFC由木质纤维素纤维制备，包括硬木或软木纤维两者。其还可由微生物来源、农业纤维如麦草浆、竹子、甘蔗渣或其他非木质纤维来源制成。其优选由纸浆制成，包括来自原始纤维的纸浆，例如，机械、化学和/或化学-机械浆。其还可由损纸或再生纸制成。
上述MFC的定义包括但不限于在纤维素纳米原纤维(CNF)上新提出的TAPPI标准W13021，其定义了含有多个基础原纤维的纤维素纳米纤维材料，其具有结晶和无定形区域两者。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，CTMP的松厚度为至少2.5cm3/g，优选至少3cm3/g，最优选至少3.5cm3/g。使用具有高松厚度的CTMP使得衬板生产商可降低衬板的克重并且仍避免了由此生产的波形皱缩瓦楞纸板的问题。CTMP的高松厚度可通过调节添加的强度添加剂的量和通过调节CTMP的精磨而得到确保。本领域技术人员熟知如何调节CTMP的松厚度。例如，松厚度可通过在CTMP纸浆的HC精磨(高稠度精磨)中精磨至不同的游离度而被调节。HC精磨可进一步在高温下进行以获得HT-CTMP。替代地，CTMP纸浆可进一步在CTMP线路中或在纸板制造机中被进一步地LC精磨。
在一个实施方式中，本发明的衬板中使用的CTMP的游离度为至少300ml，优选在300-700ml之间，或在350-700ml之间或400-700ml或500-700ml。令人惊奇地发现高游离度CTMP可用于生产轻质衬板，而不损害强度性质。除了能够节省能源以外，高游离度的纸浆还可提供高松厚度，发现这也减少了波形皱缩和波纹插板屈曲的问题。
来自云杉的CTMP的强度性质远弱于未漂白的牛皮纸浆，这在下表1中显示，其中显示了与来自针叶木的未漂白的牛皮纸浆(UKP)比较的，精磨至不同游离度的CTMP的抗张指数和Scott结合强度。纸浆的性质示于表1中。
因此，与未漂白的牛皮纸浆相比，本领域技术人员不会从CTMP的强度特性的认识中相信，可以用大量的CTMP生产出高强度衬板。然而，与预期相反，本发明的发明人则展示了这是可能的。
Figure BDA0002853394770000071
表1:CTMP和UKP的性质
本发明进一步限定了包含上述片层的衬板，所述衬板的定量低于230gsm，优选低于200gsm或低于150gsm或低于130gsm。所述衬板的定量可例如在80-230gsm之间，或在80-150gsm之间或80-130gsm。
在一个实施方式中，以上公开的片层形成第一片层并且所述衬板包含进一步的第二片层，所述第二片层包含0-70重量％CTMP和30-100重量％化学浆，比如牛皮纸浆，以所述第二片层的总纤维重量计算。在一个实施方式中，所述第二片层可包含100重量％化学浆，其可以是漂白或未漂白的。优选地，所述第二片层形成由此生产的瓦楞纸板的印刷侧上的顶片层。
本发明的衬板可进一步包含第三片层，所述第三片层包含0-70重量％CTMP和30–100重量％化学浆并且其中所述第二片层形成顶片层，所述第一片层形成中间片层并且所述第三片层形成背片层。在由此生产的瓦楞纸板中，所述顶片层形成印刷侧并且所述背片层与瓦楞原纸接触或面对瓦楞原纸。此三片层实施方式使得能够生产这样的衬板，其具有甚至更低克重，但仍提供了弯曲刚度和对波纹插板屈曲以及波形皱缩的高耐受性。在一个实施方式中，所述第三片层还包含至少20重量％的CTMP或至少30重量％的CTMP，例如在20-70重量％之间的CTMP或30-70重量％的CTMP。在背片层中具有CTMP的优点是其已经显示出改进了疏水性，这甚至进一步地减少了波形皱缩效应。
在一个实施方式中，形成所述衬板的表面片层的所述第二和所述第三片层的这两层包含100重量％化学浆，以所述层的总纤维重量计算。以此方式，实现了I梁结构，其甚至进一步增强了强度性质。
本发明的衬板可进一步包含另外的片层，比如布置为在所述第二和第三片层之间的中间片层的第四片层。这样的另外的片层可包含任何类型的纤维或纸浆组合。
本发明的衬板可呈现出至少170Nm6/kg3，或至少175Nm6/kg3或至少180Nm6/kg3或甚至至少185Nm6/kg3的根据ISO 2493-1的抗弯指数。本发明的衬板可进一步呈现出低于710kg/m3，优选低于700kg/m3或低于680kg/m3的密度。
实施例
为了评估本发明的衬板和片层，进行了一系列测试，其中将由100重量％来自松木的未漂白的牛皮纸浆(UKP)制成的片层(参比，1)与由UKP和不同的量的CTMP(2-6)和不同量和组合的强度添加剂的混合物制成的片层进行比较。此试验中使用的纸浆(UKP，未精磨的CTMP和CTMP 200)的性质示于以上表1中。此外，向不同的配料添加不同量和组合的强度添加剂。表2示出了用于生产片层1(参比)和片层2-6(发明)的配料的含量。UKP和CTMP的含量分别表示为重量％，按照总纤维重量计算。
在中试试验机上制造片层，其中在成形部的丝网上施加配料，然后是压榨部和干燥部并且接着使用50kN/m的线载荷进一步压延。
Figure BDA0002853394770000081
Figure BDA0002853394770000091
表2
表3示出了所生产的片层1-6的测量的性质，包括几何SCT指数，耐破指数，Scott结合强度(MD)，抗弯指数(GM)。物理测试在50％RH 23℃下进行，除非另有说明。
如在表3中可见，在本发明的片层中强度性质SCT，耐破指数和Scott结合强度是相当的或甚至得到了改进，同时密度显著降低。特别显著的是使用未精磨的CTMP(样品4)仍显示出如此高的强度性质。所述结果表明根据本发明制成的片层的SCT指数并没有因为较低的密度而下降，这与一般的推测相反。
包含100重量％UKP的参比板材的水分含量在90％RH显著地更高。因此，本发明的纸板水水性更强并且因此对波形皱缩耐受性更强。
Figure BDA0002853394770000092
Figure BDA0002853394770000101
表3

Claims (12)

1.用于瓦楞纸板的衬板的片层，所述片层包含
-20-80重量％来自木纤维的CTMP和80-20重量％化学浆，以所述片层的总纤维重量计算，
-选自以下的强度添加剂：微原纤化纤维素(MFC)，阴离子或阳离子聚合物和淀粉或其组合，并且所述片层呈现出
-高于22Nm/g的几何SCT指数
-低于680kg/m3，优选低于650kg/m3的密度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的片层，其中所述片层呈现出至少150Nm6/kg3的根据ISO 2493-1的使用弯曲长度10mm的几何平均抗弯指数。
3.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的片层，其中所述片层包含0.1-10重量％的量的MFC，以所述片层的总固含量计算。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的片层，其中所述片层包含范围为0.5-15重量％的量的淀粉，以所述片层的总固含量计算。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的片层，其中所述片层包含范围为0.05-2重量％的量的阴离子或阳离子聚合物。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的片层，其中CTMP的松厚度为至少2.5cm3/g。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的片层，其中CTMP的游离度为至少300ml。
8.包含根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的片层的衬板，所述衬板的定量在80-170gsm之间。
9.根据权利要求8所述的衬板，其中所述片层形成第一片层并且其中所述衬板包含进一步的第二片层，所述第二片层包含0-70重量％CTMP和30-100重量％化学浆，以所述片层的总纤维重量计算。
10.根据权利要求9所述的衬板，其中所述衬板进一步包含第三片层，所述第三片层包含0-70重量％CTMP和30-100重量％化学浆，以所述片层总纤维重量计算，并且其中所述第二片层形成顶片层，所述第一片层形成中间片层并且所述第三片层形成背片层。
11.根据权利要求8-10中任一项所述的衬板，其中所述衬板的密度低于710，优选低于700。
12.瓦楞纸板，其包含瓦楞原纸和根据权利要求8-11中任一项所述的衬板。
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PH12020552249A1 (en) 2021-06-28
EP3814137A4 (en) 2022-04-06
WO2020003129A1 (en) 2020-01-02
SE1850799A1 (en) 2019-12-28
CL2020003345A1 (es) 2021-07-02
SE543040C2 (en) 2020-09-29
US20210221114A1 (en) 2021-07-22
US12053964B2 (en) 2024-08-06
ECSP20083631A (es) 2021-01-29
EP3814137A1 (en) 2021-05-05

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