CN112543155A - Pilot insertion method, system and medium for physical resource block - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种物理资源块的导频插入方法、系统及介质，其特征在于，包括：导频信号参数设计步骤：根据通信系统的最大延时及子载波的频域间隔设计离散导频频域间隔Df，根据通信系统的最大多普勒频移和OFDM符号的持续时间设计离散导频时域间隔Dt，对设计的Df和Dt进行组合设计，获得Df与Dt的组合，根据获得的Df与Dt的组合计算均衡间隔及导频信号开销；导频信号插入步骤：根据计算的均衡间隔及导频信号开销，针对物理资源块中的每个子帧，从频域上以相同的频域间隔插入导频信号。采用了本发明的技术方案，可以抵抗较大的多径时延扩展，支持MPMT和HPHT场景下的稳定接收。
The present invention provides a method, system and medium for pilot frequency insertion of physical resource blocks, which are characterized by comprising: a pilot frequency signal parameter design step: designing discrete pilot frequency according to the maximum delay of the communication system and the frequency domain interval of sub-carriers Domain interval Df, according to the maximum Doppler frequency shift of the communication system and the duration of the OFDM symbol, the discrete pilot frequency domain interval Dt is designed, and the designed Df and Dt are combined and designed to obtain the combination of Df and Dt, according to the obtained Df The combination with Dt calculates the equalization interval and pilot signal overhead; the pilot signal insertion step: according to the calculated equalization interval and pilot signal overhead, for each subframe in the physical resource block, from the frequency domain with the same frequency domain interval Insert pilot signal. By adopting the technical scheme of the present invention, it can resist large multipath delay extension and support stable reception in MPMT and HPHT scenarios.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及通信信道估计技术领域，具体地，涉及一种物理资源块的导频插入方法、系统及介质。尤其地，涉及一种适用于LTE通信系统rooftop接收模式下的参考信号(Reference Signal，RS)插入方法，具体地，涉及一种物理资源块的导频插入方法。The present invention relates to the technical field of communication channel estimation, and in particular, to a method, system and medium for pilot insertion of physical resource blocks. In particular, it relates to a reference signal (Reference Signal, RS) insertion method suitable for a rooftop reception mode of an LTE communication system, and in particular, to a method for pilot insertion of physical resource blocks.
背景技术Background technique
无线通信系统的性能很大程度上受到无线信道的影响，为了能在接收端准确地恢复发射端的发送信号，会采用各种措施来抵抗多径效应对传输信号的影响，这就需要进行信道参数估计。而信道估计技术的实现需要知道无线信道的信息，能否获得详细的信道信息，从而在接收端正确地解调出发射信号，是衡量一个无线通信系统性能的重要指标。The performance of the wireless communication system is largely affected by the wireless channel. In order to accurately recover the transmitted signal from the transmitter at the receiver, various measures will be taken to resist the influence of multipath effects on the transmitted signal, which requires channel parameters. estimate. The realization of the channel estimation technology needs to know the information of the wireless channel, and whether the detailed channel information can be obtained, so as to correctly demodulate the transmitted signal at the receiving end, is an important indicator to measure the performance of a wireless communication system.
参考信号就是“导频”信号，是由发射端提供给接收端的一种已知信号，因此接收端可以通过比较解码的接收参考信号和预定义的参考信号来确定通信信道如何对数据进行去比特。接收端执行该比较并计算出通信信道特性的这一过程即为“信道估计”。The reference signal is the "pilot" signal, which is a known signal provided by the transmitter to the receiver. Therefore, the receiver can determine how the communication channel debits the data by comparing the decoded received reference signal with the predefined reference signal. . The process by which the receiving end performs this comparison and calculates the characteristics of the communication channel is called "channel estimation".
此外，参考信号还能用于信道探测，为演进节点的资源调度提供参考。即在一个特定时间，将质量较好的特定频率区域优先分配给特定的用户设备，使用户设备的业务质量更有保障。In addition, the reference signal can also be used for channel sounding to provide a reference for resource scheduling of the evolved node. That is, at a specific time, a specific frequency region with better quality is preferentially allocated to a specific user equipment, so that the service quality of the user equipment is more guaranteed.
参考信号由每个时隙中的多个特定资源元素承载，并且资源元素的位置由天线配置具体确定。信道估计性能与时、频域上插入的参考信号密度有关，如何在信道估计性能和参考信号开销之间求取平衡，即既能在典型频率选择性衰落信道获得良好的信道估计性能，又能将开销控制在较低水平，始终是参考信号设计面临的一个问题。The reference signal is carried by a number of specific resource elements in each slot, and the positions of the resource elements are specifically determined by the antenna configuration. The channel estimation performance is related to the density of the reference signal inserted in the time and frequency domains. How to strike a balance between the channel estimation performance and the reference signal overhead, that is, to obtain good channel estimation performance in a typical frequency selective fading channel, but also Keeping overhead low is always an issue with reference signal design.
专利文献CN101958866B(申请号：200910161315.3)公开了一种导频插入方法和导频插入模块，该导频插入方法包括：在正交频分复用信号的子载波中至少两个位置插入导频符号，每个位置至少包含两个导频子载波，各个位置不连续。Patent document CN101958866B (application number: 200910161315.3) discloses a pilot insertion method and a pilot insertion module, the pilot insertion method includes: inserting pilot symbols at at least two positions in a subcarrier of an OFDM signal , each location contains at least two pilot subcarriers, and each location is discontinuous.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种物理资源块的导频插入方法。本发明提供了一种适用于LTE通信系统rooftop接收模式下的物理资源块的导频插入方法，用来满足LTE通信系统中需要支持更大多径时延的信道模型和支持MPMT和HPHT场景下的稳定接收需求。Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for inserting a pilot frequency of a physical resource block. The present invention provides a pilot frequency insertion method suitable for physical resource blocks in the rooftop receiving mode of the LTE communication system, which is used to meet the channel model that needs to support larger multipath delay in the LTE communication system and supports MPMT and HPHT scenarios. Stable reception of demand.
根据本发明提供的一种物理资源块的导频插入方法，其特征在于，包括：A method for pilot insertion of physical resource blocks according to the present invention is characterized by comprising:
导频信号参数设计步骤：根据通信系统的最大延时及子载波的频域间隔设计离散导频频域间隔Df，根据通信系统的最大多普勒频移和OFDM符号的持续时间设计离散导频时域间隔Dt，对设计的Df和Dt进行组合设计，获得Df与Dt的组合，根据获得的Df与Dt的组合计算均衡间隔及导频信号开销；Pilot signal parameter design steps: design the discrete pilot frequency domain interval Df according to the maximum delay of the communication system and the frequency domain interval of the subcarriers, and design the discrete pilot frequency according to the maximum Doppler frequency shift of the communication system and the duration of the OFDM symbol. Domain interval Dt, the designed Df and Dt are combined and designed, the combination of Df and Dt is obtained, and the equalization interval and pilot signal overhead are calculated according to the obtained combination of Df and Dt;
导频信号插入步骤：根据计算的均衡间隔及导频信号开销，针对物理资源块中的每个子帧，从频域上以相同的频域间隔插入导频信号。The pilot signal insertion step: according to the calculated equalization interval and pilot signal overhead, for each subframe in the physical resource block, the pilot signal is inserted from the frequency domain at the same frequency domain interval.
优选地，所述导频信号参数设计步骤：Preferably, the pilot signal parameter design steps:
离散导频频域间隔设计步骤：根据通信系统的最大延时及子载波的频域间隔设计离散导频频域间隔Df，即通过以下公式确定Df范围：Design steps of discrete pilot frequency domain interval: Design the discrete pilot frequency domain interval Df according to the maximum delay of the communication system and the frequency domain interval of sub-carriers, that is, determine the Df range by the following formula:
Df≤(4τmaxΔf)-1 D f ≤(4τ max Δf) -1
其中，in,
τmax表示通信系统的最大延时；τ max represents the maximum delay of the communication system;
Δf表示子载波的频域间隔；Δf represents the frequency domain spacing of subcarriers;
离散导频时域间隔设计步骤：根据通信系统的最大多普勒频移和OFDM符号的持续时间设计Dt，即通过以下公式确定Dt范围：Discrete pilot time interval design steps: Design Dt according to the maximum Doppler frequency shift of the communication system and the duration of the OFDM symbol, that is, determine the Dt range by the following formula:
Dt≤(4fdTs)-1 D t ≤(4f d T s ) -1
其中，in,
fd表示通信系统的最大多普勒频移；f d represents the maximum Doppler frequency shift of the communication system;
Ts表示OFDM符号的持续时间；T s represents the duration of the OFDM symbol;
组合设计步骤：根据导频信号在频域中进行交错设计的原则，对设计的Df与Dt进行组合设计，即将可行的Dt和Df的值进行排列组合，获得多个Df与Dt组合；Combination design step: According to the principle of interleaved design of pilot signals in the frequency domain, the designed Df and Dt are combined and designed, that is, the feasible values of Dt and Df are arranged and combined to obtain multiple Df and Dt combinations;
插入参数计算步骤：对获得的多个Df与Dt组合，计算均衡间隔及导频信号开销。Insertion parameter calculation step: Calculate the equalization interval and pilot signal overhead by combining the obtained multiple Df and Dt.
优选地，所述均衡间隔计算方式为符号间隔除以Df的值Preferably, the equalization interval is calculated by dividing the symbol interval by the value of Df
优选地，所述导频信号插入步骤包括以下任一种或任多种：Preferably, the pilot signal insertion step includes any one or more of the following:
在每个所述子帧中，每隔2个或3个子载波的频域间隔插入1个导频信号，插入的导频信号在每个子帧中的频域位置均相同；In each of the subframes, a pilot signal is inserted every 2 or 3 subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the frequency domain positions of the inserted pilot signals in each subframe are the same;
在每个所述子帧中，每隔3个子载波的频域间隔插入1个导频信号，插入的导频信号在相邻子帧中的频域位置之间具有2个子载波的频域间隔的偏移；In each subframe, a pilot signal is inserted every 3 subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the inserted pilot signal has a frequency domain interval of 2 subcarriers between the frequency domain positions in adjacent subframes offset;
在每个所述子帧中，每隔5个子载波的频域间隔插入1个导频信号，插入的导频信号在相邻子帧中的频域位置之间具有3个子载波的频域间隔的偏移；In each subframe, a pilot signal is inserted every 5 subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the inserted pilot signal has a frequency domain interval of 3 subcarriers between the frequency domain positions in adjacent subframes offset;
在每个所述子帧中，每隔2个子载波的频域间隔插入1个导频信号，插入的导频信号在相邻子帧中的频域位置之间具有1个子载波的频域间隔的偏移。In each subframe, a pilot signal is inserted every 2 subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the inserted pilot signal has a frequency interval of 1 subcarrier between the frequency domain positions in adjacent subframes offset.
优选地，所述子帧仅包含一个OFDM符号。Preferably, the subframe contains only one OFDM symbol.
根据本发明提供的一种物理资源块的导频插入系统，包括：A system for pilot insertion of physical resource blocks according to the present invention includes:
导频信号参数设计模块：根据通信系统的最大延时及子载波的频域间隔设计离散导频频域间隔Df，根据通信系统的最大多普勒频移和OFDM符号的持续时间设计离散导频时域间隔Dt，对设计的Df和Dt进行组合设计，获得Df与Dt的组合，根据获得的Df与Dt的组合计算均衡间隔及导频信号开销；Pilot signal parameter design module: Design the discrete pilot frequency domain interval Df according to the maximum delay of the communication system and the frequency domain interval of the subcarriers, and design the discrete pilot frequency according to the maximum Doppler frequency shift of the communication system and the duration of the OFDM symbol. Domain interval Dt, the designed Df and Dt are combined and designed, the combination of Df and Dt is obtained, and the equalization interval and pilot signal overhead are calculated according to the obtained combination of Df and Dt;
导频信号插入模块：根据计算的均衡间隔及导频信号开销，针对物理资源块中的每个子帧，从频域上以相同的频域间隔插入导频信号。Pilot signal insertion module: According to the calculated equalization interval and pilot signal overhead, for each subframe in the physical resource block, insert pilot signals from the frequency domain at the same frequency domain interval.
优选地，所述导频信号参数设计模块：Preferably, the pilot signal parameter design module:
离散导频频域间隔设计模块：根据通信系统的最大延时及子载波的频域间隔设计离散导频频域间隔Df，即通过以下公式确定Df范围：Discrete pilot frequency domain interval design module: Design the discrete pilot frequency domain interval Df according to the maximum delay of the communication system and the frequency domain interval of the subcarriers, that is, determine the Df range by the following formula:
Df≤(4τmaxΔf)-1 D f ≤(4τ max Δf) -1
其中，in,
τmax表示通信系统的最大延时；τ max represents the maximum delay of the communication system;
Δf表示子载波的频域间隔；Δf represents the frequency domain spacing of subcarriers;
离散导频时域间隔设计模块：根据通信系统的最大多普勒频移和OFDM符号的持续时间设计Dt，即通过以下公式确定Dt范围：Discrete pilot time interval design module: Design Dt according to the maximum Doppler frequency shift of the communication system and the duration of the OFDM symbol, that is, determine the Dt range by the following formula:
Dt≤(4fdTs)-1 D t ≤(4f d T s ) -1
其中，in,
fd表示通信系统的最大多普勒频移；f d represents the maximum Doppler frequency shift of the communication system;
Ts表示OFDM符号的持续时间；T s represents the duration of the OFDM symbol;
组合设计模块：根据导频信号在频域中进行交错设计的原则，对设计的Df与Dt进行组合设计，即将可行的Dt和Df的值进行排列组合，获得多个Df与Dt组合；Combination design module: According to the principle of interleaved design of pilot signals in the frequency domain, the designed Df and Dt are combined and designed, that is, the feasible values of Dt and Df are arranged and combined to obtain multiple Df and Dt combinations;
插入参数计算模块：对获得的多个Df与Dt组合，计算均衡间隔及导频信号开销。Insertion parameter calculation module: Calculate the equalization interval and pilot signal overhead by combining the obtained multiple Df and Dt.
优选地，所述均衡间隔计算方式为符号间隔除以Df的值Preferably, the equalization interval is calculated by dividing the symbol interval by the value of Df
优选地，所述导频信号插入模块包括以下任一种或任多种：Preferably, the pilot signal insertion module includes any one or more of the following:
在每个所述子帧中，每隔2个或3个子载波的频域间隔插入1个导频信号，插入的导频信号在每个子帧中的频域位置均相同；In each of the subframes, a pilot signal is inserted every 2 or 3 subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the frequency domain positions of the inserted pilot signals in each subframe are the same;
在每个所述子帧中，每隔3个子载波的频域间隔插入1个导频信号，插入的导频信号在相邻子帧中的频域位置之间具有2个子载波的频域间隔的偏移；In each subframe, a pilot signal is inserted every 3 subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the inserted pilot signal has a frequency domain interval of 2 subcarriers between the frequency domain positions in adjacent subframes offset;
在每个所述子帧中，每隔5个子载波的频域间隔插入1个导频信号，插入的导频信号在相邻子帧中的频域位置之间具有3个子载波的频域间隔的偏移；In each subframe, a pilot signal is inserted every 5 subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the inserted pilot signal has a frequency domain interval of 3 subcarriers between the frequency domain positions in adjacent subframes offset;
在每个所述子帧中，每隔2个子载波的频域间隔插入1个导频信号，插入的导频信号在相邻子帧中的频域位置之间具有1个子载波的频域间隔的偏移；In each subframe, a pilot signal is inserted every 2 subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the inserted pilot signal has a frequency interval of 1 subcarrier between the frequency domain positions in adjacent subframes offset;
所述子帧仅包含一个OFDM符号。The subframe contains only one OFDM symbol.
根据本发明提供的一种存储有计算机程序的计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述中任一项所述的物理资源块的导频插入方法的步骤。A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program according to the present invention is characterized in that, when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the pilot frequency insertion method for a physical resource block described in any one of the above are implemented. .
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明采用了本发明的技术方案，是针对MPMT和HPHT模式下的rooftop稳定接收而设计的，同时还可以支持更大多径时延的信道模型，可以抵抗较大的多径时延扩展，能够支持多媒体广播多播(MBMS)的应用场景。The present invention adopts the technical scheme of the present invention, which is designed for stable reception of rooftop in MPMT and HPHT modes, and can also support a channel model with larger multipath delay, can resist larger multipath delay expansion, and can Supports application scenarios of Multimedia Broadcast Multicast (MBMS).
附图说明Description of drawings
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
图1为包含导频信号的物理资源块的结构组合示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structural combination of physical resource blocks including pilot signals.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变化和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several changes and improvements can be made without departing from the inventive concept. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
根据本发明提供的一种物理资源块的导频插入方法，其特征在于，包括：A method for pilot insertion of physical resource blocks according to the present invention is characterized by comprising:
导频信号参数设计步骤：根据通信系统的最大延时及子载波的频域间隔设计离散导频频域间隔Df，根据通信系统的最大多普勒频移和OFDM符号的持续时间设计离散导频时域间隔Dt，对设计的Df和Dt进行组合设计，获得Df与Dt的组合，根据获得的Df与Dt的组合计算均衡间隔及导频信号开销；Pilot signal parameter design steps: design the discrete pilot frequency domain interval Df according to the maximum delay of the communication system and the frequency domain interval of the subcarriers, and design the discrete pilot frequency according to the maximum Doppler frequency shift of the communication system and the duration of the OFDM symbol. Domain interval Dt, the designed Df and Dt are combined and designed, the combination of Df and Dt is obtained, and the equalization interval and pilot signal overhead are calculated according to the obtained combination of Df and Dt;
导频信号插入步骤：根据计算的均衡间隔及导频信号开销，针对物理资源块中的每个子帧，从频域上以相同的频域间隔插入导频信号。The pilot signal insertion step: according to the calculated equalization interval and pilot signal overhead, for each subframe in the physical resource block, the pilot signal is inserted from the frequency domain at the same frequency domain interval.
优选地，所述导频信号参数设计步骤：Preferably, the pilot signal parameter design steps:
离散导频频域间隔设计步骤：根据通信系统的最大延时及子载波的频域间隔设计离散导频频域间隔Df，即通过以下公式确定Df范围：Design steps of discrete pilot frequency domain interval: Design the discrete pilot frequency domain interval Df according to the maximum delay of the communication system and the frequency domain interval of sub-carriers, that is, determine the Df range by the following formula:
Df≤(4τmaxΔf)-1 D f ≤(4τ max Δf) -1
其中，in,
τmax表示通信系统的最大延时；τ max represents the maximum delay of the communication system;
Δf表示子载波的频域间隔；Δf represents the frequency domain spacing of subcarriers;
离散导频时域间隔设计步骤：根据通信系统的最大多普勒频移和OFDM符号的持续时间设计Dt，即通过以下公式确定Dt范围：Discrete pilot time interval design steps: Design Dt according to the maximum Doppler frequency shift of the communication system and the duration of the OFDM symbol, that is, determine the Dt range by the following formula:
Dt≤(4fdTs)-1 D t ≤(4f d T s ) -1
其中，in,
fd表示通信系统的最大多普勒频移；f d represents the maximum Doppler frequency shift of the communication system;
Ts表示OFDM符号的持续时间；T s represents the duration of the OFDM symbol;
组合设计步骤：根据导频信号在频域中进行交错设计的原则，对设计的Df与Dt进行组合设计，即将可行的Dt和Df的值进行排列组合，获得多个Df与Dt组合；Combination design step: According to the principle of interleaved design of pilot signals in the frequency domain, the designed Df and Dt are combined and designed, that is, the feasible values of Dt and Df are arranged and combined to obtain multiple Df and Dt combinations;
插入参数计算步骤：对获得的多个Df与Dt组合，计算均衡间隔及导频信号开销。Insertion parameter calculation step: Calculate the equalization interval and pilot signal overhead by combining the obtained multiple Df and Dt.
优选地，所述均衡间隔计算方式为符号间隔除以Df的值Preferably, the equalization interval is calculated by dividing the symbol interval by the value of Df
优选地，所述导频信号插入步骤包括以下任一种或任多种：Preferably, the pilot signal insertion step includes any one or more of the following:
在每个所述子帧中，每隔2个或3个子载波的频域间隔插入1个导频信号，插入的导频信号在每个子帧中的频域位置均相同；In each of the subframes, a pilot signal is inserted every 2 or 3 subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the frequency domain positions of the inserted pilot signals in each subframe are the same;
在每个所述子帧中，每隔3个子载波的频域间隔插入1个导频信号，插入的导频信号在相邻子帧中的频域位置之间具有2个子载波的频域间隔的偏移；In each subframe, a pilot signal is inserted every 3 subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the inserted pilot signal has a frequency domain interval of 2 subcarriers between the frequency domain positions in adjacent subframes offset;
在每个所述子帧中，每隔5个子载波的频域间隔插入1个导频信号，插入的导频信号在相邻子帧中的频域位置之间具有3个子载波的频域间隔的偏移；In each subframe, a pilot signal is inserted every 5 subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the inserted pilot signal has a frequency domain interval of 3 subcarriers between the frequency domain positions in adjacent subframes offset;
在每个所述子帧中，每隔2个子载波的频域间隔插入1个导频信号，插入的导频信号在相邻子帧中的频域位置之间具有1个子载波的频域间隔的偏移。In each subframe, a pilot signal is inserted every 2 subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the inserted pilot signal has a frequency interval of 1 subcarrier between the frequency domain positions in adjacent subframes offset.
优选地，所述子帧仅包含一个OFDM符号。Preferably, the subframe contains only one OFDM symbol.
本发明提供的系统，可以通过本发明给的方法的步骤流程实现。本领域技术人员可以将所述方法，理解为所述系统的一个优选例。The system provided by the present invention can be implemented through the step flow of the method provided by the present invention. Those skilled in the art can understand the method as a preferred example of the system.
根据本发明提供的一种物理资源块的导频插入系统，包括：A system for pilot insertion of physical resource blocks according to the present invention includes:
导频信号参数设计模块：根据通信系统的最大延时及子载波的频域间隔设计离散导频频域间隔Df，根据通信系统的最大多普勒频移和OFDM符号的持续时间设计离散导频时域间隔Dt，对设计的Df和Dt进行组合设计，获得Df与Dt的组合，根据获得的Df与Dt的组合计算均衡间隔及导频信号开销；Pilot signal parameter design module: Design the discrete pilot frequency domain interval Df according to the maximum delay of the communication system and the frequency domain interval of the subcarriers, and design the discrete pilot frequency according to the maximum Doppler frequency shift of the communication system and the duration of the OFDM symbol. Domain interval Dt, the designed Df and Dt are combined and designed, the combination of Df and Dt is obtained, and the equalization interval and pilot signal overhead are calculated according to the obtained combination of Df and Dt;
导频信号插入模块：根据计算的均衡间隔及导频信号开销，针对物理资源块中的每个子帧，从频域上以相同的频域间隔插入导频信号。Pilot signal insertion module: According to the calculated equalization interval and pilot signal overhead, for each subframe in the physical resource block, insert pilot signals from the frequency domain at the same frequency domain interval.
优选地，所述导频信号参数设计模块：Preferably, the pilot signal parameter design module:
离散导频频域间隔设计模块：根据通信系统的最大延时及子载波的频域间隔设计离散导频频域间隔Df，即通过以下公式确定Df范围：Discrete pilot frequency domain interval design module: Design the discrete pilot frequency domain interval Df according to the maximum delay of the communication system and the frequency domain interval of the subcarriers, that is, determine the Df range by the following formula:
Df≤(4τmaxΔf)-1 D f ≤(4τ max Δf) -1
其中，in,
τmax表示通信系统的最大延时；τ max represents the maximum delay of the communication system;
Δf表示子载波的频域间隔；Δf represents the frequency domain spacing of subcarriers;
离散导频时域间隔设计模块：根据通信系统的最大多普勒频移和OFDM符号的持续时间设计Dt，即通过以下公式确定Dt范围：Discrete pilot time interval design module: Design Dt according to the maximum Doppler frequency shift of the communication system and the duration of the OFDM symbol, that is, determine the Dt range by the following formula:
Dt≤(4fdTs)-1 D t ≤(4f d T s ) -1
其中，in,
fd表示通信系统的最大多普勒频移；f d represents the maximum Doppler frequency shift of the communication system;
Ts表示OFDM符号的持续时间；T s represents the duration of the OFDM symbol;
组合设计模块：根据导频信号在频域中进行交错设计的原则，对设计的Df与Dt进行组合设计，即将可行的Dt和Df的值进行排列组合，获得多个Df与Dt组合；Combination design module: According to the principle of interleaved design of pilot signals in the frequency domain, the designed Df and Dt are combined and designed, that is, the feasible values of Dt and Df are arranged and combined to obtain multiple Df and Dt combinations;
插入参数计算模块：对获得的多个Df与Dt组合，计算均衡间隔及导频信号开销。Insertion parameter calculation module: Calculate the equalization interval and pilot signal overhead by combining the obtained multiple Df and Dt.
优选地，所述均衡间隔计算方式为符号间隔除以Df的值Preferably, the equalization interval is calculated by dividing the symbol interval by the value of Df
优选地，所述导频信号插入模块包括以下任一种或任多种：Preferably, the pilot signal insertion module includes any one or more of the following:
在每个所述子帧中，每隔2个或3个子载波的频域间隔插入1个导频信号，插入的导频信号在每个子帧中的频域位置均相同；In each of the subframes, a pilot signal is inserted every 2 or 3 subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the frequency domain positions of the inserted pilot signals in each subframe are the same;
在每个所述子帧中，每隔3个子载波的频域间隔插入1个导频信号，插入的导频信号在相邻子帧中的频域位置之间具有2个子载波的频域间隔的偏移；In each subframe, a pilot signal is inserted every 3 subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the inserted pilot signal has a frequency domain interval of 2 subcarriers between the frequency domain positions in adjacent subframes offset;
在每个所述子帧中，每隔5个子载波的频域间隔插入1个导频信号，插入的导频信号在相邻子帧中的频域位置之间具有3个子载波的频域间隔的偏移；In each subframe, a pilot signal is inserted every 5 subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the inserted pilot signal has a frequency domain interval of 3 subcarriers between the frequency domain positions in adjacent subframes offset;
在每个所述子帧中，每隔2个子载波的频域间隔插入1个导频信号，插入的导频信号在相邻子帧中的频域位置之间具有1个子载波的频域间隔的偏移；In each subframe, a pilot signal is inserted every 2 subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the inserted pilot signal has a frequency interval of 1 subcarrier between the frequency domain positions in adjacent subframes offset;
所述子帧仅包含一个OFDM符号。The subframe contains only one OFDM symbol.
根据本发明提供的一种存储有计算机程序的计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述中任一项所述的物理资源块的导频插入方法的步骤。A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program according to the present invention is characterized in that, when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the pilot frequency insertion method for a physical resource block described in any one of the above are implemented. .
下面结合附图和优选例进一步说明本发明的技术方案：The technical scheme of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred examples:
优选例1：Preferred Example 1:
本发明的一种物理资源块的导频信号(即参考信号，RS)插入方法，所述物理资源块(Physical Resource Block，PRB)在时域上由子帧组成，在频域上由子载波组成。子帧仅包含一个OFDM符号，适用的物理资源块中子帧长度为3毫秒(ms)，子载波的频域间隔为0.37kHz或0.417kHz，OFDM符号的循环前缀(CP)的长度为300微秒(μs)、符号间隔的长度为2700微秒(μs)或循环前缀(CP)长度为386微秒(μs)、符号间隔的长度为2400微秒(μs)，一个子帧中还存在214微秒(μs)的间隙，信道模型为具有多径延时35(μs)的信道。According to a method for inserting a pilot signal (ie a reference signal, RS) of a physical resource block of the present invention, the physical resource block (Physical Resource Block, PRB) is composed of subframes in the time domain and subcarriers in the frequency domain. The subframe contains only one OFDM symbol, the length of the subframe in the applicable physical resource block is 3 milliseconds (ms), the frequency domain spacing of the subcarriers is 0.37kHz or 0.417kHz, and the length of the cyclic prefix (CP) of the OFDM symbol is 300 microseconds seconds (μs), the length of the symbol interval is 2700 microseconds (μs) or the length of the cyclic prefix (CP) is 386 microseconds (μs), the length of the symbol interval is 2400 microseconds (μs), and there are 214 Microsecond (μs) gap, the channel model is a channel with a multipath delay of 35 (μs).
OFDM符号中，离散导频是根据Df和Dt的取值及组合进行导频信号(即参考信号，RS)的插入，Df:表示离散导频频域间隔，Dt:表示离散导频时域间隔，通过设计不同Df和Dt及其组合，可生成不同的导频信号(即参考信号，RS)的插入方法。In the OFDM symbol, the discrete pilot is to insert the pilot signal (that is, the reference signal, RS) according to the value and combination of Df and Dt, Df: indicates the interval of the discrete pilot frequency domain, Dt: indicates the interval of the discrete pilot frequency domain, By designing different Df and Dt and their combinations, different insertion methods of pilot signals (ie reference signals, RS) can be generated.
上述进行Df和Dt的设计，包括以下步骤：The above design of Df and Dt includes the following steps:
步骤一、根据通信系统的最大延时及子载波的频域间隔设计Df；由公式Df≤(4τmaxΔf)-1确定Df范围；Step 1: Design Df according to the maximum delay of the communication system and the frequency domain interval of the subcarriers; determine the Df range by the formula D f ≤(4τ max Δf) -1 ;
步骤二、根据通信系统的最大多普勒频移和OFDM符号的持续时间设计Dt；由公式Dt≤(4fdTs)-1确定Dt范围；Step 2: Design Dt according to the maximum Doppler frequency shift of the communication system and the duration of the OFDM symbol; determine the Dt range by the formula D t ≤(4f d T s ) -1 ;
步骤三、根据导频信号(即参考信号，RS)在频域中进行交错设计的原则，对步骤一和步骤二设计的Df与Dt进行组合设计，组合设计指将可行的Dt和Df的值进行排列组合，如Df＝3,Dt＝1、Df＝2,Dt＝2等；Step 3: According to the principle of interleaving design of the pilot signal (that is, the reference signal, RS) in the frequency domain, perform a combined design on the Df and Dt designed in the first and second steps. The combined design refers to the feasible value of Dt and Df. Arrange and combine, such as Df=3, Dt=1, Df=2, Dt=2, etc.;
步骤四、对不同Df与Dt组合，计算均衡间隔(Equalization Interval，EI)及参考信号(RS)开销。均衡间隔计算方式为符号间隔除以Df的值，如若符号间隔为2700us,Df为3，则均衡间隔为900。Step 4: Calculate an equalization interval (Equalization Interval, EI) and a reference signal (RS) overhead for different Df and Dt combinations. The equalization interval is calculated by dividing the symbol interval by the value of Df. If the symbol interval is 2700us and Df is 3, the equalization interval is 900.
上述对Df和Dt进行设计的方法，是在根据OFDM符号的循环前缀(CP)、OFDM符号的持续时间、子载波的频域间隔等应用场景参数确定后，根据通信系统的最大延时、子载波间隔、系统最大多普勒频域和OFDM符号的持续时间等，由计算得到Df和Dt，进而计算得到均衡间隔(EI)和导频信号(即参考信号，RS)开销占比。上述子载波间隔为子载波的频域间隔。The above-mentioned method for designing Df and Dt is based on the cyclic prefix (CP) of the OFDM symbol, the duration of the OFDM symbol, the frequency domain interval of the sub-carriers and other application scenario parameters, and then according to the maximum delay of the communication system, sub-carriers and other parameters. The carrier spacing, the maximum Doppler frequency domain of the system and the duration of the OFDM symbol are calculated to obtain Df and Dt, and then calculate the equalization interval (EI) and the pilot signal (ie reference signal, RS) overhead ratio. The above-mentioned subcarrier spacing is the frequency domain spacing of the subcarriers.
本发明针对物理资源块中的每个子帧，从频域上以相同的频域间隔插入导频信号。In the present invention, for each subframe in the physical resource block, pilot signals are inserted from the frequency domain at the same frequency domain interval.
如图1中(a)-(e)所示，本发明导频插入后的一个物理资源块(PRB)的导频结构，物理资源块(PRB)在时域(水平方向)上由子帧组成，子帧编号为0、1、……；物理资源块(PRB)在频域(垂直方向)上由子载波组成，子载波的编号为K＝0、K＝1、……。As shown in (a)-(e) of FIG. 1, the pilot structure of a physical resource block (PRB) after pilot insertion of the present invention, the physical resource block (PRB) is composed of subframes in the time domain (horizontal direction) , the subframes are numbered 0, 1, .
如图1(a)所示，导频信号插入时，在每个子帧的OFDM符号中，每隔2个子载波的频域间隔插入参考符号，插入的导频信号在每个子帧中的频域位置均相同。最后形成的物理资源块(PRB)中，时域上的导频间隔为1，为相邻的同一结构的子帧编号的差值；频域上的导频间隔为3，为频域上相邻的插入的导频信号的编号的差值。As shown in Figure 1(a), when the pilot signal is inserted, in the OFDM symbol of each subframe, reference symbols are inserted every 2 subcarriers in the frequency domain interval, and the inserted pilot signal is in the frequency domain of each subframe. The locations are all the same. In the physical resource block (PRB) finally formed, the pilot interval in the time domain is 1, which is the difference between the adjacent subframe numbers of the same structure; the pilot interval in the frequency domain is 3, which is the phase in the frequency domain. The difference between the numbers of adjacent inserted pilot signals.
如图1(b)所示，导频信号插入时，在每个子帧的OFDM符号中，每隔3个子载波的频域间隔插入参考符号，插入的导频信号在每个子帧中的频域位置均相同。最后形成的物理资源块(PRB)中，时域上的导频间隔为1，为相邻的同一结构的子帧编号的差值；频域上的导频间隔为4，为频域上相邻的插入的导频信号的编号的差值。As shown in Figure 1(b), when the pilot signal is inserted, in the OFDM symbol of each subframe, reference symbols are inserted every 3 subcarriers in the frequency domain interval, and the inserted pilot signal is in the frequency domain of each subframe. The locations are all the same. In the physical resource block (PRB) finally formed, the pilot interval in the time domain is 1, which is the difference between the adjacent subframe numbers of the same structure; the pilot interval in the frequency domain is 4, which is the phase in the frequency domain. The difference between the numbers of adjacent inserted pilot signals.
如图1(c)所示，导频信号插入时，在每个子帧的OFDM符号中，每隔3个子载波的频域间隔插入参考符号，插入的导频信号在相邻子帧中的频域位置具有2个子载波的频域间隔的偏移。最后形成的物理资源块(PRB)中，时域上的导频间隔为2，为相邻的同一结构的子帧编号的差值，即存在2种不同结构的子帧；频域上的导频间隔为2，为频域上相邻的插入的导频信号的编号的差值，频域上相邻的插入的导频信号处于不同的子帧上。As shown in Figure 1(c), when the pilot signal is inserted, in the OFDM symbol of each subframe, reference symbols are inserted every 3 subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the frequency of the inserted pilot signal in adjacent subframes is The domain position has an offset of 2 subcarriers in the frequency domain interval. In the finally formed physical resource block (PRB), the pilot interval in the time domain is 2, which is the difference between the numbers of adjacent subframes of the same structure, that is, there are two subframes with different structures; the pilot interval in the frequency domain is 2. The frequency interval is 2, which is the difference between the numbers of adjacent inserted pilot signals in the frequency domain, and the adjacent inserted pilot signals in the frequency domain are in different subframes.
如图1(d)所示，导频信号插入时，在每个子帧的OFDM符号中，每隔5个子载波的频域间隔插入参考符号，插入的导频信号在相邻子帧中的频域位置具有3个子载波的频域间隔的偏移。最后形成的物理资源块(PRB)中，时域上的导频间隔为2，为相邻的同一结构的子帧编号的差值，即存在2种不同结构的子帧；频域上的导频间隔为3，为频域上相邻的插入的导频信号的编号的差值，频域上相邻的插入的导频信号处于不同的子帧上。As shown in Figure 1(d), when the pilot signal is inserted, in the OFDM symbol of each subframe, the reference symbol is inserted every 5 subcarriers in the frequency domain interval, and the frequency of the inserted pilot signal in the adjacent subframe is The domain position has an offset of 3 subcarriers in the frequency domain interval. In the finally formed physical resource block (PRB), the pilot interval in the time domain is 2, which is the difference between the numbers of adjacent subframes of the same structure, that is, there are two subframes with different structures; the pilot interval in the frequency domain is 2. The frequency interval is 3, which is the difference between the numbers of the adjacent inserted pilot signals in the frequency domain, and the adjacent inserted pilot signals in the frequency domain are in different subframes.
如图1(e)所示，导频信号插入时，在每个子帧的OFDM符号中，每隔2个子载波的频域间隔插入参考符号，插入的导频信号在相邻子帧中的频域位置具有1个子载波的频域间隔的偏移。最后形成的物理资源块(PRB)中，时域上的导频间隔为3，为相邻的同一结构的子帧编号的差值，即存在3种不同结构的子帧；频域上的导频间隔为1，为频域上相邻的插入的导频信号的编号的差值，频域上相邻的插入的导频信号处于不同的子帧上。As shown in Figure 1(e), when the pilot signal is inserted, in the OFDM symbol of each subframe, the reference symbol is inserted every 2 subcarriers in the frequency domain interval, and the frequency of the inserted pilot signal in the adjacent subframe is The domain position has an offset of 1 subcarrier frequency domain interval. In the finally formed physical resource block (PRB), the pilot interval in the time domain is 3, which is the difference between the numbers of adjacent subframes of the same structure, that is, there are 3 subframes with different structures; the pilot interval in the frequency domain is 3. The frequency interval is 1, which is the difference between the numbers of adjacent inserted pilot signals in the frequency domain, and the adjacent inserted pilot signals in the frequency domain are in different subframes.
上述的导频信号的插入方法，在时域上为了让下行控制信号尽早解调出来，需要让第一个参考符号尽量靠前；在频域上为了将来能有效地支持多天线并行传输，参考信号在频域上是交错放置的。本发明导频信号的插入方法，可以支持较大多径时延的信道模型和MPMT/HPHT模式下的稳定传输，适用于LTE-based 5G广播模式场景。In the above-mentioned pilot signal insertion method, in the time domain, in order to demodulate the downlink control signal as soon as possible, it is necessary to make the first reference symbol as advanced as possible; in the frequency domain, in order to effectively support multi-antenna parallel transmission in the future, refer to The signals are interleaved in the frequency domain. The pilot signal insertion method of the present invention can support a channel model with large multipath delay and stable transmission in MPMT/HPHT mode, and is suitable for LTE-based 5G broadcast mode scenarios.
为了对采用上述导频插入方法生成的物理资源块进行发送，本发明还设计了一种无线通信系统中下行链路导频的发送方法，包括以下步骤:In order to send the physical resource blocks generated by the above-mentioned pilot insertion method, the present invention also designs a method for sending downlink pilots in a wireless communication system, comprising the following steps:
步骤一、当采用如图1(a)所示的导频信号插入方法时，基站在下行子帧编号0、1上发送导频，每隔2个子载波插入参考信号；Step 1: When using the pilot signal insertion method as shown in Figure 1(a), the base station sends pilots on
步骤二、当采用如图1(b)所示的导频信号插入方法时，基站在下行子帧编号0、1上发送导频，每隔3个子载波插入参考信号；Step 2: When using the pilot signal insertion method as shown in Figure 1(b), the base station sends pilots on
步骤三、当采用如图1(c)所示的导频信号插入方法时，基站在下行子帧编号0、1上发送导频，每隔三个子载波插入参考信号，在第2个子帧处将子载波位置偏移2个；Step 3: When using the pilot signal insertion method as shown in Figure 1(c), the base station sends pilots on
步骤四、当采用如图1(d)所示的导频信号插入方法时，基站在下行子帧编号0、1上发送导频，每隔五个子载波插入参考信号，在第2个子帧处将子载波位置偏移3个；Step 4: When using the pilot signal insertion method shown in Figure 1(d), the base station sends pilots on
步骤五、当采用如图1(e)所示的导频信号插入方法时，基站在下行子帧编号0、1、2上发送导频，每隔两个子载波插入参考信号，在第2个子帧处将子载波位置偏移1个，在第3个子帧处将子载波位置偏移1个；Step 5. When using the pilot signal insertion method shown in Figure 1(e), the base station sends pilots on
步骤六、针对上述导频信号的插入方法，根据参考信号的物理位置索引，在参考信号的位置采用线性插入的插值方式插入散点数据，发送消息。Step 6: For the above-mentioned method for inserting the pilot signal, according to the physical position index of the reference signal, use linear interpolation interpolation to insert scattered data at the position of the reference signal, and send a message.
基于以上提出的导频信号的插入及发送方法，所包括步骤如下：Based on the above-mentioned method for inserting and transmitting pilot signals, the steps included are as follows:
步骤一、以链路级仿真为背景，按图1所示的导频信号的插入方法，对下行链路的导频插入方式进行调整；Step 1: Adjust the pilot frequency insertion mode of the downlink according to the insertion method of the pilot frequency signal shown in FIG. 1 with the link-level simulation as the background;
步骤二、设置信道模型为具有多径延时35μs的信道模型，用户移动速度为0，验证本发明的导频信号插入方法生成的物理资源块结构的性能；Step 2, setting the channel model to be a channel model with a multipath delay of 35 μs, the user moving speed being 0, and verifying the performance of the physical resource block structure generated by the pilot signal insertion method of the present invention;
步骤三、当采用图1中的导频信号插入方法时，按照对应于相应物理资源块结构的发送方式进行发送。Step 3: When the pilot signal insertion method in FIG. 1 is adopted, the transmission is performed according to the transmission mode corresponding to the structure of the corresponding physical resource block.
按照本发明的一种导频信号的插入方法，在发端针对发送的帧信息插入一定数量的已知数据(导频)，使得在收端进行信道估计时，按照最小二乘算法，在频域将接收到的实际导频信号与已知的发送导频符号相除，从而通过已知点上的信道响应的采样值来估计出整个信道的响应，即通过导频信息实现信道估计。According to a method for inserting a pilot signal of the present invention, a certain amount of known data (pilot) is inserted into the transmitted frame information at the transmitting end, so that when channel estimation is performed at the receiving end, according to the least squares algorithm, in the frequency domain The received actual pilot signal is divided by the known transmitted pilot symbols, so as to estimate the response of the entire channel through the sampling value of the channel response at the known point, that is, the channel estimation is realized through the pilot information.
本发明所提供的物理资源块的导频插入方法，物理资源块分别在时域上由子帧组成、在频域上由子载波组成，针对物理资源块中的每个子帧，从频域上以相同的频域间隔插入导频信号，既可以满足LTE通信系统中支持更大多径时延的信道模型的需求，也可以满足MPMT和HPHT模式下用户设备稳定传输的需求。According to the pilot insertion method of the physical resource block provided by the present invention, the physical resource block is composed of subframes in the time domain and subcarriers in the frequency domain. The pilot signal is inserted at the interval of the frequency domain, which can not only meet the requirements of the channel model supporting larger multipath delay in the LTE communication system, but also meet the requirements of stable transmission of user equipment in MPMT and HPHT modes.
优选例2：Preferred example 2:
一种物理资源块的导频插入方法，所述物理资源块在时域上由子帧组成，在频域上由子载波组成，其特征在于，针对物理资源块中的每个子帧，从频域上以相同的频域间隔插入导频信号。A pilot insertion method for a physical resource block, wherein the physical resource block is composed of subframes in the time domain and subcarriers in the frequency domain, characterized in that, for each subframe in the physical resource block, from the frequency domain The pilot signals are inserted at the same frequency domain spacing.
在每个所述子帧中，每隔2个或3个子载波的频域间隔插入1个导频信号，插入的导频信号在每个子帧中的频域位置均相同。In each of the subframes, a pilot signal is inserted every 2 or 3 subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the frequency domain positions of the inserted pilot signals in each subframe are the same.
在每个所述子帧中，每隔3个子载波的频域间隔插入1个导频信号，插入的导频信号在相邻子帧中的频域位置之间具有2个子载波的频域间隔的偏移。In each subframe, a pilot signal is inserted every 3 subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the inserted pilot signal has a frequency domain interval of 2 subcarriers between the frequency domain positions in adjacent subframes offset.
在每个所述子帧中，每隔5个子载波的频域间隔插入1个导频信号，插入的导频信号在相邻子帧中的频域位置之间具有3个子载波的频域间隔的偏移。In each subframe, a pilot signal is inserted every 5 subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the inserted pilot signal has a frequency domain interval of 3 subcarriers between the frequency domain positions in adjacent subframes offset.
在每个所述子帧中，每隔2个子载波的频域间隔插入1个导频信号，插入的导频信号在相邻子帧中的频域位置之间具有1个子载波的频域间隔的偏移。In each subframe, a pilot signal is inserted every 2 subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the inserted pilot signal has a frequency interval of 1 subcarrier between the frequency domain positions in adjacent subframes offset.
所述子帧仅包含一个OFDM符号。The subframe contains only one OFDM symbol.
所述OFDM符号的循环前缀长度为300微秒、符号间隔为2700微秒；或所述OFDM符号的循环前缀长度为386微秒、符号间隔为2400微秒。The cyclic prefix length of the OFDM symbol is 300 microseconds, and the symbol interval is 2700 microseconds; or the cyclic prefix length of the OFDM symbol is 386 microseconds, and the symbol interval is 2400 microseconds.
在频域上，1个子载波的频域间隔为0.37kHz或0.417kHz。In the frequency domain, the frequency domain interval of 1 subcarrier is 0.37kHz or 0.417kHz.
本领域技术人员知道，除了以纯计算机可读程序代码方式实现本发明提供的系统、装置及其各个模块以外，完全可以通过将方法步骤进行逻辑编程来使得本发明提供的系统、装置及其各个模块以逻辑门、开关、专用集成电路、可编程逻辑控制器以及嵌入式微控制器等的形式来实现相同程序。所以，本发明提供的系统、装置及其各个模块可以被认为是一种硬件部件，而对其内包括的用于实现各种程序的模块也可以视为硬件部件内的结构；也可以将用于实现各种功能的模块视为既可以是实现方法的软件程序又可以是硬件部件内的结构。Those skilled in the art know that, in addition to implementing the system, device and each module provided by the present invention in the form of pure computer readable program code, the system, device and each module provided by the present invention can be completely implemented by logically programming method steps. The same program is implemented in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers, among others. Therefore, the system, device and each module provided by the present invention can be regarded as a kind of hardware component, and the modules included in it for realizing various programs can also be regarded as the structure in the hardware component; A module for realizing various functions can be regarded as either a software program for realizing a method or a structure within a hardware component.
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变化或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例和实施例中的特征可以任意相互组合。The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essential content of the present invention. The embodiments of the present application and features in the embodiments may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.
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