CN112541975B - Three-dimensional head-based head-mounted product field of view calculation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a three-dimensional head-based head-mounted product vision field calculation method, which comprises the following steps of constructing a first three-dimensional vision field model M; constructing a three-dimensional head model based on the three-dimensional head; superimposing the three-dimensional head model on the first three-dimensional view model M; constructing a head-wearing product model P based on the head-wearing product; superposing the head-mounted product model P on the three-dimensional head model to obtain an interference area model J of the head-mounted product model P and the first three-dimensional view model M; based on the interference area model J, an interference range of the head-mounted product model P and the first three-dimensional view model M is acquired. Based on three-dimensional modeling software implementation, three-dimensional visual fields of different individuals can be obtained by importing three-dimensional head models of different human bodies, the visual field interference range when wearing the head-mounted product can be calculated, a basis is provided for work performance and risk assessment of related task environments, and a reference is provided for design of the head-mounted product. The operation steps are simple, and the limitation of the actual medical measurement process is eliminated.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the fields of ergonomics, computer graphics and biology, in particular to a method for calculating the field of view of a head-mounted product based on a three-dimensional head.
Background
For head-wearing products, such as glasses, helmets, goggles and the like, the visual field of people can be blocked in a certain range when the head-wearing products are worn. The visual field can influence the driving behavior, flight control, walking obstacle surmounting, working posture and other aspects of people, and various researches at home and abroad prove that the visual field loss has obvious influence on the working performance and safety under different working environments.
The visual field meter measurement adopted by the medical industry is used for visual field judgment of ophthalmic diseases, the steps are complex and have no universality, and the measurement result cannot be directly used for visual field analysis of human eyes and cannot provide basis for work performance and risk assessment of related task environments. It is therefore highly desirable to develop a method for calculating the field of view of a head-mounted product based on a three-dimensional head.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems existing in the prior art, the invention aims at: the three-dimensional head-based head-mounted product visual field calculating method is provided, the visual field interference range when the head-mounted product is worn can be calculated, a basis is provided for work performance and risk assessment of related task environments, and a reference is provided for design of the head-mounted product.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a three-dimensional head-based head-mounted product field of view calculation method, comprising the steps of,
constructing a first three-dimensional view model M;
constructing a three-dimensional head model based on the three-dimensional head;
superimposing the three-dimensional head model on the first three-dimensional view model M;
constructing a head-wearing product model P based on the head-wearing product;
superposing the head-mounted product model P on the three-dimensional head model to obtain an interference area model J of the head-mounted product model P and the first three-dimensional view model M;
based on the interference area model J, an interference range of the head-mounted product model P and the first three-dimensional view model M is acquired.
Further, the interference region model J of the head-mounted product model P and the first three-dimensional view model M is obtained by performing an intersection command operation on the head-mounted product model P and the first three-dimensional view model M.
Further, the step of constructing a three-dimensional head model based on the three-dimensional head includes,
and constructing a three-dimensional head model by using three-dimensional modeling software or acquiring by using a three-dimensional head by using a three-dimensional scanner, wherein the orbit contour and the interpupillary distance of the three-dimensional head model are consistent with those of the three-dimensional head.
Further, the implementation step of constructing the first three-dimensional view model M includes,
constructing a first two-dimensional visual field contour line f based on the visual field threshold of the human eye;
constructing a second three-dimensional view model G based on the first two-dimensional view contour line f;
and executing a mirror image command on the second three-dimensional view model G to obtain a first three-dimensional view model M formed by a union of the two second three-dimensional view models G.
Further, the implementation step of constructing the second three-dimensional view model G includes,
in three-dimensional modeling software, a circular ring e is constructed in a reference plane, a central point O of the circular ring e is used as pupil central coordinates of a three-dimensional head model, an axis marked as a Y axis through the point O and vertical to the reference plane, a plane A is established at one side of the reference plane, the plane A is marked as a Y axis positive direction relative to the direction of the point O, a first two-dimensional visual field contour line f is established at the plane A by taking a standard visual field threshold value of medical measurement as a standard, a second two-dimensional visual field contour line f 'is obtained by scaling the first two-dimensional visual field contour line f, a space curved surface n is established, one end of the space curved surface n is tangential to the plane A, the other end of the space curved surface n is perpendicular to the plane A, the second two-dimensional visual field contour line f' extends along the temporal side direction of the three-dimensional head model to obtain a closed curve G, the curvature at the initial position of the closed curve G is identical with the curvature at the temporal side of the second two-dimensional visual field contour line f ', the closed curve G is projected on the space curved surface n to obtain a space curve G', the space curve k is formed by the space curve G 'together with the second two-dimensional visual field contour line f', the space curve k represents a complete visual field contour line comprising the temporal visual field contour line including the temporal visual field threshold value, and the space curve k and the three-dimensional curve G is obtained by scanning the circular ring and the space curve G.
Further, the interference range between the head-mounted product model P and the first three-dimensional view model M is obtained by the following method,
taking any point a on the circular ring e, establishing a plane P perpendicular to the reference plane through the point a and the central point O of the circular ring e, and leading out rays from the point a in the plane PRay->When rotating around a point a in the plane P, the model J has two critical intersection points Q1 and Q2, and the interference range of the head-mounted product model P and the first three-dimensional visual field model M in the corresponding direction is represented by critical angles Q1OY and Q2 OY.
Further, the method further comprises the following steps after obtaining the interference range between the head-mounted product model P and the first three-dimensional view model M,
constructing plane T on one side of reference plane to make rayIntersecting plane T, ray for projection of interference region model J on plane T +.>The two-dimensional area T 'intersecting with the plane T is represented, a first three-dimensional view model M is projected on the plane T to obtain a projection area W' of the unworn head-mounted product, the areas of T 'and W' are calculated respectively, and the three-dimensional head view preservation rate P of the unworn head-mounted product is obtained, wherein +_>
In general, the invention has the following advantages:
based on three-dimensional modeling software implementation, three-dimensional visual fields of different individuals can be obtained by importing three-dimensional head models of different human bodies, the visual field interference range when wearing the head-mounted product can be calculated, a basis is provided for work performance and risk assessment of related task environments, and a reference is provided for design of the head-mounted product. The operation steps are simple, the universality is strong, and the limitation of the actual medical measurement process is eliminated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a first two-dimensional field of view contour f.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of constructing a second three-dimensional view model G.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second three-dimensional view model G.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a space curve k.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a space curve k and a circle e.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the positions of the points taken on the ring e.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of planes P1, P2, P3, P4.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an interference angle calculation method of the interference area model J.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the first three-dimensional view model M after the three-dimensional head model is introduced.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the first three-dimensional view model M after wearing glasses.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a method of projection through an interference area model J plane.
Fig. 12 is a schematic plan projection view of the interference area model J and the head-mounted product model P.
Fig. 13 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below.
A three-dimensional head-based head-mounted product field of view calculation method, comprising the steps of,
constructing a first three-dimensional view model M;
constructing a three-dimensional head model based on the three-dimensional head;
superimposing the three-dimensional head model on the first three-dimensional view model M;
constructing a head-wearing product model P based on the head-wearing product;
superposing the head-mounted product model P on the three-dimensional head model to obtain an interference area model J of the head-mounted product model P and the first three-dimensional view model M;
based on the interference area model J, an interference range of the head-mounted product model P and the first three-dimensional view model M is acquired.
By matching the three-dimensional head model with the first three-dimensional view model M and matching the head-mounted product model P with the three-dimensional head model, an interference area model J of the head-mounted product model P and the first three-dimensional view model M can be obtained, and the interference area model J can be subjected to computer operation to obtain the interference range of the head-mounted product model P and the first three-dimensional view model M. The three-dimensional head of different head types can correspondingly construct different three-dimensional head models. Different head-mounted products may construct the head-mounted product model P accordingly. Therefore, the three-dimensional head-based head-mounted product vision calculation method is implemented based on three-dimensional modeling software, three-dimensional vision of different individuals can be obtained by importing three-dimensional head models of different human bodies, the vision interference range when the head-mounted product is worn can be calculated, a basis is provided for work performance and risk assessment of related task environments, and a reference is provided for design of the head-mounted product. The operation steps are simple, the universality is strong, and the limitation of the actual medical measurement process is eliminated.
The interference region model J of the head-mounted product model P and the first three-dimensional view model M is obtained by performing an intersection command operation on the head-mounted product model P and the first three-dimensional view model M.
The step of constructing a three-dimensional head model based on the three-dimensional head includes,
and constructing a three-dimensional head model by using three-dimensional modeling software or acquiring by using a three-dimensional head by using a three-dimensional scanner, wherein the orbit contour and the interpupillary distance of the three-dimensional head model are consistent with those of the three-dimensional head.
Through the step, the three-dimensional view based on the three-dimensional head model can be constructed by combining the standard view threshold of the healthy person according to the pupil distance, the eye socket outline and the eye position of different individuals by utilizing a digital method, so that quantitative calculation of view defect conditions caused by the influence of interference areas when the head-mounted product is worn on the three-dimensional head is facilitated. When the head-wearing product model P is imported, the head-wearing product model P and the three-dimensional head model are required to be kept in contact, and when the three-dimensional head model wears the glasses, the glasses legs are in contact with auricles, the glasses nose support is in contact with the nose bridge, and the horizontal line visual axis is positioned 7mm above the horizontal line of the center of the glasses.
When the first three-dimensional view model M is matched to the pupil position of the three-dimensional head model, the central line of the first three-dimensional view model M is consistent with the pupil visual axis direction of the three-dimensional head model. The upper, lower, nasal, temporal four orientations of the first three-dimensional view model M correspond to the three-dimensional head model orientations. When the visual axis changes with the rotation of the human eye, the first three-dimensional visual field model M rotates with the rotation of the human eye.
The implementation step of constructing the first three-dimensional view model M includes, as shown in fig. 1, constructing a first two-dimensional view contour line f based on a human eye view threshold; constructing a second three-dimensional view model G based on the first two-dimensional view contour line f; and executing a mirror image command on the second three-dimensional view model G to obtain a first three-dimensional view model M formed by a union of the two second three-dimensional view models G.
The first three-dimensional view model M represents a binocular three-dimensional view model of a healthy population. The second three-dimensional view model G represents a monocular three-dimensional view model of a healthy population. The two-eye three-dimensional visual field model of the healthy crowd can be conveniently constructed on the basis of the single-eye three-dimensional visual field model through the mirror image command.
The implementation step of constructing the second three-dimensional view model G includes,
as shown in fig. 2-5, in the three-dimensional modeling software, a ring e is constructed in a reference plane, a central point O of the ring e is taken as pupil central coordinates of the three-dimensional head model, a point O is passed through, an axis perpendicular to the reference plane is taken as a Y axis, a plane a is established at one side of the reference plane, the plane a is taken as a Y axis forward direction relative to the direction of the point O, a standard visual field threshold value of medical measurement is taken as a standard visual field threshold value, a first two-dimensional visual field contour line f is established at the plane a, a second two-dimensional visual field contour line f 'is obtained by scaling the first two-dimensional visual field contour line f, a space curved surface n is established, one end of the space curved surface n is tangent to the plane a, the other end of the space curved surface is perpendicular to the plane a, the second two-dimensional visual field contour line f' is extended along the temporal side direction of the three-dimensional head model to obtain a closed curve G, curvature at the starting point of the closed curve G is identical with curvature at the temporal side of the second two-dimensional visual field contour line f ', the closed curve G' is projected on the space curved surface n to obtain a space curve G ', the space curve G' is jointly formed by the space curve G and the space curve f and the space curve k represents the space curve k, the space curve k is represented by the space curve k, the space curve e and the space curve k represents the complete visual field contour line e and the complete circle curve.
Specifically, the visual field outline threshold value of the healthy person measured by the visual field meter is obtained, healthy human eye visual field data of medical authentication is used as a research basis, and peripheral visual field measured by a white visual target in a static and relaxed state of human eyes is used, wherein the preferable angle is expressed as: upper 56 °, lower 74 °, nasal 65 °, temporal 91 °. The physiological blind spot is located 15.5 ° on the temporal side of the central visual field fixation point, 1.5 ° below the horizontal line. The blind spot size is 5.5-9.5 DEG for vertical diameter and 3.5-9.5 DEG for transverse diameter. The central field of view of the region within 30 ° around the fixation point is expressed in terms of photosensitivity.
The prior art visual field calculation method generally approximates the visual field area of human eyes to be cone, and is inconsistent with the actual visual field of human eyes, so that the calculation method is inaccurate. The applicant has found that the human eye central field of view profile is actually drop-shaped, and thus a planar threshold profile of the central field of view and the peripheral field of view can be constructed therefrom. In the three-dimensional modeling software, a circular ring e with the diameter of 4mm is constructed in a reference plane XOZ by setting a space origin coordinate O (0, 0) as a pupil center coordinate, and the circular ring e represents the pupil of a person. Let the visual axis point to the Y-axis forward direction and be recorded asIn the distance from the reference plane XOZ +.>A plane A is established at the position of 300mm in the direction, and a first two-dimensional visual field contour line f is established on the plane A by taking the standard visual field contour of medical measurement as a standard.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, four points, a (0, 2), b (0, -2), c (-2,0,0), d (2,0,0), are respectively expressed on the reference plane XOZ, and rays are established from a, b, cRay->Ray->And satisfy ray +.>And->The included angle is 56 degrees, and the rays are->And->The included angle is 74 degrees, and the rays are->And->The included angle is 65 DEG, and the rays are->All in the plane YOZ, ray +.>In plane XOY. Taking the upper, lower and left vertexes of the first two-dimensional visual field contour line F as F 1 、F 2 、F 3 . Scaling the first two-dimensional field of view contour F to satisfy three vertices F of the first two-dimensional field of view contour F 1 、F 2 、F 3 Respectively and is->Ray->Ray->Tangent to obtain a scaled second two-dimensional visual field contour line f',the second two-dimensional field of view contour line' represents the standard field of view contour at 300mm of vision. And establishing a space curved surface n, wherein one end of the space curved surface n is tangent to the plane A, and the other end of the space curved surface n is perpendicular to the plane A. Extending in the 91-degree direction of the temporal side of the second two-dimensional visual field contour line f ', and constructing a closed curve g, wherein the curvature of the starting point of the closed curve g is the same as that of the temporal side of the second two-dimensional visual field contour line f'. The closed curve g is projected on the space curved surface n to obtain a space curve g ', and the space curve g ' and the second two-dimensional visual field contour f ' jointly form a space curve k, as shown in fig. 4, wherein the space curve k represents a visual field contour including a temporal visual field threshold. And selecting the circular ring e and the space curve k, and scanning to obtain a second three-dimensional view model G.
The interference range between the head product model P and the first three-dimensional view model M is obtained in such a manner that,
as shown in FIG. 8, an arbitrary point a is taken on the ring e, a plane P perpendicular to the reference plane is established through the point a and the center point O of the ring e, and rays are extracted from the point a in the plane PRay->When rotating around a point a in the plane P, the model J has two critical intersection points Q1 and Q2, and the interference range of the head-mounted product model P and the first three-dimensional visual field model M in the corresponding direction is represented by critical angles Q1OY and Q2 OY.
The ray starts from the pupil and intersects with the boundary line of the interference area model J, so that the real effect of interference of the head-wearing product on the ray entering the pupil can be simulated. Specifically, the point a (0, 2) on the ring e is taken as a starting point, the ring e is taken as a track,for orientation, a point is taken every 45 ° clockwise, denoted a, a ', b', c ', d', respectively. The visual axis direction is known to be +.>The plane XOZ is perpendicular to the visual axis. As shown in fig. 7, spatial planes through the Y-axis perpendicular to the XOZ plane, denoted P1, P2, P3, P4, respectively, are established, wherein: p1 coincides with plane YOZ and P3 plane YOX coincides with +.>For orientation, P1 is rotated 45 degrees clockwise to obtain a plane P2, P4 being perpendicular to P2. Radiation is led out from point a->Satisfy->Is positioned in the plane P1 and intersected with the interference area model J at a point Q, and the magnitude of the angle QOY corresponding to the different positions of the Q is recorded. The same method is adopted to lead out rays from points a ', b', c ', d and d' respectivelySatisfy->The two planes P2, P3, P4, P2, P3 and P4 are respectively positioned in the planes P2, P3, P4, and the sizes of the respective +. QOY in the different planes are recorded.
Further, for 8 rays in the planes P2, P3, P4, at least two critical values exist at the intersection point Q of each ray and the interference area model J, and critical angles +.q1oy and +.q2oy corresponding to the critical points Q1 and Q2 of each ray are recorded, that is, each direction in 8 directions has an interference range represented by two angles, so the interference threshold of 8 directions can be represented by the 16 angles.
The interference range between the head-mounted product model P and the first three-dimensional view model M is acquired,
as shown in fig. 11 and 12, a plane T is constructed on the reference plane side so as to radiateIntersecting plane T, stemRay for projection of the region model J on the plane T +.>The two-dimensional area T 'intersecting with the plane T is represented, a first three-dimensional view model M is projected on the plane T to obtain a projection area W' of the unworn head-mounted product, the areas of T 'and W' are calculated respectively, and the three-dimensional head view preservation rate P of the unworn head-mounted product is obtained, wherein +_>
Specifically, a space plane T is constructed, the distance between the plane T and a reference plane where a circular ring e is positioned is 300mm, a projection command is input, a ray led out by taking each point on a pupil boundary line as a starting point intersects with an interference area model J and intersects with the plane T at different positions, and a two-dimensional graph formed by the ray intersects with the plane T to represent the projection of the interference area model J on the plane at the position of 300mm and is marked as T'. The standard view model without wearing any head-mounted product is projected on a plane T, and the projection area is denoted as W'. The areas of T 'and W' are calculated respectively by the formulaP represents the three-dimensional head view preservation rate of wearing the head-mounted product.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention is implemented based on three-dimensional modeling software, and three-dimensional vision fields of different individuals can be obtained by importing three-dimensional head models of different human bodies. The operation steps are simple, the universality is strong, and the limitation of the actual medical measurement process is eliminated.
2. For the field of vision of individuals with normal vision, the medical field does not provide a targeted measure. Compared with the data parameters measured by the traditional visual field meter or the visual field range represented by the two-dimensional image, the invention can directly provide a three-dimensional visual field and can intuitively calculate the visual field of the human body.
3. Compared with the visual field analysis function in the existing ergonomic software, the invention provides an accurate human visual field range, and can generate different visual field ranges based on different eye features (pupil distance, eye contour and pupil position), and the projection of the visual field range on any two-dimensional plane accords with the actual visual field threshold contour of the human body. During view calculation, each interference point can be analyzed, and complex interference conditions can be analyzed more accurately and output in an intuitive graph form.
4. According to the invention, the visual field interference evaluation results of different products are output in a space angle mode, so that the visual field interference condition of the head-mounted product can be intuitively obtained, and an improvement scheme is provided.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The method for calculating the field of view of the head-mounted product based on the three-dimensional head is characterized by comprising the following steps of: comprises the steps of,
constructing a first three-dimensional view model M;
constructing a three-dimensional head model based on the three-dimensional head;
superimposing the three-dimensional head model on the first three-dimensional view model M;
constructing a head-wearing product model P based on the head-wearing product;
superposing the head-mounted product model P on the three-dimensional head model to obtain an interference area model J of the head-mounted product model P and the first three-dimensional view model M;
based on the interference area model J, acquiring an interference range of the head-mounted product model P and the first three-dimensional view model M;
the interference area model J of the head-mounted product model P and the first three-dimensional view field model M is obtained by utilizing an intersecting command operation;
the step of constructing a three-dimensional head model based on the three-dimensional head includes,
constructing a three-dimensional head model by using three-dimensional modeling software, or acquiring by using a three-dimensional head of a three-dimensional scanner, wherein the orbit contour and the interpupillary distance of the three-dimensional head model are consistent with those of the three-dimensional head;
the implementation step of constructing the first three-dimensional view model M comprises,
constructing a first two-dimensional visual field contour line f based on the visual field threshold of the human eye;
constructing a second three-dimensional view model G based on the first two-dimensional view contour line f;
executing a mirror image command on the second three-dimensional view model G to obtain a first three-dimensional view model M formed by a union of the two second three-dimensional view models G;
the implementation step of constructing the second three-dimensional view model G includes,
in three-dimensional modeling software, a circular ring e is constructed in a reference plane, a central point O of the circular ring e is used as pupil central coordinates of a three-dimensional head model, an axis which is perpendicular to the reference plane is marked as a Y axis through the point O, a plane A is established at one side of the reference plane, the direction of the plane A relative to the point O is marked as the Y axis forward direction, a standard visual field threshold value of medical measurement is used as a standard to establish a first two-dimensional visual field contour line f on the plane A, the first two-dimensional visual field contour line f is scaled to obtain a second two-dimensional visual field contour line f ', a space curved surface n is established, one end of the space curved surface n is tangent to the plane A, the other end of the space curved surface is perpendicular to the plane A, the second two-dimensional visual field contour line f' extends along the temporal side direction of the three-dimensional head model to obtain a closed curve G, the curvature at the initial position of the closed curve G is identical with the curvature at the temporal side of the second two-dimensional visual field contour line f ', the closed curve G is projected on the space curved surface n to obtain a space curve G', the space curve k is jointly formed by the space curve G 'and the second two-dimensional visual field contour line f', the space curve k represents a complete visual field contour line comprising the temporal visual field contour line including the temporal visual field threshold value, and the circular ring k and the space curved surface k is scanned to obtain a three-dimensional curve G;
the interference range between the head product model P and the first three-dimensional view model M is obtained in such a manner that,
taking any point a on the circular ring e, establishing a plane P perpendicular to the reference plane through the point a and the central point O of the circular ring e, and leading out rays from the point a in the plane PRay->When rotating around a point a in the plane P, the model J has two critical intersection points Q1 and Q2, and the interference range of the head-mounted product model P and the first three-dimensional visual field model M in the corresponding direction is represented by critical angles Q1OY and Q2 OY.
2. The three-dimensional head-based head-mounted product field of view calculation method according to claim 1, wherein: the interference range between the head-mounted product model P and the first three-dimensional view model M is acquired,
constructing plane T on one side of reference plane to make rayIntersecting plane T, ray for projection of interference region model J on plane T +.>The two-dimensional area T 'intersecting with the plane T is represented, a first three-dimensional view model M is projected on the plane T to obtain a projection area W' of the unworn head-mounted product, the areas of T 'and W' are calculated respectively, and the three-dimensional head view preservation rate P of the unworn head-mounted product is obtained, wherein +_>
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