CN112540007A - Method and device for testing high-temperature tensile property of fiber monofilament - Google Patents
Method and device for testing high-temperature tensile property of fiber monofilament Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for testing high-temperature tensile property of a fiber monofilament, which solve the problem that the high-temperature tensile property of an alumina fiber monofilament cannot be accurately measured by the conventional method. The fiber monofilament high-temperature tensile property testing device comprises a tensile testing machine testing device and a high-temperature heating device; the tensile testing machine testing device comprises a sensor and a sample mounting device; the sample mounting device comprises an upper mounting end and a lower mounting end; the mounting surfaces of the upper mounting end and the lower mounting end are symmetrical circular arcs. The method for testing the high-temperature tensile property of the fiber monofilaments greatly improves the success rate and accuracy of the test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fiber tensile property testing, and particularly relates to a method and a device for testing the high-temperature tensile property of a fiber monofilament.
Background
The alumina fiber is alumina fiber-shaped light refractory material, the diameter of the alumina fiber is generally micron-sized, and the surface of the alumina fiber is smooth and cylindrical. Alumina fibers are considered as a fiber raw material of the next generation of wave-transparent/heat-insulating integrated fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix structure material due to their characteristics of high melting point, low density, high strength, excellent high temperature resistance, and the like. Has wide application value in the fields of aluminum-based reinforced composite materials, heat-insulating and sound-insulating materials and the like.
Effective evaluation of the tensile property of the alumina fiber is a key basis for guaranteeing the quality of the composite material. As a high temperature resistant material, the tensile property of alumina fiber in high temperature environment is one of the most important performance indexes. However, through research, the high-temperature tensile strength test of the alumina fiber monofilament adopts the steps of carrying out heat treatment on a sample to be tested at high temperature, cooling to room temperature, and carrying out tensile test at room temperature, the method can not completely truly reflect the real tensile property of the fiber under the high-temperature condition, and the monofilament sample with larger length is difficult to prepare for high-temperature online test due to the fact that the diameter of the fiber monofilament is too small and brittleness is large, so that the structure, size and heating efficiency of a high-temperature heating device for realizing the high-temperature online test of the fiber monofilament are key technologies for influencing the high-temperature online test, the preparation and sample loading modes of the monofilament sample are important factors for influencing the high-temperature online test efficiency, and at present, no test standard and method for the high-temperature.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a method and an apparatus for testing high temperature tensile properties of fiber monofilaments, which are used for measuring the high temperature tensile properties of alumina fiber monofilaments.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the invention provides a fiber monofilament high-temperature tensile property testing device, which comprises a tensile testing machine testing device and a high-temperature heating device;
the tensile testing machine testing device comprises a sensor and a sample mounting device; the sample mounting device comprises an upper mounting end and a lower mounting end; the mounting surfaces of the upper mounting end and the lower mounting end are symmetrical circular arcs.
Further, the high-temperature heating device comprises a C-shaped heating element coil group, the C-shaped heating element coil group comprises an upper section, a middle section and a lower section along the length direction of the alumina fiber monofilament, and the upper section, the middle section and the lower section are all C-shaped heating element coils.
Further, the upper, intermediate and lower sections can be heated separately.
Further, the C-shaped heating element coil is a noble metal heating element coil.
Further, along the length direction of the alumina fiber monofilament, the height H of the C-shaped heating element coil group and the length l of the fiber monofilament to be detected accord with the following relationship:
l/5≤H≤l/2。
on the other hand, the invention also provides a fiber monofilament high-temperature tensile property testing method, which adopts the fiber monofilament high-temperature tensile property testing device and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: picking a plurality of fiber monofilaments from the fiber filaments to be detected, orderly and transversely placing the fiber monofilaments on a sample preparation table in sequence, and ensuring that two ends of the fiber monofilaments naturally extend out in the width direction of the sample preparation table;
step two: dripping adhesives at two ends of the fiber monofilaments which naturally extend out of the sample preparation table, and naturally curing the adhesives at the two ends of the fiber monofilaments after the adhesives form spherical rubber beads;
step three: suspending the prepared fiber monofilament to the upper mounting end and the lower mounting end of a testing device of a tensile testing machine, and placing a high-temperature heating device between the two mounting ends to encircle a fiber monofilament sample;
step four: heating to the required test temperature and preserving heat;
step five: and performing a tensile test to obtain the tensile strength of the fiber monofilament.
Furthermore, in the first step, the cross section of the sample preparation platform is in a shape of a Chinese character 'tu'.
Further, the system sample platform includes mesa and lower mesa, go up the mesa with mesa is the cuboid down, the width of going up the mesa is less than the width of mesa down, the length of going up the mesa equals the length of mesa down.
Furthermore, the upper table top is made of rubber.
Further, in the fourth step, in the temperature rising process, the heating powers of the lower section, the middle section and the upper section are sequentially reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
a) the high-temperature heating device in the fiber monofilament high-temperature tensile property testing device provided by the invention adopts the C-shaped noble metal heating element coil group, can rapidly heat when the experiment temperature is 1100-1200 ℃, and has good temperature uniformity.
b) The C-shaped precious metal heating body coil group adopts three sections to control temperature, wherein the lower section is heated by power higher than that of the middle section, and the upper section is heated by power lower than that of the middle section, so that the rapid temperature rise to the target temperature can be realized, and the heating efficiency and the temperature uniformity of the heating device are ensured.
c) The mounting surface of the sample mounting device is in a symmetrical arc shape, so that the problem of stress concentration at the sample mounting end is effectively solved, and the test success rate is improved.
d) The sizes and the temperature ranges of the sample mounting device and the high-temperature heating device in the fiber monofilament high-temperature tensile property testing device provided by the invention both meet the requirements of the fiber monofilament tensile test load range and the temperature, and the accuracy of the experiment is improved.
e) The high-temperature heating device is simple in structure and can be freely pushed, a test sample can be quickly replaced during implementation, and the test efficiency is greatly improved.
f) According to the method for testing the high-temperature tensile property of the fiber monofilament, during the preparation process of the fiber monofilament, the adhesive is dripped at the two ends of the fiber monofilament to form spherical rubber beads for solidification, and then the spherical rubber beads are fixed on the sample mounting device of the tensile testing machine in a hanging mode, so that compared with the traditional mode that the sample is fixed on the tensile testing machine in a mode of preparing a sample by using a sample lining for clamping, the sample preparation steps are reduced, and the sample preparation efficiency is greatly improved; and the sample is fixed on the tensile testing machine in a mounting mode, so that the effect of a universal joint is achieved in the tensile testing process, the damage to the sample possibly caused in the traditional sample clamping process is reduced, the centering property of the sample is ensured, the problem of abnormal sample fracture caused by misalignment of fiber monofilaments is avoided, and the success rate and the accuracy of the test are greatly improved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the particular invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures.
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a fiber monofilament sample to be tested according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of a schematic diagram of a sample to be tested for a fiber monofilament in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a fiber monofilament high-temperature tensile property testing device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the high-temperature tensile property testing device for fiber monofilaments according to the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-fiber monofilament, 2-spherical rubber beads, 3-upper table top, 4-lower table top, 5-sensor, 6-upper mounting end, 7-high temperature heating device, 8-lower mounting end and 9-base.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which are used to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to solve the problem of online testing of the high-temperature tensile strength of the alumina fiber monofilament, the invention provides the method and the device for testing the high-temperature tensile strength of the alumina fiber monofilament, so that the sample preparation process is optimized, the damage to the fiber monofilament in the sample preparation process is reduced, the sample preparation efficiency is greatly improved, the effective evaluation of the tensile strength of the alumina fiber monofilament at high temperature is realized, and the test efficiency is greatly improved.
The invention provides a fiber monofilament high-temperature tensile property testing device, which comprises a tensile testing machine testing device, a high-temperature heating device 7 and a testing and data processing system, as shown in figures 3 and 4; the testing device of the tensile testing machine comprises a sensor 5 and a sample mounting device; the sample mounting device comprises an upper mounting end 6 and a lower mounting end 8; the mounting surfaces of the upper mounting end 6 and the lower mounting end 8 are both in a symmetrical circular arc shape, specifically, the mounting surfaces are convex circular arc surfaces, one end of the alumina fiber monofilament is fixed at the center of the circular arc surface of the upper mounting end 6, and the other end of the alumina fiber monofilament is fixed at the center of the circular arc surface of the lower mounting end 8.
Specifically, the high-temperature heating device 7 adopts a C-shaped heating element coil group, and the C-shaped heating element coil group comprises three sections, namely an upper section, a middle section and a lower section, along the length direction of the alumina fiber monofilament, wherein each section is a C-shaped heating element coil; in order to facilitate adjustment, each section is provided with a temperature control unit which can heat independently.
Specifically, the high-temperature heating device 7 can be freely moved.
Considering that the heating limit of the nickel-chromium alloy heating element coil is 1200 ℃, when the experimental temperature needs to reach more than 1100 ℃, the heating time of the nickel-chromium alloy heating element coil is long, and the temperature control is not good, so the C-shaped heating element coil adopts a noble metal heating element coil, such as iridium, rhodium and platinum.
In the implementation process, the heat is transferred from bottom to top, and in order to realize rapid temperature rise to the target temperature and ensure better temperature uniformity, the lower section is heated by power larger than that of the middle section, and the upper section is heated by power smaller than that of the middle section.
Considering that the effective length of the fiber monofilament is limited due to the fact that the height H of the whole C-shaped heating element coil group is too large, the difficulty of sample preparation of the fiber with poor quality is increased or the test cannot be completed; the height is too small, the heating time is too long, and the heating and temperature-equalizing effects are poor. Therefore, the height H of the C-shaped heating element coil group along the length direction of the alumina fiber monofilament and the length l of the fiber monofilament to be tested are controlled to accord with the following relationship:
l/5≤H≤l/2。
specifically, the arc diameter d of the C-shaped heat-generating element coil is controlled to be 10 to 25mm, for example, 10mm, 11mm, 12mm, 13mm, 14mm, 15mm, 16mm, 17mm, 18mm, 19mm, 20mm, 21mm, 22mm, 23mm, 24mm, 25mm, in consideration of the small size of the fiber monofilament, the excessively large arc diameter d of the C-shaped heat-generating element coil, and the poor heating effect.
In order to test the heating temperature of the high-temperature heating device, a thermocouple is arranged in the high-temperature heating device, and during implementation, the coil of the C-shaped heating body is ensured not to contact with the fiber monofilament in the testing process.
Specifically, the test and data processing system sets the test conditions and processes the measured data to obtain the average value, the standard deviation and the dispersion coefficient of the tensile strength data of the fiber monofilaments.
The invention also provides a method for testing the high-temperature tensile property of the fiber monofilament, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: picking a plurality of fiber monofilaments 1 from the fiber filaments to be detected, and orderly placing the fiber monofilaments 1 on a sample preparation table in a crossing manner in sequence to ensure that two ends of the fiber monofilaments 1 naturally extend out in the width direction of the sample preparation table;
step two: dripping adhesives at two ends of the fiber monofilaments which naturally extend out of the sample preparation table, and naturally curing the adhesives at the two ends of the fiber monofilaments to form spherical rubber beads 2;
step three: suspending the prepared fiber monofilament to an upper mounting end 6 and a lower mounting end 8 of a tensile testing machine testing device, and placing a high-temperature heating device between the two mounting ends to encircle a fiber monofilament sample;
step four: heating to the required test temperature and preserving heat;
step five: performing a tensile test to obtain the tensile strength of the fiber monofilament;
step six: and repeating the third step to the fifth step, testing the tensile strength of the plurality of fiber monofilaments, and calculating the average value, the standard deviation and the dispersion coefficient.
It should be noted that, in the first step, in order to ensure that both ends of the fiber monofilament can naturally extend in the width direction of the sample preparation table, a proper sample preparation table is selected, as shown in fig. 1-2, the sample preparation table includes an upper table surface 3 and a lower table surface 4, both the upper table surface 3 and the lower table surface 4 are cuboids, the width of the upper table surface 3 is smaller than the width of the lower table surface 4, the length of the upper table surface 3 is equal to the length of the lower table surface 4, the cross section of the sample preparation table is in a shape of "convex", and the width of the lower table surface of the sample preparation table is equal to the effective length l of the fiber monofilament.
In order to prevent the fiber monofilaments from being scratched by the excessive hardness of the material of the upper table top, the upper table top of the sample preparation table is made of flat, smooth and low-hardness material, such as rubber, and the like, and the upper table top of the sample preparation table is marked with equally-spaced marked lines parallel to the width direction.
In the second step, in order to prevent the adhesive from falling off due to slow curing of the adhesive, spherical rubber beads cannot be formed, and the adhesive has high viscosity and can be sufficiently cured in a short time at room temperature; and in order to ensure the accuracy of the high temperature test, the adhesive needs to be resistant to high temperature. For example, the adhesive is HY-914.
In the third step, in order to prevent the C-shaped heating element coil from contacting the fiber monofilament, the C-shaped opening of the high-temperature heating device is adjusted to face the fiber monofilament, and then the high-temperature heating device is pushed to a proper position between the two mounting ends to loop the fiber monofilament to be tested without contacting.
In the fourth step, in view of the fact that heat is transferred from bottom to top, in order to achieve rapid temperature rise to the target temperature and ensure better temperature uniformity, in the temperature rise process, the lower section is heated by a power larger than that of the middle section, and the upper section is heated by a power smaller than that of the middle section; namely, along the length direction of the alumina fiber monofilament, the heating power of the lower section, the middle section and the upper section is reduced in sequence.
According to the method for testing the high-temperature tensile property of the fiber monofilament, during the preparation process of the fiber monofilament, the adhesive is dripped at the two ends of the fiber monofilament to form spherical rubber beads for solidification, and then the spherical rubber beads are fixed on the sample mounting device of the tensile testing machine in a hanging mode, so that compared with the traditional mode that the sample is fixed on the tensile testing machine in a mode of preparing a sample by using a sample lining for clamping, the sample preparation steps are reduced, and the sample preparation efficiency is greatly improved; and the sample is fixed on the tensile testing machine in a mounting mode, so that the effect of a universal joint is achieved in the tensile testing process, the damage to the sample possibly caused in the traditional sample clamping process is reduced, the centering property of the sample is ensured, the problem of abnormal sample fracture caused by misalignment of fiber monofilaments is avoided, and the success rate and the accuracy of the test are greatly improved.
The sizes and the temperature ranges of the sample mounting device and the high-temperature heating device in the fiber monofilament high-temperature tensile property testing device meet the requirements of the fiber monofilament tensile test load range and the temperature, and the accuracy of the experiment is improved.
The mounting surface of the sample mounting device is in a symmetrical arc shape, so that the problem of stress concentration at the sample mounting end is effectively solved, and the test success rate is improved.
The high-temperature heating device adopts the C-shaped noble metal heating element coil group, can meet the requirement that the high-temperature heating device can also quickly heat when the experiment temperature is 1100-1200 ℃, and has good temperature uniformity. The C-shaped precious metal heating body coil group adopts three sections to control temperature, wherein the lower section is heated by power higher than that of the middle section, and the upper section is heated by power lower than that of the middle section, so that the rapid temperature rise to the target temperature can be realized, and the heating efficiency and the temperature uniformity of the heating device are ensured.
The high-temperature heating device is simple in structure and can be freely pushed, a test sample can be quickly replaced during implementation, and the test efficiency is greatly improved.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 3, the embodiment provides a device for testing high-temperature tensile property of a fiber monofilament, which includes a tensile testing machine testing device, a high-temperature heating device 7 and a testing and data processing system; the testing device of the tensile testing machine comprises a sensor 5 and a sample mounting device; the sample mounting device comprises an upper mounting end 6 and a lower mounting end 8; the mounting surfaces of the upper mounting end 6 and the lower mounting end 8 are both in a symmetrical circular arc shape. The tensile tester testing device is placed on the base 9.
Specifically, the high-temperature heating device 7 adopts a C-shaped heating element coil group, the coil group comprises three sections, namely an upper section, a middle section and a lower section, and each section is a C-shaped heating element coil; each section can be heated separately.
Specifically, the high-temperature heating device 7 can be freely pushed and is internally provided with a thermocouple.
Specifically, the C-shaped heating element coil adopts iridium.
Specifically, the dimension height H of the whole C-shaped heating element coil group is 12 mm; the diameter d of the arc of the C-shaped heating element coil is 15 mm.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for testing high-temperature tensile property of a fiber monofilament, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: picking a plurality of fiber monofilaments from the fiber filaments to be detected, orderly and transversely placing the fiber monofilaments on a sample preparation table in sequence, and ensuring that two ends of the fiber monofilaments naturally extend out in the width direction of the sample preparation table;
step two: dripping a drop at two ends of a fiber monofilament naturally extending out of a sample preparation table by using an adhesive, and forming spherical rubber beads by using the adhesive at the two ends of the fiber monofilament and naturally curing;
step three: starting a tensile testing machine, setting a testing program for standby, hanging the prepared fiber monofilament to an upper mounting end 6 and a lower mounting end 8 of a testing device of the tensile testing machine, and placing a high-temperature heating device between the two mounting ends to encircle a sample;
step four: setting a programmed temperature rise, heating to 1100 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 3 min;
step five: starting the testing machine when the heat preservation time is up, and performing tensile test at the speed of 5mm/min until the fiber monofilament is broken to obtain the tensile strength of the fiber monofilament;
step six: and repeating the third step to the fifth step, testing the tensile strength of the plurality of fiber monofilaments, and obtaining the average value, the standard deviation and the dispersion coefficient of 20 test samples through the data processing unit after all the test samples to be tested are tested, so as to be used as the high-temperature tensile data parameters of the fiber monofilaments to be tested.
Specifically, the length l of the fiber monofilament is 47-55 mm.
Specifically, the width D1 of the lower table top of the sample preparation table is 50mm, and the width D0 of the upper table top is 40 mm; and (4) dropping the adhesive at the position where the naturally extending parts at the two ends of the fiber monofilament coincide with the edge of the lower table top, and testing after the adhesive is fully cured.
The detection results are shown in the following table 1, and it can be seen from table 1 that the average value of the high-temperature tensile strength of the alumina fiber monofilament at 1100 ℃ is 1.06GPa, the standard deviation is 0.12, the dispersion coefficient is 11%, the tensile strength test data at high temperature is stable and has small discreteness, which indicates that the method has small damage to the fiber monofilament and can truly and effectively evaluate the tensile property of the alumina fiber monofilament at high temperature.
TABLE 1 test results
Compared with the prior art, in the method for testing the high-temperature tensile property of the fiber monofilament, during the preparation process of the fiber monofilament, the adhesive is dripped at the two ends of the fiber monofilament to form spherical rubber beads for solidification, and then the spherical rubber beads are fixed on a sample mounting device of a tensile testing machine in a suspension mode, so that the sample preparation steps are reduced, and the sample preparation efficiency is greatly improved; and the sample is fixed on the tensile testing machine in a mounting mode, so that the effect of a universal joint is achieved in the tensile testing process, the damage to the sample possibly caused in the traditional sample clamping process is reduced, the centering property of the sample is ensured, the problem of abnormal sample fracture caused by misalignment of fiber monofilaments is avoided, and the success rate and the accuracy of the test are greatly improved.
The sizes and the temperature ranges of the sample mounting device and the high-temperature heating device in the fiber monofilament high-temperature tensile property testing device meet the requirements of the fiber monofilament tensile test load range and the temperature, and the accuracy of the experiment is improved. The mounting surface of the sample mounting device is in a symmetrical arc shape, so that the problem of stress concentration at the sample mounting end is effectively solved, and the test success rate is improved.
The high-temperature heating device adopts the C-shaped noble metal heating element coil group, can meet the requirement that the high-temperature heating device can also quickly heat when the experiment temperature is 1100-1200 ℃, and has good temperature uniformity. The C-shaped precious metal heating body coil group adopts three sections to control temperature, wherein the lower section is heated by power higher than that of the middle section, and the upper section is heated by power lower than that of the middle section, so that the rapid temperature rise to the target temperature can be realized, and the heating efficiency and the temperature uniformity of the heating device are ensured.
The high-temperature heating device is simple in structure and can be freely pushed, a test sample can be quickly replaced during implementation, and the test efficiency is greatly improved.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fiber monofilament high-temperature tensile property testing device is characterized by comprising a tensile testing machine testing device and a high-temperature heating device (7);
the tensile testing machine testing device comprises a sensor (5) and a sample mounting device; the sample mounting device comprises an upper mounting end (6) and a lower mounting end (8); the mounting surfaces of the upper mounting end (6) and the lower mounting end (8) are both in a symmetrical circular arc shape.
2. The fiber monofilament high-temperature tensile property testing device according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature heating device (7) comprises a C-shaped heating element coil group, and the C-shaped heating element coil group comprises an upper section, a middle section and a lower section along the length direction of the alumina fiber monofilament, and the upper section, the middle section and the lower section are all C-shaped heating element coils.
3. The apparatus for testing high temperature tensile properties of fiber monofilaments according to claim 2, wherein the upper, middle and lower sections can be heated individually.
4. The device for testing the high-temperature tensile property of the fiber monofilaments according to claim 2, wherein the C-shaped heating element coil is a noble metal heating element coil.
5. The device for testing the high-temperature tensile property of the fiber monofilament according to claim 2, wherein along the length direction of the alumina fiber monofilament, the height H of the C-shaped heating element coil group and the length l of the fiber monofilament to be tested conform to the following relation:
l/5≤H≤l/2。
6. a fiber monofilament high-temperature tensile property test method is characterized in that the fiber monofilament high-temperature tensile property test device of claims 2-5 is adopted, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: picking a plurality of fiber monofilaments from the fiber filaments to be detected, orderly and transversely placing the fiber monofilaments on a sample preparation table in sequence, and ensuring that two ends of the fiber monofilaments naturally extend out in the width direction of the sample preparation table;
step two: dripping adhesives at two ends of the fiber monofilaments which naturally extend out of the sample preparation table, and naturally curing the adhesives at the two ends of the fiber monofilaments after the adhesives form spherical rubber beads;
step three: suspending the prepared fiber monofilament to the upper mounting end and the lower mounting end of a testing device of a tensile testing machine, and placing a high-temperature heating device between the two mounting ends to encircle a fiber monofilament sample;
step four: heating to the required test temperature and preserving heat;
step five: and performing a tensile test to obtain the tensile strength of the fiber monofilament.
7. The method for testing the high-temperature tensile property of the fiber monofilaments according to claim 6, wherein in the first step, the cross section of the sample preparation platform is in a shape like a Chinese character 'tu'.
8. The method for testing the high-temperature tensile property of the fiber monofilaments according to claim 7, wherein the sample preparation table comprises an upper table top and a lower table top, both the upper table top and the lower table top are cuboids, the width of the upper table top is smaller than that of the lower table top, and the length of the upper table top is equal to that of the lower table top.
9. The method for testing the high-temperature tensile property of the fiber monofilaments according to claim 8, wherein the material adopted by the upper table top is rubber.
10. The method for testing the high-temperature tensile property of the fiber monofilaments according to the claims 6-9, wherein in the fourth step, the heating power of the lower section, the middle section and the upper section is reduced in sequence during the temperature rising process.
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