CN112537931B - High-frost-resistance concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-frost-resistance concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112537931B CN112537931B CN202011532415.5A CN202011532415A CN112537931B CN 112537931 B CN112537931 B CN 112537931B CN 202011532415 A CN202011532415 A CN 202011532415A CN 112537931 B CN112537931 B CN 112537931B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/76—Use at unusual temperatures, e.g. sub-zero
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Abstract
The application relates to the field of concrete building materials, and particularly discloses high-frost-resistance concrete and a preparation method thereof. The high frost resistance concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 800 portions of gravel, 850 portions of fine sand, 250 portions of portland cement, 130 portions of water, 50-80 portions of silica gel powder, 10-15 portions of bentonite, 5-10 portions of polypropylene fiber, 5-8 portions of water reducing agent and 4-6 portions of anti-freezing agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps: s1, mixing main materials, S2, mixing auxiliary materials and S3, mixing additives. The high frost resistance concrete has the advantages of excellent frost resistance and good construction performance.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of concrete building materials, in particular to high-frost-resistance concrete and a preparation method thereof.
Background
China is wide in territory, and a large part of the territory is in a severe cold area, so that freeze thawing damage of a plurality of hydraulic buildings is caused. Particularly in northeast severe cold areas, most of the constructed hydraulic commercial concrete buildings suffer from freeze-thaw damage to different degrees locally or in large areas. Therefore, the freeze-thaw damage of commercial concrete is one of the main problems of the aging diseases of buildings in China, and the long-term use and safe operation of the buildings are seriously influenced.
The main factors affecting the frost resistance of concrete materials are the pore structure and the water content in the concrete. When the water content in the concrete material reaches a certain ratio, the water in the concrete is frozen under the condition of low temperature, the volume of the frozen concrete is increased, so that the pavement or the surface of a building is peeled off, and after the concrete is peeled off to a certain degree, the fillers such as stones and aggregates in the inner layer can be seen seriously. In addition, when the temperature difference between day and night is large, the frozen water is volatilized at high temperature in the day, and more gaps are formed in the concrete, thus greatly affecting the structure and durability of the concrete.
In order to improve the frost resistance of concrete materials, most of the concrete at present is added with a high-efficiency water reducing agent to reduce the water-cement ratio, so that the water content is reduced. However, the dosage of the water reducing agent is not suitable to be too much, otherwise, the slump loss of the concrete is increased due to the excessive water reducing agent, and the construction performance of the concrete is reduced. Therefore, the inventors considered that it is important to develop a concrete having high freezing resistance, which has both excellent freezing resistance and workability.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the frost resistance and the construction performance of concrete, the application provides the concrete with high frost resistance and the preparation method thereof.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a high frost resistance concrete, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the concrete with high frost resistance comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 800 portions of gravel, 850 portions of fine sand, 250 portions of portland cement, 130 portions of water, 50-80 portions of silica gel powder, 10-15 portions of bentonite, 5-10 portions of polypropylene fiber, 5-8 portions of water reducing agent and 4-6 portions of anti-freezing agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the silica gel powder and the bentonite are added in the concrete formula, and the silica gel powder and the bentonite have good adsorbability and water retention property, so that the free water content in the concrete mixture can be effectively reduced, the water cement ratio is reduced, and researches show that the concrete with the water cement ratio less than 0.30 has very high frost resistance, thereby effectively improving the frost resistance of the concrete.
Moreover, due to the adsorbability and the water retention of the silica gel powder and the bentonite, the using amount of the water reducing agent can be reduced, so that the concrete has good construction performance. In addition, an antifreeze agent is added in the concrete formula, so that the freezing point of water in the concrete is directly reduced, and the frost resistance of the concrete is further improved.
Preferably, the raw materials of the high frost resistance concrete comprise the following components in parts by weight: 850-950 parts of gravel, 800 parts of fine sand, 260-280 parts of portland cement, 120 parts of water, 60-70 parts of silica gel powder, 13-15 parts of bentonite, 5-8 parts of polypropylene fiber, 5-8 parts of a water reducing agent and 4-6 parts of an anti-freezing agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, experimental data show that the antifreezing performance and the construction performance of the concrete are more excellent when the raw material components of the concrete are in the proportion.
Preferably, the antifreeze agent comprises at least one of methanol, ethanol and ethylene glycol.
By adopting the technical scheme, the freezing point of water can be effectively reduced by the methanol, the ethanol and the glycol, so that the frost resistance of the concrete is improved, the three substances are cheap and easy to obtain, the chemical property is stable, and the frost resistance of the concrete can be efficiently and stably improved.
Preferably, the raw materials also comprise 5-7 parts of air entraining agent.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, air entraining agent can make the interior bubble of concrete littleer and more even to improve concrete inner structure in order to improve the freeze resistance and other mechanical properties of concrete.
Preferably, the air entraining agent comprises a mixture of 2: 1:1 of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol-polyethylene sodium sulfonate and fatty alcohol sodium sulfate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, the fatty alcohol-sodium polyvinyl sulfonate and the fatty alcohol sodium sulfate belong to fatty alcohol and salt air entraining agents thereof, have excellent performances of good bubble structure, small bubble radius, high frost resistance index, good water solubility and the like, and can effectively improve the concrete structure and enhance the frost resistance and other mechanical properties of the concrete.
Preferably, the particle size of the silica gel powder is 40-75 μm, and the specific surface area is 600-800m2The pore diameter is 20-30A degrees.
By adopting the technical scheme, the particle size is 40-75 mu m, and the specific surface area is 600-800m2The silica gel powder with the pore diameter of 20-30A degrees has higher adsorption performance and activity and smaller granularity, is easier to fill structural defects in concrete, and has more obvious improvement on the frost resistance and the mechanical property of the concrete.
Preferably, the water reducing agent comprises aminobenzenesulfonic acid, phenol and formaldehyde in a mass ratio of 3:2: 1.
By adopting the technical scheme, the aminobenzenesulfonic acid, the phenol and the formaldehyde have good hydrophilicity, can be fully mixed with other mixing materials in concrete and uniformly dispersed, and better play a role in reducing water.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a concrete with high frost resistance, which adopts the following technical scheme: a preparation method of concrete with high frost resistance comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing main materials: mixing and stirring the fine sand and the silicate cement uniformly, adding the broken stone and stirring uniformly to obtain a premixed main material;
s2, mixing auxiliary materials: mixing silica gel powder and bentonite, stirring uniformly, adding polypropylene fiber and 40% of water, and stirring uniformly to obtain a slurry auxiliary material;
s3, mixing of additives: and adding the slurry auxiliary material obtained in the step S2 into the premixed main material obtained in the step S1, adding the slurry auxiliary material while stirring, adding the rest 60% of water, stirring and dispersing uniformly, adding the water reducing agent and the antifreeze agent, and stirring uniformly to obtain the blended concrete.
By adopting the technical scheme, in the step S1, the fine sand, the portland cement and the broken stone as the main materials in the concrete are mixed and uniformly stirred, and the formed mixed main materials are uniform in texture and stable in performance; in the step S2, mixing the silica gel powder, bentonite, polypropylene fiber and other auxiliary materials, and adding part of the water to form a slurry, so that the silica gel powder and bentonite with adsorbability can fully absorb the water, and the polypropylene fiber can be fully adsorbed on the silica gel powder and bentonite, thereby facilitating the dispersion along with the silica gel powder and bentonite; in the step S3, when the slurry auxiliary material is added into the premixed main material, the slurry auxiliary material is added while the residual 60% of water is added, so that the premixed main material can be fully wetted and fully dispersed with the slurry auxiliary material, the phenomena of powder agglomeration and blocking in the material mixing process are reduced, the internal structure defect of the mixed concrete is better improved, and the physical property of the mixed concrete is improved.
Preferably, in the step S3, the water reducer and the antifreeze agent are mixed and dispersed uniformly in advance, and then added to the mixture of the premixed main material and the slurry auxiliary material together.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, water-reducing agent and antifreeze are mixed dispersion in advance even, can make water-reducing agent and antifreeze disperse in other mixtures of concrete in step, and the water reduction is in coordination better with the freeze proof effect.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. because this application adopts silica gel powder, bentonite, because silica gel powder and bentonite have good adsorptivity and water retentivity, can effectively reduce the free water content in the concrete mix, reduce the water cement ratio, research shows that, the concrete that water cement ratio is less than 0.30 has very high frost resistance to effectively improve the frost resistance of concrete.
2. Adopt silica gel powder, bentonite in this application, can reduce the quantity of water-reducing agent to the guarantee concrete has good workability, in addition, still add the antifreeze in the concrete formula, directly reduce the freezing point of water in the concrete, cooperate the air entraining agent to make the interior bubble of concrete littleer and more even, further improve the frost resisting property of concrete.
3. According to the method, main materials (fine sand, portland cement and macadam) and auxiliary materials (silica gel powder, bentonite and polypropylene fiber) are separately mixed and stirred, so that the mixed main materials are uniform in texture and stable in performance, the silica gel powder and the bentonite in the auxiliary materials fully absorb moisture, and the polypropylene fiber is fully adsorbed on the silica gel powder and the bentonite; and finally, when the slurry auxiliary material is added into the premixed main material, the slurry auxiliary material is added while the residual 60% of water is added, so that the premixed main material can be fully wetted and fully dispersed with the slurry auxiliary material, the phenomena of powder agglomeration and blocking in the material mixing process are reduced, the internal structure defect of the mixed concrete is better improved, and the physical property of the mixed concrete is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated in detail by the following examples, which are intended to illustrate: the following examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer, and all the starting materials in the following examples were obtained from the ordinary commercial sources except for the specific conditions.
Examples
Example 1
The raw material components and the using amount of the concrete with high freezing resistance are shown in the table 1.
Table 1 examples 1-6 raw material composition usage table
Wherein the antifreeze agent is calcium chloride.
The particle size of the silica gel powder is 150-250 mu m, and the specific surface area is 300-400m2The pore diameter is 80-100A degrees.
The water reducing agent is sodium lignosulphonate.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the frost-resistant concrete, which comprises the following steps: s1, mixing main materials: mixing and stirring the fine sand and the silicate cement uniformly, adding the broken stone and stirring uniformly to obtain a premixed main material; s2, mixing auxiliary materials: mixing silica gel powder and bentonite, stirring uniformly, adding polypropylene fiber and 40% of water, and stirring uniformly to obtain a slurry auxiliary material;
s3, mixing of additives: and adding the slurry auxiliary material obtained in the step S2 into the premixed main material obtained in the step S1, adding the slurry auxiliary material while stirring, adding the rest 60% of water, stirring and dispersing uniformly, adding the water reducing agent and the antifreeze agent, and stirring uniformly to obtain the blended concrete.
Example 2
The raw material components and the using amount of the concrete with high freezing resistance are shown in the table 1.
Wherein the antifreeze agent is calcium chloride.
The particle size of the silica gel powder is 150-250 mu m, and the specific surface area is 300-400m2The pore diameter is 80-100A degrees.
The water reducing agent is sodium lignosulphonate.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the frost-resistant concrete, which comprises the following steps: s1, mixing main materials: mixing and stirring the fine sand and the silicate cement uniformly, adding the broken stone and stirring uniformly to obtain a premixed main material; s2, mixing auxiliary materials: mixing silica gel powder and bentonite, stirring uniformly, adding polypropylene fiber and 40% of water, and stirring uniformly to obtain a slurry auxiliary material;
s3, mixing of additives: and adding the slurry auxiliary material obtained in the step S2 into the premixed main material obtained in the step S1, adding the slurry auxiliary material while stirring, adding the rest 60% of water, stirring and dispersing uniformly, adding the water reducing agent, the antifreeze agent and the air entraining agent, and stirring uniformly to obtain the blended concrete.
Example 3
The concrete with high frost resistance in this example is different from example 2 in that the raw material components and the amounts are shown in table 1.
Example 4
The concrete with high frost resistance in this example is different from example 2 in that the raw material components and the amounts are shown in table 1.
Example 5
The concrete with high frost resistance in this example is different from example 2 in that the raw material components and the amounts are shown in table 1.
Example 6
The concrete with high frost resistance in this example is different from example 2 in that the raw material components and the amounts are shown in table 1.
Example 7
A concrete with high frost resistance is different from the concrete in example 2 in that the concrete does not contain an air entraining agent.
Example 8
A concrete with high frost resistance is disclosed, which is different from example 4 in that the frost resistance agent is ethylene glycol.
Example 9
The concrete with high frost resistance is different from the concrete in example 4 in that the antifreeze is a mixture of methanol and ethanol which are compounded in a mass ratio of 1: 1.
Example 10
The concrete with high frost resistance is different from the concrete in example 4 in that the antifreeze is methanol, ethanol and glycol in a mass ratio of 1:1 compounded mixture.
Example 11
The concrete with high frost resistance is different from the concrete in the embodiment 8 in that the air entraining agent is prepared from fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol-polyethylene sodium sulfonate and fatty alcohol sodium sulfate in a mass ratio of 2: 1: 1.
Example 12
The concrete with high frost resistance in the embodiment is different from the concrete in the embodiment 11 in that the particle size of the silica gel powder is 40-75 μm, and the specific surface area is 600-800m2The pore diameter is 20-30A degrees.
Example 13
The concrete with high frost resistance is different from the concrete in the embodiment 12 in that the water reducing agent is prepared by compounding aminobenzenesulfonic acid, phenol and formaldehyde in a mass ratio of 3:2: 1.
Example 14
A method for preparing concrete with high frost resistance, which is different from example 13 in that in the step of S3, the slurry auxiliary material obtained in the step of S2 is added to the premixed main material obtained in the step of S1, and the slurry auxiliary material is added while stirring, and the rest 60% of water is added, stirred and dispersed uniformly; and mixing and uniformly stirring the water reducing agent and the antifreeze agent, then adding the mixture into the mixture of the premixed main material and the slurry auxiliary material together, and uniformly stirring to obtain the blended concrete.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
The comparative example differs from example 1 in that silica gel powder, bentonite, and the like were replaced with portland cement.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example differs from example 1 in that the water reducing agent was replaced by an antifreeze of equal quality.
Performance test
(1) The slump of the mixed concrete in examples 1 to 14 and comparative examples 1 to 2 was tested, and the test results are shown in Table 2;
(2) the concrete samples obtained in examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were subjected to a freeze resistance test in accordance with "Standard test methods for Long-term Performance and durability of ordinary concrete" GB/T50082-2009. In the anti-freezing test, the anti-freezing property of the concrete test piece is represented by measuring the freeze-thaw compressive strength of the concrete test piece after standard curing for 28d, and the compressive strength of the test piece before the freeze-thaw test after standard curing for 28d is recorded as the initial compressive strength. The test results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 table of performance test data
It can be seen from the combination of examples 1 to 6 and table 2 that the slump of the high freezing resistance concrete prepared in the examples of the present application is between 520 and 580mm, the initial compressive strength is above 22MPa, the freeze-thaw compressive strength is above 21MPa, and the strength loss rate after the freeze-thaw test is below 5%, which indicates that the high freezing resistance concrete prepared in the present application has a suitable slump, i.e., good construction performance, and simultaneously has better freezing resistance.
By combining the examples 7-14 and the table 2, the application can see that the antifreeze performance or the construction performance of the concrete can be improved to different degrees by introducing the air entraining agent, the anti-freezing agent, the air entraining agent, the silica gel powder and the water reducing agent. According to the concrete formula disclosed by the scheme, the silica gel powder and the bentonite play a key role in improving the frost resistance of the concrete and considering good construction performance, and the antifreeze agent is also a key factor influencing the frost resistance of the concrete.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The concrete with high frost resistance is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 800 portions of gravel, 850 portions of fine sand, 250 portions of portland cement, 130 portions of water, 50-80 portions of silica gel powder, 10-15 portions of bentonite, 5-10 portions of polypropylene fiber, 5-8 portions of water reducer and 4-6 portions of antifreeze;
the particle size of the silica gel powder is 40-75 mu m, and the specific surface area is 600-800m2The pore diameter is 20-30A degrees.
2. The concrete of claim 1, wherein: the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 850-950 parts of gravel, 800 parts of fine sand, 260-280 parts of portland cement, 120 parts of water, 60-70 parts of silica gel powder, 13-15 parts of bentonite, 5-8 parts of polypropylene fiber, 5-8 parts of a water reducing agent and 4-6 parts of an anti-freezing agent.
3. The concrete of claim 1, wherein: the antifreeze agent comprises at least one of methanol, ethanol and glycol.
4. The concrete of claim 2, wherein: the raw materials also comprise 5-7 parts of air entraining agent.
5. The concrete of claim 4, wherein: the air entraining agent comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 2: 1:1 of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol-polyethylene sodium sulfonate and fatty alcohol sodium sulfate.
6. The concrete of claim 1, wherein: the water reducing agent comprises aminobenzenesulfonic acid, phenol and formaldehyde in a mass ratio of 3:2: 1.
7. The method for preparing concrete having high frost resistance according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing main materials: mixing and stirring the fine sand and the silicate cement uniformly, adding the broken stone and stirring uniformly to obtain a premixed main material;
s2, mixing auxiliary materials: mixing silica gel powder and bentonite, stirring uniformly, adding polypropylene fiber and 40% of water, and stirring uniformly to obtain a slurry auxiliary material;
s3, mixing of additives: and adding the slurry auxiliary material obtained in the step S2 into the premixed main material obtained in the step S1, adding the slurry auxiliary material while stirring, adding the rest 60% of water, stirring and dispersing uniformly, adding the water reducing agent and the antifreeze agent, and stirring uniformly to obtain the blended concrete.
8. The method for preparing concrete with high frost resistance according to claim 7, wherein: and S3, pre-mixing and uniformly dispersing the water reducer and the antifreeze agent, and then adding the mixture into the mixture of the premixed main material and the slurry auxiliary material.
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| CN111153656B (en) * | 2020-01-18 | 2022-02-08 | 杭州申华混凝土有限公司 | Green slow-setting concrete and production method thereof |
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