CN1125371A - Data communications system with multilining protocol - Google Patents
Data communications system with multilining protocol Download PDFInfo
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- CN1125371A CN1125371A CN 94119213 CN94119213A CN1125371A CN 1125371 A CN1125371 A CN 1125371A CN 94119213 CN94119213 CN 94119213 CN 94119213 A CN94119213 A CN 94119213A CN 1125371 A CN1125371 A CN 1125371A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a data communication system containing first, second and third remote communication units and using a common channel to make communication. In first unit, an information to be transfered to second unit is produced. Said first unit must wait for the channel to be idle. Before the channel is changed to idleness, if a new information with acknowledgement requirement is obtained from third unit, the new information can be received, and a signal receiving acknowledgement is returned, then the prepared first information can be continuously transfered to second unit, so that said system can further prepare several informations for different units.
Description
The present invention relates to data communication system and method for operation thereof, this system has many communication units, in order to transmit communication data on a common communication channel.The invention still further relates to different communication medium, comprise the modulator-demodulator of radio-frequency channel, coaxial cable and multiple spot (multidrop).
Participate in unit at all and share in the data communication system of MAC multiple access channels,, dream up a kind of referee method usually in order to prevent at one time to bump attempting to use between all multiple units of this channel.Such as carrier sense multiple access visit (CSMA), time slot formula CSMA, have the CSMA of collision detection (to narrate several method in CSMA-CD), the Digital Detecting multiple access documents such as (DSMA).
In these methods,, just must carry out certain check earlier if a unit is wanted to transmit.For example, under the situation of simple CSMA, whether arbitrary unit came supervisory channel idle by detected carrier earlier before transmitting.If transmission will be with the current channel that is just taking, then transmission is restrained to live in this unit.In case detect channel idle, this unit could transmit its packet.
OSI (open system interconnection) traffic model is that can on same physical medium packet to be delivered to unit B from unit A reliably be prerequisite to the response with link layer.This error detection code (for example CRC (CRC)) of normally calculating according to this packet in the affix of the end of clear data information realizes.Receiving element calculates CRC again according to the clear data that is received.If it conforms to original CRC in this packet, then receiving element shows that the packet of this reception is correct, and its is transmitted normally network layer of new above-mentioned layer.Meanwhile, receiving element is responsible for sending a positive acknowledgement bag (ACK) to the unit that starts, and correctly receives this bag to show.Yet if the CRC and the original C RC that calculate are not inconsistent, receiving element sends a Negative Acknowledgement bag (NAK) to the unit that starts.This unit that starts will utilize same mechanism to send this packet again, when it receives a sure ACK till.Sometimes, it does not send NAK, and the unit that starts in the case tries to give this packet after definiting time-lag through one again.
Under the situation of not using NAK, receiving element sends its ACK as soon as possible so that unlikely the expiring prematurely of above-mentioned timing and unnecessarily carry out examination once more and send, and this is very important.
In view of this, consider that above-mentioned situation done modification to the CSMA scheme.Want the unit that transmits till detecting to wait for up to channel idle when channel " hurries " time for one.In case detect channel idle, this channel does not transmit immediately, but waits for a period of time, and normally one section period tool at random is evenly distributed between certain lower bound T1 and certain high limit T2, reexamines this channel free time whether.If at this moment channel idle then transmits data.This is called the channel access process.This random wait time needs for reducing the collision possibility.Channel Detection is " doing " and do not take to wait at random the machine measure if more than one unit will transmit data, and then the transmission of these unit may bump.
Receive packet and need that unit of transmission ACK after detecting channel idle, should send ACK immediately.Originally being restrained the unit that transmits during because of channel idle has data to send, and this just guarantees the unlikely upset that is subjected to other unit of transmission of ACK.
It is a problem that each access channel will spend certain hour, and this depends on such as factors such as channel resolution time (comprising the carrier wave detection resolution time), propagation delay and stand-by period.These factors mean that when a large amount of short messages and short ACK, the overall utilance of channel is low.
The improved method of operation that for this reason, need have a kind of communication system of improved multilink layer protocol now.
According to the present invention, a kind of method of operation of data communication system is provided, this system comprises first, second and the 3rd radio unit far away, through a common radio channel communication.This method may further comprise the steps: produce first message that will send to Unit second after first module, and it is available to wait for that channel becomes, to transmit first message independently; Can be if become in order to receive a new information before transmitting independently from Unit the 3rd of an ACK of request at channel, then receive this new information from Unit the 3rd, send an ACK who receives this message, and be in the state that sends continuously basically, first message is sent to Unit second; On the other hand, if channel becomes and can then send message to Unit second in order to send independently before the new information that receives any request ACK.
In this manner, first message (irrelevant with the message that receives from Unit the 3rd) can be transmitted on opportunity easily the earliest, and channel become be available as first module independently before the message transfer under the occasion of request the 3rd unit ACK, it with to the affirmation segmentation of Unit the 3rd (piggy-backed).
According to another aspect of the present invention, provide the method for operation of a kind of data communication system (for example data radio communications system), this communication system includes a plurality of communication units, in order to communicate through a common communication channel (for example radio channel), this method may further comprise the steps: send a message from first module, it contains the address and the priority argument of unit, destination; Receive this message in the unit, destination, to ACK of first module transmission, transmit a selected message number to other unit of a selected number number after this affirmation order, this other unit number is selected according to priority argument here.
This method is useful especially under the situation of higher-priority unit wait short period waiting for the long period before the low priority unit access channel, because of " knowing " that it is the highest priority unit of visiting in the competition when its access channel in a unit, so can utilize the status of its highest priority unit to send selected message number number, to begin further communication to other unit of selected number number.
After channel becomes the free time before transmission, depend under the situation of the priority argument that receives in message and its stand-by period that a unit reception has priority argument, the long period is preferably waited in this unit when receiving low priority parameter, and when receiving the high priority parameter, wait for the short period, the preferred characteristics that is provided is to send to other unit than the large size number when receiving low priority parameter, and sends to other unit of more small size number when receiving high priority parameter.
In this manner, can utilize the unit of higher-priority on the channel not have the different brackets problem, these grades can temporarily be used for or other unit of selecting number number is given in assignment, and other unit is some more more more for a long time when applicable grade, and applicable grade other unit more after a little while is few more.Especially, that unit that sends to other unit of this selected number number preferably transmits different priority argument in those other unit each.Each priority argument that is transmitted is preferably represented such priority, and it is not less than the priority of the priority argument of previous reception.
Others of the present invention are limited in claims.
Now, be described with reference to the following drawings a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this is just with exemplary explanation.
Fig. 1 illustrates the typical multiple access system of a generality.
Fig. 2 illustrates the details of a unit among the communication unit shown in Figure 1 according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 illustrates the timing diagram of some unit operations among Fig. 1 according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 illustrates second timing diagram that some unit operations among Fig. 1 send a plurality of unit to.
Fig. 5 is another timing diagram that complicated order of each unit operations among Fig. 1 is shown.
With reference to figure 1, this illustrates the communication system of a generality.In this system, for example, same radio frequency medium are shared in all unit, and all transmissions and reception are all carried out on same frequency f 1.Arbitrary transmitting element can both be listened in all unit, and judges that this channel just is used (channel " does ") and still is not used (channel " free time ").
Though this example is meant radio frequency medium, it also can be applied to any multiple access system, such as multiple spot modulator-demodulator under coaxial cable, the RS-485 etc.
This system comprises unit 10,11,12,13,14, to they can be called " unit A ..., unit E ".
Fig. 2 illustrates the details of a unit among all unit among Fig. 1.This unit comprises: a receiver, this receiver comprise that a reception amplifier 20 and an intermediate frequency amplify (IF) level and demodulator 21; A transmitter, it comprises a modulating stage 22 and a power amplifier (PA) 23.Receiver amplifier 20 all is connected with antenna 24 with transmitter amplifier 23.Receiver amplifier 20 has a received signal intensity indication 25, and it is coupled to Channel Detection circuit 26.
Microprocessor 30 is provided with a memory 31.Microprocessor 30 has decoding function 32, message compiler function 33 and scheduler function 34.A data input unit 35 is connected with microprocessor 30.
In operating process, by antenna 24 received signals, amplify to amplifier 20, to circuit 21 down-conversions and demodulation, the decoding function piece 32 in microprocessor 30 provides the input data.Decoding function 32 is taken out address information from the signal that receives, judge whether this received signal points to described unit.Decoding function 32 is also taken out priority argument from the signal that receives.If the message that receives is used for described unit, then priority argument is deposited in the memory 37.
Receiver amplifier 20 provides a receiving signal intensity indication signal 25 to carrier detecting circuit 26, and the scheduler function 34 of testing circuit 26 in microprocessor 30 provides one to interrupt or other signal.When the input message of testing circuit 26 detection receptions begins and finishes, provide described interruption or other signal.
For message transfer, data enter through data input device 35, and message compiler 33 becomes a message with this data compilation, and compiled message deposits in the message memory 38 and prepares for transmission.Scheduler function 34 is determined the transmission time of institute's storing message in the message memory 38.Detect channel idle according to carrier detecting circuit 26, and according to priority parameter 37, be located in the scheduler program 34 timers detect wait period that channel idle follows in the past after, the message transfer of arranging the time.If timer expiry, then message compiler 33 transmits this message to modulator circuit 22, modulates there, by amplifier 23 amplifying signals, sends by antenna 24 again.
One receives that message compiler 33 just produces ACK by the message of decoding function 32 decodings.Scheduler program 34 according to the detection of 26 pairs of idle channels of testing circuit and according to receive and be stored in priority argument in the memory 37, determine the time of an ACK of transmission.
With reference to figure 3, this illustrates an example of operation.At moment t
0Unit A begins to transmit data to unit B, and this message is at moment t
1Finish.Unit B detects channel idle through its testing circuit 26, sends an ACK to unit A immediately.(among Fig. 3 ACK is shown immediately and sends, but some time-delay arranged in fact inevitably detecting idle channel and open in the process of transmitter.)
In the actual transmission continuously of unit A ACK process, unit B can send the new information with data to unit C, and this message is from moment t
2To moment t
3Send.At moment t
3, unit C sends an ACK to unit B.
In this zone shown in Fig. 3, not needing unit A, B, C to have different priority argument, also need not comprise any priority argument the message from unit A to unit B, also is like this message from unit B to unit C.
Suppose have a unit for example cells D when unit A is just transmitting, also want to transmit, cells D will be checked channel, a concurrent existing unit is in transmission.In case unit A finishes its transmission, cells D will wait for a period of time, and reexamine channel status.Follow the transmission of unit A closely, unit B will be its ACK contention channel, and send a packet to unit C during this same transmission.If cells D still will transmit, channel is " doing " for detecting.Unit B send its data to unit C after, unit C will send its ACK immediately.Can see, the scheme above using, transfer of data can with each ACK segmentation (piggy-backed) and collisionless.Under above-mentioned situation, if desired, unit C can send new data, the still anxiety of collisionless to another unit E.
In view of this scheme, can see that for example in the above example, unit A can not send data to more than one unit.If do like this, such as unit A will be to unit B and C transmission packet, then the ACK of unit B and C will bump, and transmit because their can be gone up at one time.Like this, if a unit must send packet to plurality of units, then it will carry out several secondary channels connections, if channel is just used heavyly, then may cause serious time-delay.
Can solve this rough sledding in the arrangement below figure 4 narrations.
One want to many to the unit that N different units transmits be ACK to each unit, destination tax with priority from 0 to N-1.Its priority of unit that receives a packet be changed to j (here, j 0 with N-1 between), it will wait for exactly that j period be called " time slot ", loopback immediately goes out its ack signal during the detection channel idle.For example, if unit B is assigned as priority 0, then it will send its ack signal immediately after the transmission that follows unit A closely.If unit C is assigned as priority 3, then it will wait for 3 idle time slots, transmit then.
Usually, a unit will transmit data to N unit, needs to invest priority 0 to them and gives Unit the 1st, and 1 gives Unit the 2nd ..., N-1 gives the N unit.N idle time slot of need wait that the unit will transmit when this process is just carried out, and then wait for one section extra random time.Illustrated as the front, the extra random time of this section is to make may hurrying of all single collisions reduce to minimum necessary, and those unit are in wait (pending) transmission when channel is in above-mentioned Data-ACK (data-affirmation) mode.Number N is a parameter, is necessary for all unit and sets in total system, and it is defined as the maximum number of unit that can addressing in transmission once.This parameter must allow all unit know, so that they know in their channel connection process to wait for what idle time slots.
Above-mentioned arrangement can provide the transfer of data from a terminal unit to a plurality of unit.To illustrate below data how can with the ACK segmentation from a plurality of unit.Following regular operation is pressed in each unit:
The unit of rule 1: " obtain a packet and be assigned with priority j " can be gives data and its ACK segmentation up to j+1 unit, and their priority o of assignment are to j, their ACK application of confession.
2: one of rules " beard and hair send not with an ACK segmentation to be transmitted packet " the unit supervisory channel in N empty slot, wait for one section extra random time, reexamine this channel.If channel idle, it can carry out its transmission.
The unit of rule 3: " obtaining several different priority from other unit " can select the priority of any assignment to transmit.
Enumerate the connotation that following example illustrates above-mentioned rule.
Example 1
Suppose that unit A transmits to unit B, the assignment unit B is a priority 0, and according to above-mentioned rule, unit B can segment data be given a unit.This is a kind of special circumstances of a link, is similar to that a kind of situation that shows among Fig. 3.
Example 2
This example is shown among Fig. 5.
Unit A sends data to unit B and C, and assigning priorities O gives unit C for unit B and priority 1.This means that unit B can send a unit to its ACK, and unit C can pass to two unit in this wise.Unit B sends to unit A with its ACK with priority O, sends the data to cells D, and gives cells D with priority preface O.So cells D is with priority O response ACK.Then, assignment detects the idle time slot of channel with the unit C of priority 1, transmits ACK to unit A, transmits data to unit E and A again, with priority O and 1 respectively assignment give they both.Unit E sends its ACK with priority O to unit C, sends data to unit B, and unit B assigning priorities O is used for its ACK.Unit B sends its ACK to unit A.Then, unit A waits for an idle time slot, sends its ACK.
Can see how the unit C that obtains priority 1 in receiving its first time to unit A utilizes its order of priority power to sending data than multiple unit, it does not need to connect process through channel.
Assert that above-mentioned regular a good reason is as follows.Suppose that the unit that priority is assigned as j will send its ACK, one occurs j idle time slot by the time, and this unit just knows, all that has in its priority assignment than the unit of lower number has all finished data processing aspect their ACK.Therefore, those priority until j can be reused in this unit.With regard to rule 2, it follows a kind of access process, new data not with the situation of each ACK segmentation under, wait by the time the whole ACK work in the system are all finished.It is essential that rule 3 just is only on integrality, and assignment has the unit of several priority to make one's options from these priority.
In this manner, provide a kind of system now, it provide a kind of between same transmission period to a plurality of unit transmission data and each ACK that guarantees to send out approach that can not collide from the unit that is addressed to.
In addition, this configuration provides a kind of data and ACK segmentation (approach of piggy-backing), this sort of unit for the ACK that is addressed is unwanted.All ACK transmission in can the assurance system of this segmented mode can not bump.
A major advantage is that time-delay is minimum in transmitting data.This can realize that its reason is: when transmitting an ACK in data etc. by the time under the situation of same unit or other unit, these data can not need enter channel consuming time and connect process and be transmitted.
Can modify described details, for example, although top rule 2 fix on approximately ACK period in the past after (the idle time slot of their RN) be one random wait period, also can adopt any channel access process of CSMA mode, such as simple CSMA and time slot formula CSMA etc.
Claims (10)
1. the method for operation of a data communication system, it includes first, second and the 3rd communication unit far away through a common communication channel arrangement communication, it is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
After first module, produce first message that will send, and wait for that channel changes to and can be used to transmit independently first message;
Receive a new information from the Unit the 3rd that requires an affirmation if change to before can be used to transmit independently at channel, then receive this new information from Unit the 3rd, transfer out an affirmation that receives this new information, and give Unit second with first transmission of messages with the state of transmission in fact continuously;
If channel changes to and can be used to transmit independently before receiving the new information of any confirmation request, then transfer out message to Unit second.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that communication channel is a radio communicating channel.
3. the method for operation of a data communication system, this communication system includes many communication units, arranges in order to communicate through a common communication channel, it is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
Transfer out a message that comprises element address, destination and priority argument from first module;
The place receives this message in the unit, destination, transmits an affirmation and gives first module, transmits a selected message and give other selected unit number number after this affirmation order, and this other unit number number is selected according to priority argument here.
4. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that:
After channel has changed at leisure before the transmission, its stand-by period of unit that reception has the message of priority argument is depended on the priority argument that receives, when receiving low priority parameter, wait for the long time, when receiving the high priority parameter, wait for the short time;
When receiving low priority parameter, be transferred to other unit, when receiving the high priority parameter, be transferred to other unit of more small size number than the large size number.
5. according to the method for claim 4, it is characterized in that, the unit that transmits to other unit of selected number number give those other unit each transfer out different priority argument, the priority argument of each transmission is represented such priority, and it is not less than the priority in the priority argument that had before received.
6. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that communication channel is a radio communicating channel.
7. one kind is containing the method that many communication unit arrangements are used in coming in order to the data communication system that communicates by a common communication channel, each communication unit receives the message that request is confirmed from other communication unit, in the message that request is confirmed, comprise a priority argument, after channel has changed at leisure before the transmission, its stand-by period of unit that reception has the message of priority argument is depended on the priority argument that receives, and wait for the long time when receiving low priority parameter, when receiving the high priority parameter, wait for the short time, it is characterized in that this method is drawn together following steps:
At a communication unit place is that idle channel is waited for one section by the priority argument official hour that receives; To confirmation signal of first module transmission, to confirm reception to the next message in this unit; In the continuous transmission of reality, transfer out a new information to Unit second.
8. according to the method for claim 7, it is characterized in that communication channel is a radio communicating channel.
9. a data communication system includes many communication units, arranges in order to communicate by a common communication channel, it is characterized in that each communication unit comprises:
A receiver, in order to receive message and affirmation from other unit, this receiver has a channel monitoring device;
A transmitter;
A message compiler, arrangement comes the message that has the communication unit address and the compiling of electing property of confirmation signal, this message and confirmation signal are promptly used for this unit, and arrange the message to first module to compile, and this message stores is got up to prepare to be used for transmission;
A transmitting and scheduling program, arrange according to the channel monitoring device to the transmitting and scheduling time on the channel, here, this transmitting and scheduling program is arranged the transmission time of dispatching confirmation signal concretely, to add their confirmation for the message that receives from Unit second, and this message is incoherent with the message that will be transferred to first module, and arranges the transmission time of dispatching the message of first module concretely, and this transmission is to follow closely after the affirmation signal to Unit second transmits.
10. according to the system of claim 9, it is characterized in that receiver is a radio receiver, transmitter is a radio transmitter, and communication channel is a radio communicating channel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94119213A CN1080055C (en) | 1994-12-23 | 1994-12-23 | Data communications system with multilining protocol |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94119213A CN1080055C (en) | 1994-12-23 | 1994-12-23 | Data communications system with multilining protocol |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1125371A true CN1125371A (en) | 1996-06-26 |
| CN1080055C CN1080055C (en) | 2002-02-27 |
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ID=5039152
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94119213A Expired - Fee Related CN1080055C (en) | 1994-12-23 | 1994-12-23 | Data communications system with multilining protocol |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1080055C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111526082A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-08-11 | 北京三快在线科技有限公司 | Message sending method, device, message processing equipment, server and storage medium |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9026347D0 (en) * | 1990-12-04 | 1991-01-23 | Racal Res Ltd | Improvements in or relating to data communications |
| US5237604A (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 1993-08-17 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Arrangement for serving a telephone office code from two switching systems |
-
1994
- 1994-12-23 CN CN94119213A patent/CN1080055C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111526082A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-08-11 | 北京三快在线科技有限公司 | Message sending method, device, message processing equipment, server and storage medium |
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| CN1080055C (en) | 2002-02-27 |
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