CN112536702A

CN112536702A - Superhard materials curved surface grinding and polishing processing device

Info

Publication number: CN112536702A
Application number: CN202011389593.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨涛; 刘敬坤; 刘梅
Original assignee: Sichuan Longtian Jinggong Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Sichuan Longtian Jinggong Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-02
Filing date: 2020-12-02
Publication date: 2021-03-23

Abstract

The invention discloses a superhard material curved surface grinding and polishing processing device, which solves the problem that a traditional grinding machine cannot better grind curved surface workpieces. The workpiece clamping device comprises a first feeding shaft, a second feeding shaft, a first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft, a third rotating shaft, a cutter and a workpiece clamping device, wherein the first feeding shaft is connected with the second rotating shaft in a sliding mode, the second rotating shaft is connected with the third rotating shaft, one end of the third rotating shaft is connected with the workpiece clamping device, the first feeding shaft is perpendicular to the axis of the second feeding shaft, the second feeding shaft is connected with the first rotating shaft in a sliding mode, and one end of the first rotating shaft is connected with the cutter. The invention has the advantages of capability of processing spherical or aspherical curved surfaces, capability of processing concave curved surfaces, high processing precision, good surface quality and the like.

Description

Superhard materials curved surface grinding and polishing processing device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a superhard material curved surface grinding and polishing device.

Background

A grinding machine is a machine tool that grinds the surface of a workpiece using a grinding tool. Most grinding machines perform grinding using a grinding wheel rotating at a high speed, and a few grinding machines perform grinding using oilstones, sanding belts and other grinders and free abrasives, such as honing machines, superfinishing machines, sanding belt grinders, grinding machines, polishing machines, and the like.

With the increase of the number of high-precision and high-hardness mechanical parts and the development of precision casting and precision forging processes, the performance, variety and yield of the grinding machine are continuously improved and increased; common grinding machines generally comprise a cylindrical grinding machine, an internal grinding machine, a surface grinding machine and the like, are used for grinding an outer circle, an inner circle, an inclined plane or a plane of a workpiece, and with the development of various industries, the requirement on the surface precision of a curved surface workpiece is higher and higher, and particularly, for materials with high hardness and high brittleness, such as superhard functional ceramics and superhard functional ceramics (such as magnesium aluminate spinel MgAl2O4 and the like), which have important scientific research values and urgent application requirements in the military and civil fields, the materials not only have high hardness, but also have good characteristics of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, high impact strength, high electrical insulation and the like, have good optical transmission performance in ultraviolet, visible light and infrared bands, are easy to prepare large-size high-strength optical transparent devices, and can be widely applied to transparent windows, inclined planes or precise temperature measuring devices in high-speed impact experiments, The wave-transparent fairing of a high-precision guided weapon, the transparent armor of an armed war chariot/warship, an explosion-proof window and a high-strength protective mask in civil security and protection facilities and the like have great potential or practical requirements in the fields of basic scientific research, military and civil.

However, the superhard functional ceramic is a typical hard and brittle material, the processing difficulty is high, the material removal efficiency is low, the service life of a processing tool is not long, the defects of microcracks, deterioration, damage and the like on the surface of a device are difficult to effectively inhibit, the yield and the service performance cannot be effectively guaranteed, the existing grinding machine tool is not enough to process curved surface workpieces meeting the requirements, and therefore the improvement on the grinding machine tool needs to be solved urgently.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the invention provides a grinding and polishing machine tool capable of processing curved-surface workpieces, and provides a superhard material curved-surface grinding and polishing processing device for solving the problems.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the superhard material curved surface grinding and polishing processing device comprises a driving mechanism, a transmission mechanism and a grinding mechanism, wherein the driving mechanism is matched with the transmission mechanism and then used for providing power for an execution shaft in the grinding mechanism; the first rotating shaft is perpendicular to the axis of the second feeding shaft and is movably connected with the second feeding shaft, the second feeding shaft is driven to enable the first rotating shaft to do reciprocating motion along the axial direction of the second feeding shaft, and one end of the first rotating shaft is connected with a cutter; the first feeding shaft is vertical to the axis of the second feeding shaft, the first feeding shaft is connected with a third rotating shaft through a second rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft is vertical to the axis of the first feeding shaft and is movably connected with the first feeding shaft, and the first feeding shaft is driven to enable the second rotating shaft to do reciprocating motion along the axial direction of the first feeding shaft; the third rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are crossed in axial line or in a different plane, and one end of the third rotating shaft is provided with a workpiece clamping device.

In the existing grinding machine, a special grinding machine designed for curved surface workpieces is not provided, the grinding of the curved surface workpieces is generally finished on a common grinding machine, and the curved surface workpieces are ground by matching feeding in two directions. However, in practice, this method has some effects, but it has been found that there are many disadvantages, such as (1) the free end of the machined curved surface is always sharp, (2) the curvature of the ground curved surface is not uniformly changed, i.e., the surface quality is not guaranteed, (3) when the grinding wheel "enters" the curved surface area of the workpiece, the grinding wheel always contacts the curved surface with a sharp edge, and if the feeding amount is careless, the workpiece is easily damaged, especially at the position near the free end of the machined workpiece.

The grinding and polishing device provided by the invention realizes the offset of the tool in the axial direction of the second feeding shaft by driving the second feeding shaft to rotate, thereby realizing the change of the position of the tool relative to a workpiece, and simultaneously drives the first revolving shaft to rotate the tool at a high speed, thereby realizing grinding and polishing; during machining, the various axes of execution may be such that: after the cutter enters a high-speed rotation state and the workpiece enters a low-speed rotation state, the first feeding shaft is driven to feed the workpiece to be machined, the workpiece to be machined is in contact with the cutter, the third rotating shaft is driven to rotate the workpiece to be machined around the third rotating shaft, the feeding amount of the first feeding shaft is increased or reduced, the second feeding shaft is driven to contact the cutter with a point to be machined, and the whole surface to be machined can be ground.

The invention is suitable for being combined with a numerical control device to be used as a numerical control grinding machine, can realize that a workpiece to be machined is always in point-surface contact or surface-surface contact with a cutter through the matching of the second rotating shaft and the second feeding shaft, and is not easy to damage the workpiece to be machined in the machining process; through multi-axis linkage cooperation, tool changing operation can be omitted, uniform transition of curved surfaces with different curvatures is realized, and the surface quality of a workpiece to be processed is improved.

Preferably, the workpiece clamping device is a vacuum suction system and further comprises a cooling liquid system, and the cooling liquid system is used for cooling the cutter; the vacuum suction system is adopted, so that the workpiece can be clamped or taken down more conveniently, the processing efficiency is improved, the application scene of batch processing is particularly reflected, moreover, for the internal hollow member, the traditional clamping structure is easy to damage the workpiece, and the vacuum suction system is used for realizing the clamping of the hollow member and has stable clamping.

Preferably, the workpiece clamping device is connected to one end of the first rotating shaft, and the cutter is connected to one end of the third rotating shaft; the positions of the workpiece and the tool are changed, so that the device is suitable for a vertical machine tool, except that the first rotating shaft rotates at a low speed, the third rotating shaft rotates at a high speed, and the main feeding object is the tool.

Preferably, the cutter comprises a polishing wheel and a transmission deviator, the polishing wheel is connected with a third rotating shaft through the transmission deviator, the axis of the third rotating shaft is vertical to the axis of the polishing wheel, and the third rotating shaft drives the polishing wheel to rotate through the transmission deviator; the arrangement of the transmission deviator enables the polishing wheel or the grinding wheel to process the concave curved surface.

Furthermore, the transmission deviator comprises a shell, an input shaft, an intermediate shaft and an output shaft, wherein the axis of the input shaft is respectively perpendicular to the axis of the intermediate shaft and the axis of the output shaft, the transmission deviator is coaxially connected with a third revolving shaft through the input shaft, the input shaft is connected with the intermediate shaft through a first transmission mechanism, the input shaft drives the intermediate shaft to rotate through the first transmission mechanism, the intermediate shaft is connected with the output shaft through a second transmission mechanism, the intermediate shaft drives the output shaft to rotate through a second transmission mechanism, the output shaft is connected with a polishing wheel shaft hole in a matched mode, the input shaft, the intermediate shaft and the output shaft are located in the shell and rotatably connected with the shell, and a groove matched with the polishing wheel is formed in.

Furthermore, the first transmission mechanism comprises a first bevel gear and a second bevel gear, the first bevel gear is coaxially connected to the input shaft, the second bevel gear is coaxially connected to the intermediate shaft, and the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear are directly meshed or indirectly meshed through intermediate transmission; the indirect meshing through the intermediate transmission means that a plurality of gears can be meshed between the two bevel gears to facilitate speed regulation or improve speed regulation precision, and the first bevel gear transmits power to the second bevel gear through the intermediate transmission.

Furthermore, the second transmission mechanism comprises a steel belt transmission wheel and a transmission steel belt, the two steel belt transmission wheels are respectively and coaxially connected with the intermediate shaft and the output shaft, and the two steel belt transmission wheels are connected through the transmission steel belt.

Furthermore, one end of the intermediate shaft corresponding to the steel belt driving wheel and one end of the output shaft corresponding to the steel belt driving wheel are respectively and coaxially connected with an idler wheel, and the two idler wheels are connected through a transmission steel belt; the idler and the drive steel belt do not transmit power at this point, but are used for balancing the load on the output shaft and the intermediate shaft and simultaneously performing guiding.

Still further, the output shaft comprises a core shaft and an outer shaft, the outer shaft mainly comprises two short shafts, the two short shafts are respectively positioned at two sides of the polishing wheel, a through hole matched with the core shaft is formed in the axis of the outer shaft, a through hole matched with the core shaft is formed in the axis of the polishing wheel, the steel belt driving wheel is coaxially connected with the outer shaft or the steel belt driving wheel and the idler wheel are coaxially connected with the two short shafts respectively, the core shaft is a non-circular cylinder, and the core shaft sequentially penetrates through the short shafts of the outer shaft, the polishing wheel and the outer shaft and is detachably connected with the shell; the setting of dabber shape for outer axle drives the dabber simultaneously rotatory under the drive of steel band drive belt, and the dabber drives again and throws aureola rotation, thereby realizes the grinding, and in this scheme, the dabber can be dismantled with the shell and be connected, and when the dabber was taken out, throws aureola and can replace for multiple size according to the needs of actual processing, has avoided the dismouting of whole cutter with first gyration axle.

Preferably, the device also comprises a contact pressure sensor, wherein the contact pressure sensor is used for detecting the direct contact pressure of the cutter and the workpiece to be processed in real time; by arranging the pressure self-adaptive algorithm in the numerical control device, the execution shaft can be accurately controlled by matching with the contact type pressure sensor, so that the stability of the contact pressure between the cutter and the workpiece to be processed is ensured, and the processing quality of the curved surface is ensured.

The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

1. according to the invention, the curved surface grinding of the surface of the high-hardness and high-brittleness material is realized through the design of the execution shafts in the grinding mechanism, and the rotation speeds of the execution shafts are mutually matched through manually or automatically driving the execution shafts to be linked, so that the spherical or non-spherical curved surface grinding of the high-hardness and high-brittleness material is realized.

2. According to the invention, multi-axis linkage is realized by designing the plurality of execution shafts, so that when the non-spherical curved surface is machined, smooth transition of curvature in the non-spherical curved surface is realized by selectively improving the precision of machine tool components and reasonably matching the execution shafts, and compared with the traditional machining, the surface machining quality of the curved surface is improved, tool changing is not needed, and the machining efficiency is improved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the top view structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic front view of the structural principle of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a cutter according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the invention suitable for a horizontal machine tool.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the invention suitable for a vertical machine tool.

Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:

1-a first rotating shaft, 2-a second feeding shaft, 3-a first feeding shaft, 4-a second rotating shaft, 5-a third rotating shaft, 6-a workpiece clamping device, 7-a cutter, 8-a workpiece to be processed, 9-an input shaft, 10-a first transmission mechanism, 11-an intermediate shaft, 12-a steel belt transmission wheel, 13-a transmission steel belt, 14-an outer shaft, 15-a mandrel, 16-a polishing wheel, 17-an idler wheel, 18-a shell, 19-a connecting disc and 20-a guide rail dustproof cover.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the superhard material curved surface grinding and polishing processing device comprises a first feeding shaft 3, a second feeding shaft 2, a first revolving shaft 1, a second revolving shaft 4, a third revolving shaft 5, a cutter 7, a workpiece clamping device 6 and a connecting disc 19; wherein, one end of the first rotating shaft 1 is coaxially connected with a cutter 7, the cutter 7 is a grinding wheel, the first rotating shaft 1 is connected with the second feeding shaft 2 in a sliding way, and the first rotating shaft 1 is driven to reciprocate along the axial direction of the second feeding shaft 2 by driving the second feeding shaft 2; the first feeding shaft 3 and the second feeding shaft 2 are arranged in an axial direction, the first feeding shaft 3 is connected with the second rotating shaft 4 in a sliding mode, and the second rotating shaft 4 is driven to reciprocate along the axial direction of the first feeding shaft 3 by driving the first feeding shaft 3; the third rotating shaft 5 is vertical to the axis of the second rotating shaft 4 and is connected with the second rotating shaft through a connecting disc 19, the connecting disc 19 is disc-shaped, and the connecting disc 19 and the second rotating shaft 4 are coaxial; one end of the third rotating shaft 5 is connected with a workpiece clamping device 6, the workpiece clamping device 6 is used for clamping a workpiece 8 to be processed, and guide rail dust covers 20 are sleeved outside the first feeding shaft 3 and the second feeding shaft 2.

The working principle is as follows: the device is generally matched with a numerical control device to carry out grinding operation together, after a workpiece 8 to be processed is clamped, the first rotary shaft 1 is driven to rotate at a high speed, the second rotary shaft 4 and the third rotary shaft 5 are driven to rotate at a low speed, the first feeding shaft 3 and the second feeding shaft 2 are driven to carry out tool setting manually or automatically by a system, and after the tool setting is finished, the numerical control device adjusts the feeding amount or the rotating speed or the rotating angle of each executing shaft in real time according to an internal numerical control program, so that the surface to be processed on the workpiece 8 to be processed is fully ground.

Example 2

In addition to example 1, the work holding device 6 was provided as a vacuum chuck system, and a coolant device was provided near the tool 7.

The vacuum suction system is convenient for dismounting and clamping the workpiece 8 to be processed, and the cooling liquid device is used for cooling the cutter 7 and the contact point of the cutter 7.

Example 3

In addition to embodiment 1, the work holding device 6 is connected to one end of the first rotating shaft 1, and the tool 7 is connected to one end of the third rotating shaft 5.

The scheme is suitable for a vertical machine tool, and at the moment, the first rotating shaft 1 is driven at a low speed when in work, and the third rotating shaft 5 is driven at a high speed when in work.

Example 4

In addition to example 3, the tool 7 was an ultra-hemispherical grinding wheel.

On the basis of the vertical machine tool, the cutter 7 is set as an ultra-hemispherical grinding wheel, and is suitable for processing the concave curved surface of the workpiece 8 to be processed.

Example 5

On the basis of embodiment 1 or embodiment 3, the tool 7 comprises a polishing wheel 16 and a transmission deviator, wherein the transmission deviator comprises an input shaft 9, an intermediate shaft 11, an output shaft and a housing 18, and the output shaft comprises a core shaft 15 and an outer shaft 14; the transmission deviator is coaxially connected with the third rotating shaft 5 or the first rotating shaft 1 through an input shaft 9 and is connected with a polishing wheel 16 through an output shaft, the input shaft 9, an intermediate shaft 11 and the output shaft are all positioned in a shell 18 and are respectively and rotatably connected with the shell 18, the input shaft 9 is connected with the intermediate shaft 11 through a first transmission mechanism 10, the first transmission mechanism 10 is formed by meshing two bevel gears, one bevel gear is coaxially connected with the input shaft 9, the other bevel gear is coaxially connected with the intermediate shaft 11 through a radial bearing, the intermediate shaft 11 is connected with the output shaft through a second transmission mechanism, the second transmission mechanism consists of two steel belt transmission wheels 12 and a transmission steel belt 13, one steel belt transmission wheel 12 is matched with the shaft hole of the intermediate shaft 11 and rotates along with the bevel gear, the other steel belt transmission wheel 12 is matched with the shaft hole of an outer shaft 14 of the output shaft, the outer shaft 14 of the output shaft is divided into two short shafts, the two short shafts are respectively positioned at two sides of the polishing wheel 16, the two short shafts and the polishing wheel 16 are coaxially provided with through holes matched with the core shaft 15, the core shaft 15 is a non-circular cylinder, the core shaft 15 sequentially penetrates through the short shafts, the polishing wheel 16 and the short shafts and is detachably connected with the outer shell, the outer shell is provided with a groove matched with the polishing wheel 16, one end of the short shaft corresponding to the steel strip driving wheel 12 and one end of the middle shaft 11 corresponding to the steel strip driving wheel 12 are respectively provided with two idle wheels 17, and the two idle wheels 17 are connected through a driving.

The cutter 7 in this scheme has realized that the grinding miller also can process the purpose of indent curved surface, and the dabber 15 has realized the change of grinding miller with the removable connection of shell, compares in the dismouting of whole cutter 7, has practiced thrift the tool changing time, has also reduced the dismouting of cutter 7 on third revolving axle 5 or first revolving axle 1 simultaneously, reduces the equipment maintenance.

Example 6

On the basis of any one of embodiments 1 to 6, a contact pressure sensor is further provided, and the contact pressure sensor is used for detecting the direct contact pressure of the cutter 7 and the workpiece 8 to be processed in real time.

By the cooperation of the contact pressure sensor and the pressure self-adaptive algorithm, the processing precision is ensured, and the processing quality of the surface of the workpiece 8 to be processed is improved.

The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The superhard material curved surface grinding and polishing device comprises a driving mechanism, a transmission mechanism and a grinding mechanism, wherein the driving mechanism is matched with the transmission mechanism and then used for providing power for an execution shaft in the grinding mechanism, and the grinding mechanism is characterized by comprising a first rotating shaft (1), a second rotating shaft (4), a third rotating shaft (5), a first feeding shaft (3) and a second feeding shaft (2);

the first rotating shaft (1) is vertical to the axis of the second feeding shaft (2) and is movably connected with the second feeding shaft (2), the second feeding shaft (2) is driven to enable the first rotating shaft (1) to do reciprocating motion along the axial direction of the second feeding shaft (2), and one end of the first rotating shaft (1) is connected with a cutter (7);

the first feeding shaft (3) is vertical to the axis of the second feeding shaft (2), the first feeding shaft (3) is connected with a third rotating shaft (5) through a second rotating shaft (4), the second rotating shaft (4) is vertical to the axis of the first feeding shaft (3) and is movably connected with the first feeding shaft, and the first feeding shaft (3) is driven to enable the second rotating shaft (4) to do reciprocating motion along the axial direction of the first feeding shaft (3);

the third rotating shaft (5) is intersected with the axis of the second rotating shaft (4) or is intersected with the opposite surface of the second rotating shaft, and one end of the third rotating shaft (5) is provided with a workpiece clamping device (6).

2. A superhard material curved surface grinding and polishing machining device according to claim 1, wherein the workpiece clamping device (6) is a vacuum suction system, further comprising a cooling fluid system for cooling the tool (7).

3. A superhard material curved surface grinding and polishing machining device according to claim 1, wherein the workpiece clamping device (6) is connected to one end of the first rotating shaft (1), and the cutter (7) is connected to one end of the third rotating shaft (5).

4. A superhard material curved surface grinding and polishing processing device according to claim 1 or claim 3, wherein the cutter (7) comprises a polishing wheel (16) and a transmission deviator, the polishing wheel (16) is connected with the third rotating shaft (5) or the first rotating shaft (1) through the transmission deviator, the axis of the third rotating shaft (5) is vertical to the axis of the polishing wheel (16), and the polishing wheel (16) is driven to rotate by the third rotating shaft (5) through the transmission deviator.

5. The superhard material curved surface grinding and polishing machining device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the transmission direction changing device comprises a shell (18), an input shaft (9), an intermediate shaft (11) and an output shaft;

the axis of the input shaft (9) is respectively vertical to the axis of the intermediate shaft (11) and the axis of the output shaft;

the transmission direction changing device is coaxially connected with the third rotating shaft (5) through an input shaft (9);

the input shaft (9) is connected with the intermediate shaft (11) through the first transmission mechanism (10), and the input shaft (9) drives the intermediate shaft (11) to rotate through the first transmission mechanism (10);

the intermediate shaft (11) is connected with the output shaft through a second transmission mechanism, and the intermediate shaft (11) drives the output shaft to rotate through the second transmission mechanism;

the output shaft is matched and connected with a shaft hole of the polishing wheel (16);

the input shaft (9), the intermediate shaft (11) and the output shaft are positioned in the shell (18) and are rotatably connected with the shell (18), and the shell (18) is provided with a groove matched with the polishing wheel (16).

6. A superhard material curved surface grinding and polishing machining device according to claim 5, wherein the first transmission mechanism (10) comprises a first bevel gear and a second bevel gear, the first bevel gear is coaxially connected to the input shaft (9), the second bevel gear is coaxially connected to the intermediate shaft (11), and the first bevel gear is directly meshed with the second bevel gear or indirectly meshed with the second bevel gear through intermediate transmission.

7. A superhard material curved surface grinding and polishing processing device according to claim 5, wherein the second transmission mechanism comprises a steel belt transmission wheel (12) and a transmission steel belt (13), the two steel belt transmission wheels (12) are respectively and coaxially connected with the intermediate shaft (11) and the output shaft, and the two steel belt transmission wheels (12) are connected through the transmission steel belt (13).

8. The curved surface grinding and polishing processing device for the superhard material as claimed in claim 7, wherein one end of the intermediate shaft (11) corresponding to the steel strip driving wheel (12) and one end of the output shaft corresponding to the steel strip driving wheel (12) are respectively and coaxially connected with an idler wheel (17), and the two idler wheels (17) are connected through a transmission steel strip (13).

9. A superhard material curved surface grinding and polishing processing device according to claim 5 or claim 8, wherein the output shaft comprises a mandrel (15) and an outer shaft (14), the outer shaft (14) mainly comprises two short shafts, the two short shafts are respectively positioned at two sides of the polishing wheel (16), and a through hole matched with the mandrel (15) is formed at the shaft center of the outer shaft (14);

a through hole matched with the mandrel (15) is formed in the axis of the polishing wheel (16);

the steel belt driving wheel (12) is coaxially connected with the outer shaft (14) or the steel belt driving wheel (12) and the idler wheel (17) are respectively coaxially connected with the two short shafts;

the mandrel (15) is a non-circular cylinder, and the mandrel (15) sequentially penetrates through the short shaft of the outer shaft (14), the polishing wheel (16) and the short shaft of the outer shaft (14) and is detachably connected with the shell (18).

10. A superhard material curved surface grinding and polishing device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a contact pressure sensor, wherein the contact pressure sensor is used for detecting the direct contact pressure of the cutter (7) and the workpiece (8) to be processed in real time.