CN112535752A - 一种针对不同环境对象有效消毒实施方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种针对不同环境对象有效消毒实施方法,该消毒方法包括如下步骤:(1)消毒方案的选择和生成;(2)根据步骤(1)的方案实施消毒过程;(3)对消毒对象的消毒效果进行检测和评估。本发明的技术方案利用数据库,对不同消毒对象需求快速给出消毒方案,包括消毒剂种类的选用、消毒方法等;消毒完成对消毒数据采集,可实现合理评估消毒效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明具体涉及一种针对不同环境对象有效消毒实施方法。
背景技术
随着对场所卫生安全的重视,尤其是做好生物安全的洗消工作,各类消毒剂的应用越来越广泛。而各种消毒剂及消毒设备的应用并非完全适用全部坏境,必须进行消毒剂和消毒方法进行选择。
现有的消毒方案主要是根据不同需求,寻求不同的洗消单位进行的处理,不同的洗消单位所使用的消毒剂各有不同,甚至有可能不考虑现场条件,使得不同消毒剂稳定性、腐蚀性及相互影响的问题。而且根据《消毒技术规范》针对不同微生物杀灭难度不同,很难保证消毒效果,必须选择科学合理的消毒剂、消毒方式和消毒设备等才能实现有效消毒。另一方面,现场消毒本身的消毒效果控制不严格,消毒后的评估方案缺失。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种针对不同环境对象有效消毒实施方法,将消毒剂产品的选择、利用消毒设备执行洗消流程和消毒后评估有机地联系为一体并细化,能够快速获取科学合理的消毒方案,及时实现有效消毒,提高洗消本身的生物安全。
本发明为达到上述目的,具体通过以下技术方案得以实现的:
一种针对不同环境对象有效消毒实施方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)消毒方案的选择和生成;
(2)根据步骤(1)的方案实施消毒过程;
(3)对消毒对象的消毒效果进行检测和评估。
进一步地,步骤(1)的消毒方案通过计算机数据库匹配产生,其具体过程为:
(1-1)建立消毒对象数据库;
(1-2)建立消毒剂种类数据库;
(1-3)建立消毒方法数据库;
(1-4)设定消毒对象、消毒剂种类、消毒方法的对应关系;
(1-5)根据消毒对象自动根据(1-4)的对应关系获得该对象的消毒方法过程。
进一步地,所述消毒对象数据库、消毒剂种类数据库、消毒方法数据库均为开放的数据库,随着消毒对象、消毒剂种类、消毒方法的增加而扩展,其对应关系也随之而扩展。
进一步地,步骤(2)所实施的消毒过程为人为消毒或机器人远程控制的方式实施。
进一步地,步骤(3)包括实施消毒前对待消毒对象的细菌数、真菌数、病毒数据的采集及实施消毒后的数据采集。
进一步地,步骤(3)中消毒效果的评估通过计算消毒前后的杀菌率或降低的数量级进行评估,所述杀菌率=消毒前细菌/真菌/病毒数量-消毒后细菌/真菌/病毒数量)/消毒前细菌/真菌/病毒数量或下降数量级=lg消毒前细菌/真菌/病毒数量-lg消毒后细菌/真菌/病毒数量。
与现有技术相比,本发明的技术方案利用数据库,对不同消毒对象需求快速给出消毒方案,包括消毒剂种类的选用、消毒方法等;消毒完成对消毒数据采集,可实现合理评估消毒效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明的整体方法流程图;
图2为本发明中消毒方案匹配流程图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
如图1和图2所示,本发明的一种针对不同环境对象有效消毒实施方法,该方法包括如下步骤:(1)消毒方案的选择和生成;(2)根据步骤(1)的方案实施消毒过程;(3)对消毒对象的消毒效果进行检测和评估。
优选的,步骤(1)的消毒方案通过计算机数据库匹配产生,其具体过程为:(1-1)建立消毒对象数据库;(1-2)建立消毒剂种类数据库;(1-3)建立消毒方法数据库;(1-4)设定消毒对象、消毒剂种类、消毒方法的对应关系;(1-5)根据消毒对象自动根据(1-4)的对应关系获得该对象的消毒方法过程。在一实施例中优选的,所述消毒对象数据库、消毒剂种类数据库、消毒方法数据库均为开放的数据库,随着消毒对象、消毒剂种类、消毒方法的增加而扩展,其对应关系也随之而扩展。
优选的,步骤(2)所实施的消毒过程为人为消毒或机器人远程控制的方式实施。
优选的,步骤(3)包括实施消毒前对待消毒对象的细菌数、真菌数、病毒数据的采集及实施消毒后的数据采集。
优选的,步骤(3)中消毒效果的评估通过计算消毒前后的杀菌率或降低的数量级进行评估,所述杀菌率=消毒前细菌/真菌/病毒数量-消毒后细菌/真菌/病毒数量)/消毒前细菌/真菌/病毒数量或下降数量级=lg消毒前细菌/真菌/病毒数量-lg消毒后细菌/真菌/病毒数量。
实施例:以猪场消毒过程为例
1、消毒对象
猪场内消毒区域包括场外污区、猪场大门口污区、办公生活区灰区、生厂区和废弃物处理区。场外污区由细分为道路、车辆和售猪区域,猪场大门口污区有细分为停车场、入口、隔离宿舍,办公生活区灰区又可分为室外和室内,生厂区又可分为人员出入口、猪舍外、猪舍内和出口。
针对不同的消毒对象,其区域内设施和环境不同,因此消毒诉求不同。例如对于场外污区的道路,风险(病毒浓度)分析为高风险,消毒水平需要高水平,消毒干扰因素主要为道路表面不平滑、多尘土、有机物多,对于腐蚀性要求不严格,要求易降解、对后续污水处理无影响,消毒目的为防止外来病原传入场内。
对于生厂区猪舍外的坏境和空气,风险(病毒浓度)分析为中高风险,消毒水平需要中高水平,腐蚀性要求严格,要求易降解、对后续污水处理无影响,消毒目的为防止病原在场内传播。
对于生厂区猪舍内的生产、加工设备及器具,风险(病毒浓度)分析为高风险,消毒水平需要高水平,消毒干扰因素为微生物数量高,腐蚀性要求严格,消毒目的是防止病原由上一批次传播到下一批次。
2、消毒剂选择
对于不同的消毒区域,根据消毒技术规范,给出推荐的消毒剂类型、可用消毒剂和不可用消毒剂的选项,数据库的设定需考虑消毒剂的稳定性和腐蚀性,充分考虑消毒剂的环保性、起效时间、抗干扰效果、刺激性以及性价比等因素。给出消毒剂种类的同时,需要根据消毒对象对消毒剂的剂量、浓度和消毒时间等进行规范限定。
对于场外污区的道路,推荐使用的消毒剂为戊二醛,可用消毒剂为氢氧化钠(烧碱)和氢氧化钙(熟石灰),不可用的消毒剂为中低效消毒剂、光敏感消毒剂和不抗有机干扰消毒剂。
对于生厂区猪舍外的坏境和空气,推荐使用消毒剂为过硫酸氢钾类和二氧化氯类,不可用消毒剂为中低效消毒剂、腐蚀性消毒剂、对人有害的消毒剂和对人有刺激性的消毒剂。
对于生厂区猪舍内的生产、加工设备及器具,可用消毒剂为戊二醛类、过硫酸氢钾类,可用的消毒剂为复方含碘类(碘、磷酸硫酸复合物),不可用的消毒剂为低效消毒剂、腐蚀性消毒剂和不抗有机干扰的消毒剂。
3、消毒方法
采用科学合理的消毒方式是成功地实施生物安全的有效途径。具体的消毒方式需要针对不同场所区域空间大小、区域内设施及区域用途等进行选择。不同的消毒方式本身的雾滴大小、空中停留时间、可否粘膜免疫、降温范围、使用量(毫升/立方米)、药物成本和所用设备的区分。消毒设备包括超声波、油动弥雾机、电动弥雾机和泡沫消毒灯方式。
对于场外污区的道路,又可分为运输饲料、物资、人员道路的净道和运输仔猪、肥猪的道路的污道。对于净道,具体消毒方法为戊二醛为灭菌水平的消毒剂,且能抗有机物干扰,推荐高风险环节使用,推荐采用泡沫消毒方式,喷洒可视。
注意事项(1)氢氧化钠浓度应大于2%,因为非洲猪瘟耐受PH(有血清)为4-13.4,2%氢氧化钠PH为13.7,另外,使用前需检测所购氢氧化钠有效含量,使用时应佩戴防护装备;(2)氢氧化钙应使用新鲜的生石灰,现用现配,因为氧化钙、氢氧化钙极易吸收空气中的二氧化碳,PH下降,消毒效果降低;(3)道路应减少烧碱泼洒次数,烧碱与戊二醛轮换使用,防止道路受损严重;(4)生物安全注意事项:1)场外净道应为水泥硬化地面,且保持道路及道路周边清洁(无尘土、粪便、生活垃圾等污物),每天检查;2)车辆经过前后均需消毒。
对于生厂区猪舍外的坏境和空气,消毒方法推荐消毒车喷雾消毒方式,无人时消毒。
注意事项为(1)按照标准操作流程(SOP)传入生产区大门且有人监管时,该环节风险较低;(2)本场有疫病爆发或该场处于疫区或受威胁区时,该环节为高风险环节,消毒提高至高水平消毒。
对于生厂区猪舍内的生产、加工设备及器具,消毒方法包括过硫酸氢钾和碘类消毒剂,使用时应参照说明书标明的高工作浓度使用;对腐蚀性要求不高的设备器具可采用过硫酸氢钾类消毒剂;与猪直接接触的器具应用戊二醛消毒达到灭菌水平,如助产器具、注射器、精液瓶等。
另外,作为猪场内物资消毒方法,还可以为:
(1)选用对应效率的臭氧发生器,20分钟内能达到20PPM的有效浓度;(2)有风力搅拌措施,以促进臭氧快速与空气融合;(3)、物品所放位置需在臭氧发生器1米范围内,以保证有效浓度;(4)、臭氧发生器长时间工作会降低工作效率,推荐每天工作2-3次,每次工作2小时,每周监测臭氧浓度;(5)、熏蒸消毒结束后需至少通风30分钟后再进入,防止残余臭氧对人的毒性影响;(6)、熏蒸室温度保持在20℃左右,防止臭氧快速分解。
4、消毒效果的评估
采集消毒区域内消毒前后至少5个样点的样本进行检测,优选为10个样点,通过计算消毒前后的杀菌率或降低的数量级进行评估,所述杀菌率=消毒前细菌/真菌/病毒数量-消毒后细菌/真菌/病毒数量)/消毒前细菌/真菌/病毒数量或下降数量级=lg消毒前细菌/真菌/病毒数量-lg消毒后细菌/真菌/病毒数量。在做消毒剂的实验室评估的同时需进行现场试验。
如,对物体表面喷雾实验室消毒效果评价:实验菌:大肠杆菌(G-)、金黄色葡萄球菌(G+)、枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢或本场关注菌种。
试验方法:喷雾消毒效果评价方法(GB/T38504-2020)附录A和附录B;为减少操作误差,首选附录B方法。
干扰条件设置:为了模拟现场环境,引入低温和有机物干扰,1)有机物干扰溶液配制:取新鲜猪粪烘干,制成5-10%猪粪溶液;2)低温干扰设置:相关反应溶液(菌悬液、有机物溶液、消毒剂稀释液)放置4℃,预冷30分钟。消毒剂与细菌作用过程在4℃环境中进行,北方地区可加入防冻剂以适应更低温度。
对物体表面喷雾现场消毒效果评价,确定评估目的:消毒前后微生物数量变化作为消毒剂现场消毒能力的评估指标;消毒后微生物数量作为现场消毒是否合格的指标。某些特定病原微生物的评估指标应为未检出,如非洲猪瘟病毒。
采样点为与人接触的位置、与动物接触的位置、难以清洗到的位置。至少确定10个采样点。采样后进行实验室培养计数测定,包括物表样品中细菌总数的测定、真菌总数的测定进行标准化测定,特定病毒的测试,以及空气样品中菌落总数的测定。
对于某采样点的数据,如消毒前数量为500/ml,消毒后数量为50/ml,则杀菌率((消毒前数量-消毒后数量)/消毒前数量)为90%杀菌率,而消毒的后微生物数量为中等。如,如消毒前数量为3000/ml,消毒后数量为300/ml,则杀菌率((消毒前数量-消毒后数量)/消毒前数量)为90%杀菌率,而消毒的后微生物数量为高等。由此给出多维度指标的消毒评估。
5、对于实施例的猪场消毒说明:
(1)猪场的风险是不断变化的。本方案为推荐方案,每个猪场应根据本场实际情况增加高风险关键点,如本场处于疫区或受威胁区时。
(2)风险评估原则:病原微生物越容易携带及传播,风险就越高。本场不可控、外部来源、病毒载量高等因素风险最高,可控但执行监控困难或前处理能够降低的风险时为中等风险,可控且有严格检查为低风险。
(3)风险区域划分:高风险区域化为污区(黑色),中等风险区域化为灰区(灰色)、低风险区域化为净区(绿色)。
(4)流动方向:由低风险向高风险区域流动,从高风险到低风险时必须经过洗消步骤。
(5)消毒水平划分原则:高风险环节对应高水平消毒,低风险环节可采用低水平消毒。防止外部病原传入场内,防止病原由上一批次传播至下一批次等环节为高风险环节,预防消毒必须达到高水平消毒;
(6)猪场高风险环节应选择高水平消毒剂,同时制定标准消毒流程(SOP),并对相关人员进行培训、监督和奖惩。
(7)清洗与消毒同等重要,彻底清洁是有效消毒的前提。推荐洗消流程为:预消毒--充分清洁--彻底消毒。
(8)道路只有硬化后才能消毒,无法对非硬化道路消毒。
(9)对腐蚀性的要求由低到高分类:不严格、一般、严格、极严格。
以上实施例的步骤1-5给出的有效消毒方法过程,实现计算机数据库匹配产生,由多数据库对应关系获得该对象的消毒方法过程,再通过人为消毒或机器人远程控制的方式实施。对待消毒对象的细菌数、真菌数、病毒进行实施消毒前数据的采集及实施消毒后的数据采集,实现消毒效果的数据化、标准化评估,以达到有效消毒目的。
本发明中的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释,其并不是对本发明的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (6)
1.一种针对不同环境对象有效消毒实施方法,其特征在于,该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)消毒方案的选择和生成;
(2)根据步骤(1)的方案实施消毒过程;
(3)对消毒对象的消毒效果进行检测和评估。
2.根据权利要求1所述的针对不同环境对象有效消毒实施方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)的消毒方案通过计算机数据库匹配产生,其具体过程为:
(1-1)建立消毒对象数据库;
(1-2)建立消毒剂种类数据库;
(1-3)建立消毒方法数据库;
(1-4)设定消毒对象、消毒剂种类、消毒方法的对应关系;
(1-5)根据消毒对象自动根据(1-4)的对应关系获得该对象的消毒方法过程。
3.根据权利要求2所述的针对不同环境对象有效消毒实施方法,其特征在于,所述消毒对象数据库、消毒剂种类数据库、消毒方法数据库均为开放的数据库,随着消毒对象、消毒剂种类、消毒方法的增加而扩展,其对应关系也随之而扩展。
4.根据权利要求1所述的针对不同环境对象有效消毒实施方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所实施的消毒过程为人为消毒或机器人远程控制的方式实施。
5.根据权利要求1所述的针对不同环境对象有效消毒实施方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)包括实施消毒前对待消毒对象的细菌数、真菌数、病毒数据的采集及实施消毒后的数据采集。
6.根据权利要求5所述的针对不同环境对象有效消毒实施方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中消毒效果的评估通过计算消毒前后的杀菌率或降低的数量级进行评估,所述杀菌率=消毒前细菌/真菌/病毒数量-消毒后细菌/真菌/病毒数量)/消毒前细菌/真菌/病毒数量或下降数量级=lg消毒前细菌/真菌/病毒数量-lg消毒后细菌/真菌/病毒数量。
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