CN112528527A - Device and method for simulating and analyzing arc plasma - Google Patents
Device and method for simulating and analyzing arc plasma Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for simulating and analyzing arc plasma, and relates to a method for predicting the arc plasma in the metallurgical industry. The specific implementation mode comprises the following steps: a modeling module; an activation module; a first setting module; a second setting module that sets at least two inlet speeds; the configuration module is used for configuring a solver and enabling the solver to be dynamically connected with a control equation; the solving module is used for solving and calculating the simulation data corresponding to each inlet speed by using a solver to obtain a simulation result; the processing module is used for processing the simulation result to generate an arc temperature distribution diagram and an arc central axis speed distribution diagram corresponding to different inlet speeds. The method can simulate the forming process of a real electric arc, realizes the research on the distribution characteristics of the electric arc plasma with different inlet speeds, avoids the difficulty of measuring the electric arc characteristics in actual operation, and improves the efficiency of engineering application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a prediction method for analyzing arc plasma in the metallurgical industry, in particular to a device and a method for simulating and analyzing arc plasma by utilizing fluent software.
Background
The plasma is called the fourth state of matter, and is an ionized gas composed of molecules, atoms, ions, electrons, and protons, and exhibits electrical neutrality as a whole. The arc plasma has the advantages of concentrated energy, high temperature, large energy density and the like, is widely applied to the fields of material processing, metallurgical production and the like, and can be used for melting scrap steel, heating molten steel, compensating for temperature drop of the molten steel and the like. Arc plasma is a process involving strong coupling between electric, magnetic, flow and temperature fields. Meanwhile, thermodynamic parameters of the argon plasma are changed violently along with the temperature, and the measurement of an arc temperature field and a flow field through experiments has certain difficulty. In order to better understand the heat transfer process of the arc, it is necessary to use numerical simulation method to study the flow and heat transfer inside the arc.
While the prior art solutions mainly relate to methods of acquiring plasma arcs and the design of arc plasma generation, no mention is made of methods based on simulations to predict arc characteristics. The arc plasma forming process involves complex multi-physical field coupling, and field experiment measurement is difficult if the influence of different inlet speeds on the arc plasma characteristics is researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is that experimental research has high technical requirements and great difficulty in measuring data of an arc plasma region, and the influence of different inlet speeds on the arc plasma characteristics is difficult to explore. The invention provides a method and a device for exploring distribution characteristics of arc plasma by using a simulation calculation mode.
In order to solve the above technical problem, according to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for simulation analysis of arc plasma, including:
the modeling module is used for establishing a geometric model of the arc plasma and performing mesh division on the geometric model;
the activation module is used for activating the viscous model label for the geometric model, setting the viscous model label as laminar flow, activating the energy equation label, calling the UDF to add the joule heat item, the electronic enthalpy transport item and the plasma radiation heat loss item into the energy conservation equation and add the Lorentz force into the momentum conservation equation in the form of a source item, and calling the UDS to add a current continuity equation;
the first setting module is used for setting working medium gas for the geometric model and calling UDF to add physical parameters of the working medium gas into a control equation; wherein the governing equations comprise a continuity equation, the conservation of momentum equation, the conservation of energy equation, and a maxwell equation set;
the second setting module is used for setting boundary conditions for the geometric model and setting at least two inlet speeds;
the configuration module is used for setting the solver to be stable state solving, selecting a SIMPLE algorithm by a solving method, selecting a least square difference value based on a unit body by gradient interpolation and dispersing other variables by adopting a second-order windward format; adjusting a relaxation factor of the solver; and dynamically connecting the solver with the control equation;
the solving module is used for solving and calculating the simulation data corresponding to each inlet speed by using the solver to obtain a simulation result of each inlet speed;
and the processing module is used for processing the simulation result and generating an arc temperature distribution map and an arc central axis velocity distribution map which correspond to different inlet velocities.
Optionally, the modeling module is further configured to:
establishing a two-dimensional axisymmetric geometric model under a cylindrical coordinate system by using ICEM;
dividing the geometric model by adopting structured grids, and enabling the total number of the grids to be smaller than the preset number of the grids;
and importing the geometric model established by ICEM into Fluent.
Optionally, the first setting module is further configured to:
setting the working medium gas in the geometric model as argon in Fluent, and calling UDF to add the density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, viscosity and electrical conductivity of the argon to the control equation.
Optionally, the second setting module is further configured to:
setting a symmetry axis, a cathode, an anode, a working medium gas inlet, a pressure outlet and corresponding simulation conditions for the geometric model in Fluent; wherein the cathode is set to be a non-slip wall surface and the temperature is 3500K; the anode is set to have no sliding wall surface and the temperature is 1800K; the temperature of the working medium gas inlet is set to be 1000K; the temperature of the pressure outlet is set to 1000K; and the other sides of the geometric model are set to be non-slip wall surfaces and the temperature is 1000K.
Optionally, the configuration module is further configured to:
selecting a pressure base solver from Fluent, and adjusting a relaxation factor of the pressure base solver; wherein the relaxation factors include a pressure factor, a density factor, a volume force factor, a momentum factor, an energy factor, and uds-0 factors;
setting the residual errors of the continuity equation, the speed in the x direction, the speed in the y direction, the energy conservation equation and uds-0, and setting the dynamic residual errors to be displayed in the calculation process.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
the third setting module is used for setting the initial flow field temperature, the initial current density and the iteration steps; wherein the initial flow field temperature is 8000K, and the initial current density is 1.5 x 10-8 A/m2。
Optionally, the solving module is further configured to:
iteratively calculating the simulation data of each inlet speed by using the solver based on the initial flow field temperature, the initial current density, the iteration step number, the continuity equation, the momentum conservation equation, the energy conservation equation and the Maxwell equation system to obtain a simulation result of each inlet speed;
and storing the simulation result into a case file and a data file, and outputting data in a text format.
In order to solve the above technical problem, according to still another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of simulation analyzing arc plasma, including:
establishing a geometric model of the arc plasma, and carrying out mesh division on the geometric model;
activating a viscous model label for the geometric model and setting the viscous model label as laminar flow, activating an energy equation label, calling UDF in a source item form, adding a joule heat item, an electronic enthalpy transport item and a plasma radiation heat loss item into an energy conservation equation, adding Lorentz force into a momentum conservation equation, and calling a UDS addition current continuity equation;
setting working medium gas for the geometric model, and calling UDF to add physical parameters of the working medium gas into a control equation; wherein the governing equations comprise a continuity equation, the conservation of momentum equation, the conservation of energy equation, and a maxwell equation set;
setting boundary conditions for the geometric model, and setting at least two inlet speeds;
configuring a solver, and enabling the solver to be dynamically connected with the control equation;
the solver carries out solving calculation on the simulation data corresponding to each inlet speed to obtain a simulation result of each inlet speed;
and processing the simulation result to generate an arc temperature distribution diagram and an arc central axis speed distribution diagram corresponding to different inlet speeds.
Optionally, establishing a geometric model of the arc plasma, and meshing the geometric model, includes:
establishing a two-dimensional axisymmetric geometric model under a cylindrical coordinate system by using ICEM;
dividing the geometric model by adopting structured grids, and enabling the total number of the grids to be smaller than the preset number of the grids;
and importing the geometric model established by ICEM into Fluent.
Optionally, setting a working medium gas for the geometric model, and calling UDF to add physical parameters of the working medium gas to a control equation, including:
setting the working medium gas in the geometric model as argon in Fluent, and calling UDF to add the density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, viscosity and electrical conductivity of the argon to the control equation.
Optionally, setting a boundary condition for the geometric model, including:
setting a symmetry axis, a cathode, an anode, a working medium gas inlet, a pressure outlet and corresponding simulation conditions for the geometric model in Fluent; wherein the cathode is set to be a non-slip wall surface and the temperature is 3500K; the anode is set to have no sliding wall surface and the temperature is 1800K; the temperature of the working medium gas inlet is set to be 1000K; the temperature of the pressure outlet is set to 1000K; and the other sides of the geometric model are set to be non-slip wall surfaces and the temperature is 1000K.
Optionally, configuring a solver, comprising:
selecting a pressure base solver from Fluent;
setting the pressure-based solver as a steady state solution, selecting a SIMPLE algorithm by a solution method, selecting a least square difference value based on a unit body by gradient interpolation, and dispersing other variables by adopting a second-order windward format;
adjusting a relaxation factor of the pressure-based solver; wherein the relaxation factors include a pressure factor, a density factor, a volume force factor, a momentum factor, an energy factor, and uds-0 factors;
setting the residual errors of the continuity equation, the speed in the x direction, the speed in the y direction, the energy conservation equation and uds-0, and setting the dynamic residual errors to be displayed in the calculation process.
Optionally, the solver performs solution calculation on the simulation data corresponding to each inlet speed, and before the calculation, the method further includes:
setting initial flow field temperature, initial current density and iteration steps; wherein the initial flow field temperature is 8000K, and the initial current density is 1.5 x 10-8 A/m2。
Optionally, the solving and calculating by the solver on the simulation data corresponding to each inlet speed to obtain a simulation result of each inlet speed includes:
the solver is used for carrying out iterative calculation on the simulation data of each inlet speed based on the initial flow field temperature, the initial current density, the iteration steps, the continuity equation, the momentum conservation equation, the energy conservation equation and the Maxwell equation set to obtain a simulation result of each inlet speed;
and storing the simulation result into a case file and a data file, and outputting data in a text format.
To achieve the above object, according to still another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an electronic device for analog analysis of arc plasma.
The electronic equipment for simulating and analyzing the arc plasma comprises: one or more processors; a memory device for storing one or more programs which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement a method for simulating analysis of an arc plasma in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
To achieve the above object, according to still another aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium.
A computer-readable storage medium of an embodiment of the invention has stored thereon a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements a method of simulation analysis of arc plasma of an embodiment of the invention.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
the method can simulate the forming process of a real electric arc, thereby realizing the research on the distribution characteristics of the electric arc plasma with different inlet speeds, avoiding the difficulty of measuring the electric arc characteristics in actual operation and improving the efficiency of engineering application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main steps of a method of simulation analysis of arc plasma according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for simulation analysis of arc plasma according to a reference embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a geometric model of a reference embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of an arc temperature profile of 5m/s according to a reference embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of an arc temperature profile corresponding to 10m/s according to a reference embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of an arc temperature profile at 15m/s according to a reference embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the linear velocity profile of the central axis of the arc in accordance with a reference embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the main blocks of an apparatus for simulation analysis of arc plasma in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an exemplary system architecture diagram in which embodiments of the present invention may be employed;
fig. 10 is a schematic block diagram of a computer system suitable for use in implementing a terminal device or server according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Because the arc plasma formation process involves complex multi-physical field coupling, it is difficult to measure using field experiments if one wants to study the effect of different inlet velocities on the arc plasma characteristics.
The method takes the electric arc as a research object, and utilizes Fluent and other simulation software to establish a two-dimensional axisymmetric electric arc model so as to simulate the forming process of the real electric arc. And adding a current continuity equation through a self-defined scalar, adding source terms such as Lorentz force terms, Joule heat terms and the like into a momentum conservation equation and an energy conservation equation through a self-defined function, and solving the mutual coupling process of an electromagnetic field, a temperature field and a speed field to obtain the characteristics of the arc plasma. Simulation software such as Fluent is utilized to research the distribution characteristics of the arc plasma with different inlet speeds, and a method basis can be provided for the industrial application design optimization of the arc plasma. Meanwhile, the method avoids the difficulty of measuring the arc characteristics in actual operation and improves the efficiency of engineering application.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus 100 for simulation analysis of arc plasma, which includes a modeling module 101, an activation module 102, a first setting module 103, a second setting module 104, a configuration module 105, a solving module 106, and a processing module 107.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the modeling module 101 is used for establishing a geometric model of the arc plasma and performing mesh division on the geometric model;
the activation module 102 is used for activating a viscous model label for the geometric model, setting the viscous model label as laminar flow, activating an energy equation label, calling UDF (Universal data flow) in a source item form, adding a Joule heating item, an electronic enthalpy transport item and a plasma radiation heat loss item into an energy conservation equation, adding Lorentz force into a momentum conservation equation, and calling a UDS (Universal data System) to add a current continuity equation;
the first setting module 103 is used for setting working medium gas for the geometric model and calling UDF to add physical parameters of the working medium gas into a control equation; wherein the governing equations comprise a continuity equation, the conservation of momentum equation, the conservation of energy equation, and a maxwell equation set;
a second setting module 104, configured to set boundary conditions for the geometric model, and set at least two entry velocities;
the configuration module 105 is used for setting the solver to be stable state solving, selecting a SIMPLE algorithm by a solving method, selecting a least square difference value based on a unit body by gradient interpolation, and dispersing other variables by adopting a second-order windward format; adjusting a relaxation factor of the solver; and dynamically connecting the solver with the control equation;
the solving module 106 is configured to perform solving calculation on the simulation data corresponding to each inlet speed by using the solver to obtain a simulation result of each inlet speed;
and the processing module 107 is configured to process the simulation result to generate an arc temperature distribution map and an arc central axis velocity distribution map corresponding to different inlet velocities.
In this embodiment of the present invention, the modeling module 101 may further be configured to:
establishing a two-dimensional axisymmetric geometric model under a cylindrical coordinate system by using ICEM;
dividing the geometric model by adopting structured grids, and enabling the total number of the grids to be smaller than the preset number of the grids;
and importing the geometric model established by ICEM into Fluent.
In this embodiment of the present invention, the first setting module 103 may further be configured to:
setting the working medium gas in the geometric model as argon in Fluent, and calling UDF to add the density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, viscosity and electrical conductivity of the argon to the control equation.
In this embodiment of the present invention, the second setting module 104 may further be configured to:
setting a symmetry axis, a cathode, an anode, a working medium gas inlet, a pressure outlet and corresponding simulation conditions for the geometric model in Fluent; wherein the cathode is set to be a non-slip wall surface and the temperature is 3500K; the anode is set to have no sliding wall surface and the temperature is 1800K; the temperature of the working medium gas inlet is set to be 1000K; the temperature of the pressure outlet is set to 1000K; and the other sides of the geometric model are set to be non-slip wall surfaces and the temperature is 1000K.
In this embodiment of the present invention, the configuration module 105 may further be configured to:
selecting a pressure base solver from Fluent, and adjusting a relaxation factor of the pressure base solver; wherein the relaxation factors include a pressure factor, a density factor, a volume force factor, a momentum factor, an energy factor, and uds-0 factors;
setting the residual errors of the continuity equation, the speed in the x direction, the speed in the y direction, the energy conservation equation and uds-0, and setting the dynamic residual errors to be displayed in the calculation process.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus 100 may further include:
a third setting module (not shown in the figure) for setting the initial flow field temperature, the initial current density and the number of iteration steps; wherein the initial flow field temperature is 8000K, and the initial current density is 1.5 x 10-8 A/m2。
In this embodiment of the present invention, the solving module 106 may further be configured to:
iteratively calculating the simulation data of each inlet speed by using the solver based on the initial flow field temperature, the initial current density, the iteration step number, the continuity equation, the momentum conservation equation, the energy conservation equation and the Maxwell equation system to obtain a simulation result of each inlet speed;
and storing the simulation result into a case file and a data file, and outputting data in a text format.
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for simulation analysis of arc plasma, which mainly includes the following steps:
step S201, establishing a geometric model of the arc plasma, and performing mesh division on the geometric model.
The geometric model was used to simulate the arc plasma portion and is a reference geometric model as shown in fig. 4, where DC is the working GAs inlet, GF is the cathode, AB is the anode, CB is the pressure outlet, and GA length is the arc length. The geometric model is the computational domain of the simulation analysis. The mesh division is to divide the calculation area into quadrilateral meshes.
In the embodiment of the present invention, step S201 may be implemented in the following manner: establishing a two-dimensional axisymmetric geometric model under a cylindrical coordinate system by using ICEM; dividing the geometric model by adopting structured grids, and enabling the total number of the grids to be smaller than the preset number of the grids; and importing the geometric model established by ICEM into Fluent.
The method for simulating and analyzing the arc plasma can be realized based on Fluent, which is a relatively popular commercial CFD (computational fluid dynamics) software package in the world at present, and can be used in all industries related to fluid, heat transfer, chemical reaction and the like. The method has rich physical models, advanced numerical methods and powerful pre-and post-processing functions, and is widely applied to the aspects of aerospace, automobile design, petroleum and natural gas, turbine design and the like. ICEM is grid division software marked and matched by Fluent, and the ICEM can establish a geometric model and import the geometric model into Fluent, and the imported geometric model is set in Fluent to obtain a mathematical model. Structured grids, also known as grids, refer to regions in which all grid points have the same degree. The structured grid has the advantages of high generation speed, simple storage structure, a plurality of optimization measures and good method for dividing the structured grid for objects with simple shapes.
The preset lattice number can be set according to actual conditions. It should be noted that the mesh quality not only affects the calculation accuracy, but also affects the convergence process. Although more grids are more favorable for convergence, the calculation speed is influenced, so that more grids are better, and a proper grid value is required, so that the calculation speed and the convergence can be guaranteed. As a preferred embodiment, the total number of grids is controlled to be ten thousand, that is, the preset number of grids is ten thousand.
Step S202, activating a viscous model label for the geometric model and setting the viscous model label as laminar flow, activating an energy equation label, calling UDF to add a joule heat item, an electronic enthalpy transport item and a plasma radiation heat loss item into an energy conservation equation and add Lorentz force into a momentum conservation equation in a source item form, and calling a UDS to add a current continuity equation.
UDS is a user-defined scalar, UDF is a user-defined function, and the steps add contents such as user settings and the like by calling the UDF and the UDS.
In Fluent, the viscous model is set to laminar flow, and the continuity equation and the momentum conservation equation are solved by default. The energy conservation equation may be used after the energy equation label is activated. After the current continuity equation is added, the current continuity equation, the ampere-circulation law and the ohm law form a Maxwell equation set for subsequent use. And establishing a continuity equation, a momentum conservation equation, an energy conservation equation and a Maxwell equation system required by the model.
Flow simulation is performed by using a viscosity model, the viscosity model is set to be laminar flow, and for all flows, Fluent is an equation for solving conservation of mass and momentum.
After the energy equation labels are activated and the current continuity equation is added, the continuity equation, the momentum conservation equation, the energy conservation equation and the Maxwell equation set can be used for subsequent solution. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the continuity equation is:
the conservation of momentum equation comprises an axial conservation of momentum equation and a radial conservation of momentum equation,
the axial momentum conservation equation is:
the radial momentum conservation equation is:
the energy conservation equation is:
the maxwell system of equations includes the current continuity equations, ohm's law and ampere's circulation law,
the current continuity equation is:
ohm's law is:
the ampere-cycle law is:
wherein x is the axial distance; r is the radial distance;
is the axial velocity of the plasma;
is the radial velocity of the plasma; g is the acceleration of gravity;
is the axial current density component;
is the radial current density component; p is static pressure;
the density of the working medium gas;
the specific heat capacity of the working medium gas;
the viscosity of the working medium gas;
the thermal conductivity of the working medium gas;
the conductivity of the working medium gas; e is the electron charge, e =1.6 x 10-19(unit C);
is the boltzmann constant, and is,
=1.38*10-23(unit J/K);
is a self-induced magnetic field; t is the initial flow field temperature;
radiating heat loss for the plasma;
in order to achieve a magnetic permeability in a vacuum,
an axial magnetic vector potential;
is a radial magnetic vector potential;
is an electrical potential.
It should be noted that the Lorentz force is in the conservation of momentum equation
The Joule heat term being in the equation of conservation of energy
The transport term of enthalpy being in the equation of conservation of energy
。
And S203, setting working medium gas for the geometric model, and calling UDF to add physical parameters of the working medium gas into a control equation.
The model is in a non-vacuum condition, a specific working medium gas can be set to be matched with the viscous model for flow simulation, and parameters of the corresponding working medium gas can be added into a control equation through UDF. The governing equations include a continuity equation, the conservation of momentum equation, the conservation of energy equation, and a maxwell system of equations.
In the embodiment of the present invention, step S203 may be implemented in the following manner: working medium gas in the geometric model is set to be argon in Fluent, and UDF is called to add density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, viscosity and electrical conductivity of the argon to a control equation.
In a preferred embodiment, argon gas may be selected as the working gas. The density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, viscosity and electrical conductivity of the working medium gas can be set as a piecewise function.
And step S204, setting boundary conditions for the geometric model, and setting at least two inlet speeds.
This step may set corresponding parameters according to the model and its boundaries. Meanwhile, in order to research the influence of different inlet speeds on the arc plasma characteristics, at least two inlet speeds can be set, so that the arc distribution characteristics under different inlet speeds are researched. The inlet velocity refers to the velocity of the working fluid gas entering.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the step of setting the boundary condition for the geometric model may be implemented by the following method: and arranging a symmetry axis, a cathode, an anode, a working medium gas inlet, a pressure outlet and corresponding simulation conditions for the geometric model in the Fluent.
The geometric model is an axisymmetric figure. In a preferred embodiment, the cathode is provided with no slip wall surface and the temperature is 3500K; the anode is set to have no sliding wall surface and the temperature is 1800K; the temperature of the working medium gas inlet is set to be 1000K; the temperature of the pressure outlet was set to 1000K; the other sides of the geometric model are set as non-slip wall surfaces and the temperature is 1000K. It is to be noted that the other sides refer to sides other than the axis of symmetry, the cathode, the anode, the working fluid gas inlet and the pressure outlet, such as DE and EF in fig. 4.
And S205, configuring a solver, and enabling the solver to be dynamically connected with a control equation.
The solver is a solver provided by Fluent, and can be configured based on requirements.
There are two solvers provided by Fluent, corresponding to different numerical methods, including a pressure-based solver and a density-based solver. As a preferred embodiment, a pressure-based solver (i.e., a pressure-based solver) is selected. The calculation rule adopted by the pressure-based solver belongs to a projection method in the conventional sense. In the projection method, firstly, a velocity field is solved through a momentum equation, and then the velocity field meets a continuity condition through the correction of a pressure equation. The pressure equation is derived from a fluid mechanics continuity equation and a momentum equation, so that the simulation result of the whole flow field can meet the requirements of mass conservation and momentum conservation at the same time. Due to the nonlinear and intercoupling effects of the governing equations (momentum and pressure equations), an iterative process is required to solve the governing equations repeatedly until the results converge, and the pressure and momentum equations are solved in this way.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the step of configuring the solver may be implemented in the following manner: selecting a pressure base solver from Fluent; setting a pressure-based solver as a steady state solution, selecting a SIMPLE algorithm (a semi-implicit method of a pressure coupling equation set) by a solution method, selecting a least square difference value based on a unit body by gradient interpolation, and dispersing other variables by adopting a second-order windward format; adjusting a relaxation factor of the pressure-based solver; setting residual errors of a continuity equation, an x-direction speed, a y-direction speed, an energy conservation equation and uds-0, and setting dynamic residual errors to be displayed in the calculation process. It should be noted that fluent automatically identifies coordinate axes and converts to x and y coordinate systems by default.
Wherein the remaining variables refer to variables other than gradient interpolation. Due to the non-linear equations required in fluid mechanics, the change in the control variable during the solution is necessary, which is accomplished by the relaxation factor, which controls the change in the variable at each iteration. That is, the new value of the variable is the original value plus the delta times the relaxation factor. The relaxation factor has a large relationship with convergence, and if the case is to be converged better, the relaxation factor needs to be reduced. Wherein the relaxation factors include pressure factor, density factor, volume force factor, momentum factor, energy factor and uds-0 factor.
In the embodiment of the present invention, before step S206, the following steps may be further implemented: and setting the initial flow field temperature, the initial current density and the iteration step number.
Wherein, the initial flow field temperature is the initial temperature of the working medium gas. As a preferred embodiment, in order to ensure the conductivity of the argon gas and make it have a better conductivity temperature, the initial flow field temperature may be set to 8000K. The initial current density may be set at 1.5 x 10-8 A/m2。
In addition, both the initial flow field temperature and the initial current density may be added by UDF. And, an axial current density component and a radial current density component may be derived based on the initial current density. The initial current density and the initial flow field temperature are set initial values, and the current density and the flow field temperature are changed along with calculation.
And S206, solving and calculating the simulation data corresponding to each inlet speed by a solver to obtain a simulation result of each inlet speed.
The simulation environment is set through steps S201 to S205, and in the same simulation environment, with the progress of the experiment, the generated arc distribution characteristics are different at different inlet speeds, that is, different inlet speeds may obtain different simulation data, and the simulation data at each inlet speed is separately solved and calculated, and the obtained calculation result is the corresponding simulation result. The solver of Fluent can use a continuity equation, a momentum conservation equation, an energy conservation equation and a Maxwell equation set to solve and calculate the simulation data of different inlet speeds.
In the embodiment of the present invention, step S206 may be implemented in the following manner: the solver carries out iterative computation on the data of each inlet speed based on the initial flow field temperature, the initial current density, the iteration step number, the continuity equation, the momentum conservation equation, the energy conservation equation and the Maxwell equation set to obtain the simulation result of each inlet speed; and saving the simulation result into a case file and a data file, and outputting data in a text format.
The solution calculation is an iterative calculation process. The Fluent pressure-based solver starts solving and calculating based on the setting of the previous steps, and at this time, the pressure-based solver can calculate according to its own logic, and the calculation process may be: calculating the conductivity according to the initial flow field temperature, and obtaining potential distribution based on the conductivity; calculating current density in each direction according to the potential and the conductivity; and (4) taking the current density as a source term of an energy conservation equation, and calculating the temperature field again with the obtained speed field. The above is an iterative process, and the step needs to be repeated circularly, i.e. the finally calculated temperature field is used as the initial flow field temperature again until the calculation is finished.
Case files are used for making digital media files, data files are backup class files for data saving, and the text format can be selected from a variety of formats including ASCII (american standard code for information interchange) and Excel (table). As a preferred embodiment, the simulation results may output the required temperature data and current density data in ASCII format.
And step S207, processing the simulation result to generate an arc temperature distribution diagram and an arc central axis speed distribution diagram corresponding to different inlet speeds.
Origin software is professional function drawing software, and can meet the drawing requirements of general users and the requirements of high-level user data analysis and function fitting. This step can utilize Origin software to post-process the data output from the previous step to ultimately generate an arc temperature profile (e.g., fig. 5, 6, and 7) and an arc center axis velocity profile (e.g., fig. 8). The arc temperature distribution diagram is used for displaying the influence of different inlet speeds on the arc temperature distribution, and the arc central axis speed distribution diagram is used for displaying the speed distribution of different inlet speeds on the arc central axis.
The present invention will be further described by way of examples in order to facilitate a more complete, accurate and thorough understanding of the concepts and solutions of the present invention and to facilitate its implementation by those skilled in the art, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example one
As shown in fig. 3, in the embodiment of the present invention, a method for analog analysis of arc plasma is implemented based on Fluent, and the method can be implemented by referring to the following flow:
1. step of establishing geometric model
And establishing a two-dimensional axisymmetric geometric model under a cylindrical coordinate system by using ICEM (ion cyclotron resonance imaging) for simulating the arc plasma part. As shown in FIG. 4, in the geometric model, the calculation area is ABCDEFG, where DC is the working fluid GAs inlet, GF is the cathode, AB is the anode, CB is the pressure outlet, GA is the axis of symmetry, and the length of GA is the arc length. It should be noted that the shape and layout of the geometric model are not fixed, and the GFED portion is a boundary shape of the electrode and is variable. The GA is used as the axis in solving the calculation.
2. Mesh partitioning
And (4) carrying out grid division on the calculation area established in the last step, wherein the grid can be a quadrilateral grid. It should be noted that the mesh quality not only affects the calculation accuracy, but also affects the convergence process. Although more grids are more favorable for convergence, the calculation speed is influenced, so that more grids are better, and a proper grid value is required, so that the calculation speed and the convergence can be guaranteed. Here, taking ten thousand as an example of the preset number of grids, the total number of grids is controlled within 10000.
3. Selecting a suitable model
Importing a geometric model established by ICEM into Fluent, activating a viscosity model for the geometric model, and setting the viscosity model into Laminar flow, namely selecting Laminar (Laminar flow) from viscous (viscosity model) options in the model of Fluent. Meanwhile, an energy conservation equation is opened in the geometric model in a manner of activating an energy equation label, namely, the energy equation label is activated in a model option of Fluent.
4. Secondary development of Fluent by using UDF and UDS
Invoking the UDF to add the joule heat term, the electronic enthalpy transport term and the thermal radiation term (namely the plasma radiation heat loss) to the energy conservation equation in the form of a source term, adding the Lorentz force to the momentum conservation equation, and invoking the UDS to add the current continuity equation.
5. Setting physical property parameters of the material
Taking argon as the working medium gas as an example, the density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, viscosity and electrical conductivity of argon are set as piecewise functions and added to the control equation by calling the form of UDF. The control equations involved are as follows:
the hydrodynamic continuity equation is:
the conservation of momentum equation comprises an axial conservation of momentum equation and a radial conservation of momentum equation,
the axial momentum conservation equation is:
the radial momentum conservation equation is:
the energy conservation equation is:
the maxwell system of equations includes the current continuity equations, ohm's law and ampere's circulation law,
the current continuity equation is:
ohm's law is:
the ampere-cycle law is:
wherein x is the axial distance; r is the radial distance;
is the axial velocity of the plasma;
is the radial velocity of the plasma; g is the acceleration of gravity;
is the axial current density component;
is the radial current density component; p is static pressure;
is the density of argon;
the specific heat capacity of argon gas;
is the viscosity of argon;
is the thermal conductivity of argon;
is the conductivity of argon; e is the electron charge, e =1.6 x 10-19(unit C);
is the boltzmann constant, and is,
=1.38*10-23(unit J/K);
is a self-induced magnetic field; t is the initial flow field temperature;
radiating heat loss for the plasma;
in order to achieve a magnetic permeability in a vacuum,
an axial magnetic vector potential;
is a radial magnetic vector potential;
is an electrical potential.
6. Setting boundary conditions
Continuing with fig. 4, GF was set as the cathode, set as the no slip wall, and temperature was set at 3500K; the current density was set at 1.5 x 10-8 A/m2(ii) a AB is set as an anode without a sliding wall surface, and the temperature is set to 1800K; setting DC as an argon inlet, setting the temperature as 1000K, and setting the inlet speed as a variable; CB is set as a pressure outlet, and the temperature is set to 1000K; GA sets up to the symmetry axis, and DE and EF set up to the no wall that slides, and the temperature all sets up to 1000K. It is to be noted that the current density set here is an initial current density added by UDF, which is an initial value of the setting, andthe current density is varied and an axial current density component and a radial current density component are further derived based on the initial current density.
7. Formulating solution method
Selecting a pressure base solver in Fluent, setting steady state solution, selecting a SIMPLE algorithm by a solution method, selecting a least square difference value based on a unit body by gradient interpolation, and dispersing other variables by adopting a second-order windward format. Meanwhile, the relaxation factor in Solution Controls is adjusted in Fluent, the relaxation factor has a great relationship with convergence, and if the case is better converged, the relaxation factor needs to be reduced. In this example, the pressure factor may be set to 0.3, the density factor to 1, the volume force factor to 1, the momentum factor to 0.7, the energy factor to 0.3, the UDS-0 factor to 1 (UDS-0 is the relaxation factor set for UDS, only the UDS-0 factor since UDS is used only once). And setting the residual in the Monitor of Fluent, setting the energy conservation equation residual to 10-7The residual of the remaining equations is set to 10-4. In addition, the method can also be set to display the dynamic residual error in the calculation process so as to display the dynamic residual error in the calculation process, and the setting mode is as follows: click on the Solve button, monitor option, Residual option, in turn, and select Plot in Options.
8. Initialization calculation
A standard Initialization is selected in the Fluent to initialize, and then the number of iteration steps is set. In order to ensure the conductivity of the argon, the initial flow field temperature is set to be 8000K, so that the argon has a better conductivity temperature.
9. Solving for
The Fluent pressure-based solver starts solving and calculating based on the setting of the previous steps, and at this time, the pressure-based solver can calculate according to its own logic, and the calculation process may be: calculating the conductivity according to the initial flow field temperature so as to obtain the potential distribution in the iteration; and calculating to obtain current density in each direction according to the potential and the conductivity, taking the current density as a source term of an energy conservation equation, and calculating a temperature field again according to the obtained speed field. This completes an iterative process, and then the loop repeats (the number of loops equals the number of iteration steps) until the computation ends (i.e., converges).
10. Outputting results and post-processing
And obtaining a simulation result of each inlet speed after the solving and calculating in the last step are completed, exporting the simulation result to a file with suffixes of 'case' and 'data', simultaneously outputting required temperature data and current density data in an ASCII format, and finally utilizing Origin software to post-process the output file.
Example two
To study the effect of different inlet velocities on arc plasma characteristics, at least two inlet velocities can be set to study the arc profile characteristics at different inlet velocities.
In the previous example, the settings were kept unchanged except for the inlet velocities set at 5m/S, 10m/S and 15m/S, respectively, and simulation analysis was performed according to steps S201 to S210 to finally generate arc temperature profiles and arc center axis velocity profiles corresponding to the different inlet velocities.
FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 are graphs of arc temperature profiles at 5m/s, 10m/s and 15m/s, respectively. As can be seen from fig. 5, 6 and 7, the arc temperature distribution is overall "bell-shaped". The arc temperature shows a downward trend along the axial direction, and the temperature is highest on the central axis in the radial direction and gradually decreases towards two sides along the radial direction. Meanwhile, the temperature near the anode is reduced seriously, the Joule heating effect is obviously reduced, the electromagnetic contraction force near the cathode is larger, and the arc is more convergent.
Fig. 8 shows the velocity at each point in the x direction from point G to point a when the velocity on the line of the axis of symmetry GA, i.e., r =0, is reflected. Since only the inlet velocity is set and applied from the gas inlet DC, the velocity varies along the axis due to the influence of the electromagnetic force.
Fig. 9 illustrates an exemplary system architecture 900 for a method of simulating an analysis of an arc plasma or an apparatus for simulating an analysis of an arc plasma to which embodiments of the invention may be applied.
As shown in fig. 9, the system architecture 900 may include end devices 901, 902, 903, a network 904, and a server 905. Network 904 is the medium used to provide communication links between terminal devices 901, 902, 903 and server 905. Network 904 may include various connection types, such as wired, wireless communication links, or fiber optic cables, to name a few.
A user may use the terminal devices 901, 902, 903 to interact with a server 905 over a network 904 to receive or send messages and the like. Various communication client applications can be installed on the terminal devices 901, 902, 903.
The terminal devices 901, 902, 903 may be various electronic devices having a display screen and supporting web browsing, including but not limited to smart phones, tablet computers, laptop portable computers, desktop computers, and the like.
The server 905 may be a server that provides various services, such as a background management server for providing support. The background management server can analyze and process the received data such as the product information inquiry request and feed back the processing result to the terminal equipment.
It should be noted that the method for analog analysis of arc plasma provided by the embodiment of the present invention is generally executed by the server 905, and accordingly, the apparatus for analog analysis of arc plasma is generally disposed in the server 905.
It should be understood that the number of terminal devices, networks, and servers in fig. 9 is merely illustrative. There may be any number of terminal devices, networks, and servers, as desired for implementation.
Referring now to FIG. 10, a block diagram of a computer system 1000 suitable for use with a terminal device implementing an embodiment of the invention is shown. The terminal device shown in fig. 10 is only an example, and should not bring any limitation to the functions and the scope of use of the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 10, the computer system 1000 includes a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 1001 that can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a Read Only Memory (ROM) 1002 or a program loaded from a storage section 1008 into a Random Access Memory (RAM) 1003. In the RAM 1003, various programs and data necessary for the operation of the system 1000 are also stored. The CPU 1001, ROM 1002, and RAM 1003 are connected to each other via a bus 1004. An input/output (I/O) interface 1005 is also connected to bus 1004.
The following components are connected to the I/O interface 1005: an input section 1006 including a keyboard, a mouse, and the like; an output section 1007 including a display such as a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), and the like, and a speaker; a storage portion 1008 including a hard disk and the like; and a communication section 1009 including a network interface card such as a LAN card, a modem, or the like. The communication section 1009 performs communication processing via a network such as the internet. The driver 1010 is also connected to the I/O interface 1005 as necessary. A removable medium 1011 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, or the like is mounted on the drive 1010 as necessary, so that a computer program read out therefrom is mounted into the storage section 1008 as necessary.
In particular, according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts may be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure include a computer program product comprising a computer program embodied on a computer readable medium, the computer program comprising program code for performing the method illustrated in the flow chart. In such an embodiment, the computer program may be downloaded and installed from a network through the communication part 1009 and/or installed from the removable medium 1011. The computer program executes the above-described functions defined in the system of the present invention when executed by the Central Processing Unit (CPU) 1001.
It should be noted that the computer readable medium shown in the present invention can be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium or any combination of the two. A computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the present invention, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In the present invention, however, a computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated data signal may take many forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer readable signal medium may also be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to: wireless, wire, fiber optic cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
The modules described in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented by software or hardware. The described modules may also be provided in a processor, which may be described as: a processor includes a modeling module, an activation module, a first setting module, a second setting module, a configuration module, a solution module, and a processing module. The names of these modules do not in some cases constitute a definition of the module itself, for example, the modeling module may also be described as a "module that creates a geometric model of the arc plasma and meshes the geometric model".
As another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer-readable medium that may be contained in the apparatus described in the above embodiments; or may be separate and not incorporated into the device. The computer readable medium carries one or more programs which, when executed by a device, cause the device to comprise: step S201-step S207.
In summary, the apparatus and method for analyzing arc plasma in a simulation manner according to the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following advantages:
the method can simulate the forming process of a real electric arc, thereby realizing the research on the distribution characteristics of the electric arc plasma with different inlet speeds and providing a method basis for the industrial application design optimization of the electric arc plasma. Meanwhile, the difficulty of measuring the arc characteristics in actual operation is avoided, and the efficiency of engineering application is improved.
The invention has not been described in detail and is in part known to those of skill in the art.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus for simulating an analysis of an arc plasma, comprising:
the modeling module is used for establishing a geometric model of the arc plasma and performing mesh division on the geometric model;
the activation module is used for activating the viscous model label for the geometric model, setting the viscous model label as laminar flow, activating the energy equation label, calling the UDF to add the joule heat item, the electronic enthalpy transport item and the plasma radiation heat loss item into the energy conservation equation and add the Lorentz force into the momentum conservation equation in the form of a source item, and calling the UDS to add a current continuity equation;
the first setting module is used for setting working medium gas for the geometric model and calling UDF to add physical parameters of the working medium gas into a control equation; wherein the governing equations comprise a continuity equation, the conservation of momentum equation, the conservation of energy equation, and a maxwell equation set;
the second setting module is used for setting boundary conditions for the geometric model and setting at least two inlet speeds;
the configuration module is used for setting the solver to be stable state solving, selecting a SIMPLE algorithm by a solving method, selecting a least square difference value based on a unit body by gradient interpolation and dispersing other variables by adopting a second-order windward format; adjusting a relaxation factor of the solver; and dynamically connecting the solver with the control equation;
the solving module is used for solving and calculating the simulation data corresponding to each inlet speed by using the solver to obtain a simulation result of each inlet speed;
and the processing module is used for processing the simulation result and generating an arc temperature distribution map and an arc central axis velocity distribution map which correspond to different inlet velocities.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
the third setting module is used for setting the initial flow field temperature, the initial current density and the iteration steps; wherein the initial flow field temperature is 8000K, and the initial current density is 1.5 x 10-8 A/m2。
3. A method of simulating an analysis of an arc plasma, comprising:
establishing a geometric model of the arc plasma, and carrying out mesh division on the geometric model;
activating a viscous model label for the geometric model and setting the viscous model label as laminar flow, activating an energy equation label, calling UDF in a source item form, adding a joule heat item, an electronic enthalpy transport item and a plasma radiation heat loss item into an energy conservation equation, adding Lorentz force into a momentum conservation equation, and calling a UDS addition current continuity equation;
setting working medium gas for the geometric model, and calling UDF to add physical parameters of the working medium gas into a control equation; wherein the governing equations comprise a continuity equation, the conservation of momentum equation, the conservation of energy equation, and a maxwell equation set;
setting boundary conditions for the geometric model, and setting at least two inlet speeds;
configuring a solver, and enabling the solver to be dynamically connected with the control equation;
the solver carries out solving calculation on the simulation data corresponding to each inlet speed to obtain a simulation result of each inlet speed;
and processing the simulation result to generate an arc temperature distribution diagram and an arc central axis speed distribution diagram corresponding to different inlet speeds.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein establishing a geometric model of the arc plasma and meshing the geometric model comprises:
establishing a two-dimensional axisymmetric geometric model under a cylindrical coordinate system by using ICEM;
dividing the geometric model by adopting structured grids, and enabling the total number of the grids to be smaller than the preset number of the grids;
and importing the geometric model established by ICEM into Fluent.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein providing the working fluid gas for the geometric model and invoking UDF to add physical parameters of the working fluid gas to a control equation comprises:
setting the working medium gas in the geometric model as argon in Fluent, and calling UDF to add the density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, viscosity and electrical conductivity of the argon to the control equation.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein setting boundary conditions for the geometric model comprises:
setting a symmetry axis, a cathode, an anode, a working medium gas inlet, a pressure outlet and corresponding simulation conditions for the geometric model in Fluent; wherein the cathode is set to be a non-slip wall surface and the temperature is 3500K; the anode is set to have no sliding wall surface and the temperature is 1800K; the temperature of the working medium gas inlet is set to be 1000K; the temperature of the pressure outlet is set to 1000K; and the other sides of the geometric model are set to be non-slip wall surfaces and the temperature is 1000K.
7. The method of claim 3, wherein configuring a solver comprises:
selecting a pressure base solver from Fluent;
setting the pressure-based solver as a steady state solution, selecting a SIMPLE algorithm by a solution method, selecting a least square difference value based on a unit body by gradient interpolation, and dispersing other variables by adopting a second-order windward format;
adjusting a relaxation factor of the pressure-based solver; wherein the relaxation factors include a pressure factor, a density factor, a volume force factor, a momentum factor, an energy factor, and uds-0 factors;
setting the residual errors of the continuity equation, the speed in the x direction, the speed in the y direction, the energy conservation equation and uds-0, and setting the dynamic residual errors to be displayed in the calculation process.
8. The method of claim 3,
the solver is used for solving and calculating the simulation data corresponding to each inlet speed, and the method also comprises the following steps:
setting initial flow field temperature, initial current density and iteration steps; wherein the initial flow field temperature is 8000K, and the initial current density is 1.5 x 10-8 A/m2；
And the solver is used for solving and calculating the simulation data corresponding to each inlet speed to obtain a simulation result of each inlet speed, and the method comprises the following steps:
the solver is used for carrying out iterative calculation on the simulation data of each inlet speed based on the initial flow field temperature, the initial current density, the iteration steps, the continuity equation, the momentum conservation equation, the energy conservation equation and the Maxwell equation set to obtain a simulation result of each inlet speed;
and storing the simulation result into a case file and a data file, and outputting data in a text format.
9. An electronic device for simulating an analysis of an arc plasma, comprising:
one or more processors;
a storage device for storing one or more programs,
when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method of any one of claims 3-8.
10. A computer-readable medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method according to any one of claims 3-8.
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