CN112526608A - Deep sea complete sound channel convergence zone classification method based on ray normal wave - Google Patents

Deep sea complete sound channel convergence zone classification method based on ray normal wave Download PDF

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CN112526608A
CN112526608A CN202011278474.4A CN202011278474A CN112526608A CN 112526608 A CN112526608 A CN 112526608A CN 202011278474 A CN202011278474 A CN 202011278474A CN 112526608 A CN112526608 A CN 112526608A
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张明辉
栗子洋
朴胜春
龚李佳
王笑寒
郭俊媛
张海刚
雷亚辉
宋扬
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Harbin Engineering University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a deep sea complete sound channel convergence zone classification method based on ray normal waves. The invention relates to the technical field of classification of a convergence zone of an underwater sound channel of a complete sound channel in deep sea, and the method is based on a ray normal wave to obtain the relation between the horizontal distance and the depth of a sound ray under a specific sound velocity profile; determining the horizontal distance of the sound ray in the convergence zone of the lower inversion point in the complete sound channel of the deep sea according to the relationship between the determined horizontal distance of the sound ray and the depth, and determining the position of the caustic line according to the horizontal distance of the sound ray in the convergence zone of the lower inversion point in the complete sound channel of the sea; and drawing a geometric image of the caustic lines on the pseudo-color image according to the positions of the caustic lines, and comparing the geometric image with a convergence effect area of the propagation loss pseudo-color image to finish the classification of the types of convergence areas in the complete sound channel of the deep sea. The invention aims at the difference of convergence zones in the deep sea complete sound channels according to the types of the focal lines forming the convergence zones, and divides the convergence zones in the deep sea complete sound channels into three types.

Description

Deep sea complete sound channel convergence zone classification method based on ray normal wave
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of deep sea complete sound channel underwater sound channel convergence zone classification, in particular to a deep sea complete sound channel convergence zone classification method based on ray normal waves.
Background
The deep sea convergence zone has important significance for deep sea remote sound transmission, the sound transmission loss in the convergence zone is small, underwater sound detection and communication are facilitated, and a plurality of scholars study the deep sea convergence zone. When the source is located near the sea surface, a caustic line and a convergence zone are formed near the sea surface where the sound intensity is high. The focal line refers to an envelope formed near the intersection point of the sound rays, and the convergence region refers to a high-sound-intensity focal dispersion region formed near the sea surface.
In 1965, uri studied the change in the structure of the convergence zone in the complete vocal tract when the sound source was at different depths, and found that when the sound source became deeper, the observed single convergence zone was split into two half-zones, with the increase in depth, the left half-zone moved to the left and the right half-zone moved to the right, and verified experimentally. Meanwhile, uri also finds that when the sound source is located below the vocal tract axis, a convergence zone can still be formed near the sea surface, and as the depth of the sound source increases, the convergence zone gradually splits into two half-zones.
For the complete vocal tract, the research done by various national scholars at present mostly focuses on the convergence region of the upper inversion point above the vocal tract axis, while the research done on the convergence region below the vocal tract axis is less, and as the underwater sound research gradually goes from the offshore to the open sea, from the shallow sea to the deep sea, the research on the convergence region below the vocal tract axis becomes more important, and there is also a convergence region below the vocal tract axis that can have a higher gain at a long distance, so the classification of the complete vocal tract convergence region in the deep sea is particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the convergence effect below the channel axis found at present, the invention classifies the types of convergence zones in deep sea channels according to the ray normal wave theory, thereby being capable of further researching the convergence zones of various types better and providing the following technical scheme:
a deep sea complete sound channel convergence zone classification method based on ray normal waves comprises the following steps:
step 1: based on the ray normal wave, obtaining the relation between the horizontal distance and the depth of the sound ray under a specific sound velocity profile;
step 2: determining the horizontal distance of the sound ray in the convergence zone of the lower inversion point in the complete sound channel of the deep sea according to the relationship between the determined horizontal distance of the sound ray and the depth, wherein the sound ray in the sea comprises an underwater refraction type, a sea surface reflection type, a sea surface-seabed reflection type and a seabed reflection type;
and step 3: determining the position of a caustic line according to the horizontal distance of sound rays in a convergence zone of a lower inversion point in a sea complete sound channel;
and 4, step 4: and drawing a geometric image of the caustic lines on the pseudo-color image according to the positions of the caustic lines, and comparing the geometric image with a convergence effect area of the propagation loss pseudo-color image to finish the classification of the types of convergence areas in the complete sound channel of the deep sea.
Preferably, the step 1 specifically comprises:
step 1.1: obtaining the relation of the horizontal distance of sound ray under a specific sound velocity profile along with the depth by utilizing a ray normal wave, analyzing a deep sea typical sound velocity profile Munk profile, and expressing a sound velocity model c (z) of the Munk profile according to the following formula:
c(z)＝c0{1+ε[e-η-(1-η)]}
η＝2(z-z0)/B
wherein eta is a Munk sound velocity profile constant, z is a depth, z0Depth of the vocal tract axis, B waveguide width, c0Is a sonic velocity poleSmall value, epsilon is the magnitude of the deviation from the minimum value;
step 1.2: under the condition of layered medium, the x is 0, and the z is zsDetermining an initial angle as alpha0The horizontal distance traveled by the sound ray of (a) is represented by:
Figure BDA0002779926660000021
wherein x is the horizontal distance passed by the sound ray, and zsN (z) ═ c for the depth of the sound source0And/c (z) is a refractive index.
Preferably, for the sound velocity model of the Munk profile, the parameters are: b1000 m, z0＝1000m，c0＝1500m/s，ε＝0.57×10-2。
Preferably, step 2 is specifically:
step 2.1: determining a dimensionless operator F, the dimensionless operator being represented by:
Figure BDA0002779926660000022
wherein, csIs the sound velocity at the sound source;
step 2.2: substituting sound velocity model of Munk profile into formula with initial angle alpha0Calculating the horizontal distance passed by the sound ray to obtain the relation between the horizontal distance of the sound ray track and an operator F, determining the horizontal distance of the sound ray in the first convergence zone, and expressing the horizontal distance of the sound ray in the first convergence zone by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002779926660000023
Figure BDA0002779926660000024
Figure BDA0002779926660000025
Figure BDA0002779926660000026
wherein L isuRepresenting the horizontal distance, L, experienced by the sound ray from the inverted depth of the upper marine environment to the vocal tract axisbRepresenting the horizontal distance that the sound ray experiences from the vocal tract axis to the inverted depth of the underlying marine environment, al represents the depth z due to the sound sourcesAnd the inversion depth z of the upper marine environmentruThe compensation value of the horizontal distance of the sound ray generated by the position difference of the light source is a positive value of delta L for the sound ray emitted from a negative angle, namely the sound ray is emitted upwards from the sound source; for sound rays emitted at a positive angle, namely the sound rays are emitted downwards from a sound source, the delta L takes a negative value; i refers to the region from the upper inversion point to the channel axis, II refers to the region from the channel axis to the lower inversion point, III refers to the region from the lower inversion point to the channel axis, and IV refers to the region from the channel axis to the upper inversion point; z when the sound ray is reflected at the sea surfaceru＝z0Z when the sound ray is reflected at the sea floorrb＝zb；
Step 2.3: determining a horizontal distance at a depth z for a sound ray in a jth convergence zone based on the horizontal distance of the sound ray in the first convergence zone, the horizontal distance R at the depth z for the sound ray in the jth convergence zone being represented byj(z)：
Rj(z)＝2(j-1)(Lu+Lb)+x(z)。
Preferably, the step 3 specifically comprises: sound rays emitted by different initial angles are increased after the horizontal distance at the same depth is reduced, a certain initial angle always exists to enable the horizontal distance to reach a minimum value, a caustic line is formed between an upper layer marine environment reversal point and a lower layer marine environment reversal point, for a certain depth, the minimum value of the horizontal distance of the sound rays is determined to be the position of the caustic line, and the position of the caustic line is represented by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002779926660000031
preferably, the step 4 specifically includes: performing off-line simulation by using sound field calculation software, and dividing the distance and depth space into grids; obtaining a propagation loss pseudo-color image through sound field calculation, drawing a geometric image of a caustic line on the pseudo-color image by using the obtained caustic line position, and comparing the geometric image with a convergence effect area of the propagation loss pseudo-color image, thereby classifying types of convergence areas in a complete sound channel of the deep sea;
and (3) classifying from depth, wherein a convergence zone from the sea surface to the sound source depth is an upper reversal point convergence zone, a convergence zone from the sound source conjugate depth to the sea surface conjugate depth is a lower reversal point convergence zone, and a convergence zone from the sea surface conjugate depth to the sea bottom is a sea surface reflection convergence zone.
Preferably, the grid points in the simulation are spaced apart 10 meters in distance and 5 meters in depth.
Preferably, there are three types of convergence zones in the deep-sea full vocal tract, an upper reversal point convergence zone above the vocal tract axis and a lower reversal point convergence zone below the vocal tract axis and a sea surface reflection convergence zone, respectively.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention aims at the research of the convergence zone of the deep sea complete sound channel, which is concentrated on the convergence zone of the upper reversal point and lacks the classification of other convergence zones, classifies the types of the convergence zones in the deep sea complete sound channel in the depth direction according to the ray normal wave theory, and divides the convergence zones in the deep sea complete sound channel into three types according to different types of the caustic lines forming the convergence zones. The results show that: three types of convergence zones exist in a deep sea complete sound channel, and besides an upper reversal point convergence zone which is positioned above a sound channel shaft and is positioned from the sea surface to the sound source depth, two types of convergence zones also exist below the sound channel shaft, namely a lower reversal point convergence zone which is positioned from the sound source conjugate depth to the sea surface conjugate depth and a sea surface reflection convergence zone which is positioned from the sea surface conjugate depth to the sea bottom.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a deep-sea Munk sound velocity profile;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of three types of sound rays;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a type of a deep-sea complete channel convergence zone.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a deep sea complete sound channel convergence zone classification method based on a radial normal wave, wherein a sea environment is a complete sound channel, that is, a sea bottom sound velocity is greater than a sea surface sound velocity; a deep sea complete sound channel convergence zone classification method based on ray normal waves comprises the following steps:
a deep sea complete sound channel convergence zone classification method based on ray normal waves comprises the following steps:
step 1: based on the ray normal wave, obtaining the relation between the horizontal distance and the depth of the sound ray under a specific sound velocity profile;
the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: obtaining the relation of the horizontal distance of sound ray under a specific sound velocity profile along with the depth by utilizing a ray normal wave, analyzing a deep sea typical sound velocity profile Munk profile, and expressing a sound velocity model c (z) of the Munk profile according to the following formula:
c(z)＝c0{1+ε[e-η-(1-η)]}
η＝2(z-z0)/B
wherein eta is a Munk sound velocity profile constant, z is a depth, z0Depth of the vocal tract axis, B waveguide width, c0Is the sound velocity minimum, and epsilon is the magnitude of deviation from the minimum;
step 1.2: under the condition of layered medium, the x is 0, and the z is zsDetermining an initial angle as alpha0The horizontal distance traveled by the sound ray of (a) is represented by:
Figure BDA0002779926660000051
wherein x is the sound ray passing throughHorizontal distance of (z)sN (z) ═ c for the depth of the sound source0And/c (z) is a refractive index.
For the sound velocity model of the Munk profile, the parameters are as follows: b1000 m, z0＝1000m，c0＝1500m/s，ε＝0.57×10-2。
Step 2: determining the horizontal distance of the sound ray in the convergence zone of the lower inversion point in the complete sound channel of the deep sea according to the relationship between the determined horizontal distance of the sound ray and the depth, wherein the sound ray in the sea comprises an underwater refraction type, a sea surface reflection type, a sea surface-seabed reflection type and a seabed reflection type; refractive index in water (RR) with corresponding acoustic velocity condition cr＜cu，cr＜cb(ii) a (2) Sea surface reflection (RSR) with corresponding sonic velocity condition of cu＜cr≤cb(ii) a (3) Sea-bottom reflection (RSBR) with corresponding sonic velocity condition cr≥cu，cr≥cb(ii) a (4) Sea floor reflection (RBR) with corresponding sonic velocity condition of cb＜cr≤cu. Where the 4 th type of sound ray is not present in the complete channel and is therefore not considered, a schematic diagram of the other three types of sound ray is shown in fig. 2.
The step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: determining a dimensionless operator F, the dimensionless operator being represented by:
Figure BDA0002779926660000052
wherein, csIs the sound velocity at the sound source;
step 2.2: substituting sound velocity model of Munk profile into formula with initial angle alpha0Calculating the horizontal distance passed by the sound ray to obtain the relation between the horizontal distance of the sound ray track and an operator F, determining the horizontal distance of the sound ray in the first convergence zone, and expressing the horizontal distance of the sound ray in the first convergence zone by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002779926660000053
Figure BDA0002779926660000054
Figure BDA0002779926660000055
Figure BDA0002779926660000056
wherein L isuRepresenting the horizontal distance, L, experienced by the sound ray from the inverted depth of the upper marine environment to the vocal tract axisbRepresenting the horizontal distance that the sound ray experiences from the vocal tract axis to the inverted depth of the underlying marine environment, al represents the depth z due to the sound sourcesAnd the inversion depth z of the upper marine environmentruThe compensation value of the horizontal distance of the sound ray generated by the position difference of the light source is a positive value of delta L for the sound ray emitted from a negative angle, namely the sound ray is emitted upwards from the sound source; for sound rays emitted at a positive angle, namely the sound rays are emitted downwards from a sound source, the delta L takes a negative value; i refers to the region from the upper inversion point to the channel axis, II refers to the region from the channel axis to the lower inversion point, III refers to the region from the lower inversion point to the channel axis, and IV refers to the region from the channel axis to the upper inversion point; z when the sound ray is reflected at the sea surfaceru＝z0Z when the sound ray is reflected at the sea floorrb＝zb；
Step 2.3: determining a horizontal distance at a depth z for a sound ray in a jth convergence zone based on the horizontal distance of the sound ray in the first convergence zone, the horizontal distance R at the depth z for the sound ray in the jth convergence zone being represented byj(z)：
Rj(z)＝2(j-1)(Lu+Lb)+x(z)。
And step 3: determining the position of a caustic line according to the horizontal distance of sound rays in a convergence zone of a lower inversion point in a sea complete sound channel;
the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps: sound rays emitted by different initial angles are increased after the horizontal distance at the same depth is reduced, a certain initial angle always exists to enable the horizontal distance to reach a minimum value, a caustic line is formed between an upper layer marine environment reversal point and a lower layer marine environment reversal point, for a certain depth, the minimum value of the horizontal distance of the sound rays is determined to be the position of the caustic line, and the position of the caustic line is represented by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002779926660000061
and 4, step 4: and drawing a geometric image of the caustic lines on the pseudo-color image according to the positions of the caustic lines, and comparing the geometric image with a convergence effect area of the propagation loss pseudo-color image to finish the classification of the types of convergence areas in the complete sound channel of the deep sea.
The step 4 specifically comprises the following steps: performing off-line simulation by using sound field calculation software, and dividing the distance and depth space into grids; obtaining a propagation loss pseudo-color image through sound field calculation, drawing a geometric image of a caustic line on the pseudo-color image by using the obtained caustic line position, and comparing the geometric image with a convergence effect area of the propagation loss pseudo-color image, thereby classifying types of convergence areas in a complete sound channel of the deep sea;
and (3) classifying from depth, wherein a convergence zone from the sea surface to the sound source depth is an upper reversal point convergence zone, a convergence zone from the sound source conjugate depth to the sea surface conjugate depth is a lower reversal point convergence zone, and a convergence zone from the sea surface conjugate depth to the sea bottom is a sea surface reflection convergence zone. The distance between grid points in simulation is 10 m, and the depth interval is 5 m. Three types of convergence zones exist in the deep sea complete sound channel, namely an upper reversal point convergence zone above a sound channel axis, a lower reversal point convergence zone below the sound channel axis and a sea surface reflection convergence zone.
The second embodiment is as follows:
setting sound source depth 500m, selecting an environment with sea depth 5000m for simulation, calculating a propagation loss pseudo-color image under the environment by using sound field calculation software, drawing a focal dispersion line geometric image of a convergence region under the environment according to a focal dispersion line position formula (5) of the convergence region deduced based on a ray normal wave theory, comparing the geometric image with the propagation loss pseudo-color image, and determining that 3 types of convergence regions exist in a complete sound channel of the deep sea, wherein the convergence regions are respectively upper reversal point convergence regions above a sound channel shaft and range from the sea surface to the sound source depth, namely a red circle 1 in fig. 3, a lower reversal point convergence region below the sound channel shaft and range from the sound source conjugate depth to the sea surface conjugate depth, namely a red circle 2 in fig. 3, and a sea surface reflection convergence region below the sound channel shaft and range from the sea surface conjugate depth to the sea bottom, namely a red circle 3 in fig. 3. According to the ray normal wave theory, convergence areas in the deep sea complete vocal tract are divided into three types, and further corresponding researches on the forming mechanisms and characteristics of the three types of convergence areas are facilitated.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the deep-sea complete vocal tract convergence region classification method based on the radial normal wave, and the protection scope of the deep-sea complete vocal tract convergence region classification method based on the radial normal wave is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and variations which do not depart from the gist of the invention will be those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains and which are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A deep sea complete sound channel convergence zone classification method based on ray normal waves is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: based on the ray normal wave, obtaining the relation between the horizontal distance and the depth of the sound ray under a specific sound velocity profile;
step 2: determining the horizontal distance of the sound ray in the convergence zone of the lower inversion point in the complete sound channel of the deep sea according to the relationship between the determined horizontal distance of the sound ray and the depth, wherein the sound ray in the sea comprises an underwater refraction type, a sea surface reflection type, a sea surface-seabed reflection type and a seabed reflection type;
and step 3: determining the position of a caustic line according to the horizontal distance of sound rays in a convergence zone of a lower inversion point in a sea complete sound channel;
and 4, step 4: and drawing a geometric image of the caustic lines on the pseudo-color image according to the positions of the caustic lines, and comparing the geometric image with a convergence effect area of the propagation loss pseudo-color image to finish the classification of the types of convergence areas in the complete sound channel of the deep sea.
2. The method for classifying the deep-sea complete vocal tract convergence zone based on the ray normal wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: obtaining the relation of the horizontal distance of sound ray under a specific sound velocity profile along with the depth by utilizing a ray normal wave, analyzing a deep sea typical sound velocity profile Munk profile, and expressing a sound velocity model c (z) of the Munk profile according to the following formula:
c(z)＝c0{1+ε[e-η-(1-η)]}
η＝2(z-z0)/B
wherein eta is a Munk sound velocity profile constant, z is a depth, z0Depth of the vocal tract axis, B waveguide width, c0Is the sound velocity minimum, and epsilon is the magnitude of deviation from the minimum;
step 1.2: under the condition of layered medium, the x is 0, and the z is zsDetermining an initial angle as alpha0The horizontal distance traveled by the sound ray of (a) is represented by:
Figure FDA0002779926650000011
wherein x is the horizontal distance passed by the sound ray, and zsN (z) ═ c for the depth of the sound source0And/c (z) is a refractive index.
3. The method for classifying the deep-sea complete vocal tract convergence zone based on the ray normal wave as claimed in claim 2, wherein: for the sound velocity model of the Munk profile, the parameters are as follows: b1000 m, z0＝1000m，c0＝1500m/s，ε＝0.57×10-2。
4. The method for classifying the deep-sea complete vocal tract convergence zone based on the ray normal wave as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: determining a dimensionless operator F, the dimensionless operator being represented by:
Figure FDA0002779926650000012
wherein, csIs the sound velocity at the sound source;
step 2.2: substituting sound velocity model of Munk profile into formula with initial angle alpha0Calculating the horizontal distance passed by the sound ray to obtain the relation between the horizontal distance of the sound ray track and an operator F, determining the horizontal distance of the sound ray in the first convergence zone, and expressing the horizontal distance of the sound ray in the first convergence zone by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002779926650000021
Figure FDA0002779926650000022
Figure FDA0002779926650000023
Figure FDA0002779926650000024
wherein L isuRepresenting the horizontal distance, L, experienced by the sound ray from the inverted depth of the upper marine environment to the vocal tract axisbRepresenting the horizontal distance that the sound ray experiences from the vocal tract axis to the inverted depth of the underlying marine environment, al represents the depth z due to the sound sourcesAnd the inversion depth z of the upper marine environmentruThe compensation value of the horizontal distance of the sound ray generated by the position difference of the light source is a positive value of delta L for the sound ray emitted from a negative angle, namely the sound ray is emitted upwards from the sound source; for positive angleOutgoing sound rays, namely the sound rays are emitted downwards from a sound source, and delta L takes a negative value; i refers to the region from the upper inversion point to the channel axis, II refers to the region from the channel axis to the lower inversion point, III refers to the region from the lower inversion point to the channel axis, and IV refers to the region from the channel axis to the upper inversion point; z when the sound ray is reflected at the sea surfaceru＝z0Z when the sound ray is reflected at the sea floorrb＝zb；
Step 2.3: determining a horizontal distance at a depth z for a sound ray in a jth convergence zone based on the horizontal distance of the sound ray in the first convergence zone, the horizontal distance R at the depth z for the sound ray in the jth convergence zone being represented byj(z)：
Rj(z)＝2(j-1)(Lu+Lb)+x(z)。
5. The method for classifying the deep-sea complete vocal tract convergence zone based on the ray normal wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps: sound rays emitted by different initial angles are increased after the horizontal distance at the same depth is reduced, a certain initial angle always exists to enable the horizontal distance to reach a minimum value, a caustic line is formed between an upper layer marine environment reversal point and a lower layer marine environment reversal point, for a certain depth, the minimum value of the horizontal distance of the sound rays is determined to be the position of the caustic line, and the position of the caustic line is represented by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002779926650000031
6. the method for classifying the deep-sea complete vocal tract convergence zone based on the ray normal wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step 4 specifically comprises the following steps: performing off-line simulation by using sound field calculation software, and dividing the distance and depth space into grids; obtaining a propagation loss pseudo-color image through sound field calculation, drawing a geometric image of a caustic line on the pseudo-color image by using the obtained caustic line position, and comparing the geometric image with a convergence effect area of the propagation loss pseudo-color image, thereby classifying types of convergence areas in a complete sound channel of the deep sea;
and (3) classifying from depth, wherein a convergence zone from the sea surface to the sound source depth is an upper reversal point convergence zone, a convergence zone from the sound source conjugate depth to the sea surface conjugate depth is a lower reversal point convergence zone, and a convergence zone from the sea surface conjugate depth to the sea bottom is a sea surface reflection convergence zone.
7. The method for classifying the deep-sea complete vocal tract convergence zone based on the ray normal wave as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the distance between grid points in simulation is 10 m, and the depth interval is 5 m.
8. The method for classifying the deep-sea complete vocal tract convergence zone based on the ray normal wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein: three types of convergence zones exist in the deep sea complete sound channel, namely an upper reversal point convergence zone above a sound channel axis, a lower reversal point convergence zone below the sound channel axis and a sea surface reflection convergence zone.
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