CN112526582A - High-space-time resolution imaging system for fast electrons in Tokamak plasma - Google Patents
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- CN112526582A CN112526582A CN201910886487.0A CN201910886487A CN112526582A CN 112526582 A CN112526582 A CN 112526582A CN 201910886487 A CN201910886487 A CN 201910886487A CN 112526582 A CN112526582 A CN 112526582A
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium iodide Chemical compound [I-].[Cs+] XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 claims 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005461 Bremsstrahlung Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003032 molecular docking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011553 magnetic fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
- G01T1/2914—Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/05—Thermonuclear fusion reactors with magnetic or electric plasma confinement
- G21B1/057—Tokamaks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid electron high space-time resolution imaging system in a tokamak plasma, which comprises a small-hole imaging probe, a vacuum sealing pipeline, an image transmission system and an image enhancement and acquisition system. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention effectively solves the problems of the existing Tokamak plasma fast electron imaging measurement system, improves the space-time resolution of the measurement result, can also improve the measurement precision and reliability, and is very suitable for the high space-time evolution image measurement of the Tokamak plasma fast electrons.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a nuclear measurement system, and particularly relates to a fast electron high-space-time resolution imaging measurement system in a Tokamak plasma, which is particularly suitable for a fast electron imaging measurement system of a magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device.
Background
Under the conditions of annular electric field acceleration, radio frequency wave heating and current driving, a large number of fast electrons are generated in the magnetic confinement nuclear fusion plasma, and the fast electrons can excite the instability of the magnetic fluid, so that the plasma confinement quality is reduced. In addition, the fast electrons enter an escape area under the acceleration of the annular electric field to become escape electrons, the generation of a large number of escape electrons can cause the formation of escape electron beams, and the escape electron beams can pose a great threat to the safe operation of the device when being lost out of the first wall of the plasma bombardment device. Therefore, the fast electron research of tokamak plasma is one of the major issues at present. The plasma fast electron measurement system is the basis for developing relevant physical experiment research.
The fast electrons in the plasma generate bremsstrahlung due to coulomb collisions, thereby generating hard X-ray radiation. These hard X-rays carry rich and fast electronic information, such as: the energy distribution of fast electrons, the helix angle of fast electron motion, the generation, confinement and loss of fast electron groups, and the like. At present, the Tokamak plasma fast electron imaging measurement adopts a plurality of hard X-ray detector arrays to carry out chromatography inversion calculation on measurement data to obtain a fast electron image. The current fast electronic imaging measurement system has the following problems: (1) the spatial resolution is low, since the hard X-ray detector array consists of individual detectors, which have a certain volume, thus limiting the spatial resolution of the measurement system; (2) the time resolution is low, the hard X-ray detector usually adopts a semiconductor detector, the counting rate is in the order of 105cps, and the time resolution of fast electronic imaging is low due to the fact that the counting rate of the detector is limited; (3) the measurement precision is low, certain conditions are assumed during the chromatographic inversion calculation, and the obtained fast electronic image is not completely consistent with the actual situation, so that the measurement result precision is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fast electron high-space-time resolution imaging system in a Tokamak plasma, which can effectively solve the problems of the existing fast electron imaging measurement system, improve the space-time resolution of a measurement result, and simultaneously improve the measurement precision and reliability.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a high-space-time resolution imaging system of fast electrons in Tokamak plasma comprises a small-hole imaging probe, a vacuum sealing pipeline, an image transmission system and an image enhancement and acquisition system.
The small-hole imaging probe comprises an incident hole, a shielding protection box, a scintillator screen, a quartz substrate, a fixing flange, a vacuum sealing flange and a bolt, wherein the incident hole is positioned at the center of the front end face of the shielding protection box, the scintillator screen is electroplated and deposited on the quartz substrate, the scintillator screen and the quartz substrate are fixed through the fixing flange, the front end and the rear end of the fixing flange are respectively connected with the shielding protection box and the vacuum sealing flange, and the bolt fixes the vacuum sealing flange.
The diameter phi of the entry hole is 5mm, and the length is 10 mm; the shielding and protecting box is made of 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel, the thickness of the shielding and protecting box is 10mm, the shielding and protecting box is a hollow cylinder, the inner diameter of the hollow cylinder is phi 50mm, and the length of the hollow cylinder is 50 mm; the scintillator screen is circular, has the diameter phi of 50mm and the thickness of 500 mu m, and is made of cesium iodide; the quartz substrate is round, has the diameter phi of 51mm and the thickness of 1mm, and is made of quartz; the diameter of the fixed flange is phi 50mm, and the material is 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel; the diameter of the vacuum sealing flange is phi 100mm, and the vacuum sealing flange is made of 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel; the diameter of the bolt is phi 8mm, and the material is 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel.
The image enhancement and acquisition system comprises an image enhancer, a relay lens and a high-speed visible light camera, wherein the front end of the image enhancer is coupled with the fixed rear end face of the optical fiber bundle, the rear end of the image enhancer is connected with the relay lens, and the rear end of the relay lens is coupled with the high-speed visible light camera.
The gain factor 10 of the image intensifier6(ii) a The model of the relay lens is Schottky 1650 and C interface; model number of high-speed visible light camera Phantom V1610-32GB, pixel 1280 × 800, full pixel frame rate 15 kfps.
The image transmission system comprises an imaging lens, an optical fiber bundle fixed front end face, an imaging optical fiber bundle and an optical fiber bundle fixed rear end face, wherein the imaging lens is coupled with the imaging optical fiber bundle through the optical fiber bundle fixed front end face, and the optical fiber bundle fixed rear end face is connected with the rear end of the imaging optical fiber bundle.
The focal length of the imaging lens is 50mm, the maximum aperture F is 1.4, and the lens filter is 67 mm; the diameter phi of the fixed front end face of the optical fiber bundle is 30mm, the length is 20mm, and the material is 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel; the diameter phi of the imaging optical fiber bundle is 30mm, the length is 2m, and the number of pixels is 30 ten thousand; the diameter phi of the fixed rear end face of the optical fiber bundle is 30mm, the length is 20mm, and the material is 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel.
The vacuum sealing pipeline comprises an insulating butt flange, a vacuum pipeline and a vacuum sealing fixing sleeve, the front end of the insulating butt flange is connected with the vacuum sealing flange, the rear end of the insulating butt flange is connected with the vacuum pipeline, and the rear end of the vacuum pipeline is connected with the vacuum sealing fixing sleeve.
The diameter of the insulating butt flange is phi 80mm, and the insulating butt flange is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
The diameter of the vacuum pipeline is phi 80mm, the length of the vacuum pipeline is 150mm, and the vacuum pipeline is made of 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel; the diameter phi of the vacuum sealing fixed sleeve is 80mm, the length is 50mm, and the material is 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention effectively solves the problems of the existing Tokamak plasma fast electron imaging measurement system, improves the space-time resolution of the measurement result, can also improve the measurement precision and reliability, and is very suitable for the high space-time evolution image measurement of the Tokamak plasma fast electrons.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fast electron high spatial-temporal resolution imaging system in Tokamak plasma provided by the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a perforating hole 1, a shielding protection box 2, a scintillator screen 3, a quartz substrate 4, a fixing flange 5, a vacuum sealing flange 6, a bolt 7, an insulating butt flange 8, a vacuum pipeline 9, an imaging lens 10, an optical fiber bundle fixing front end face 11, a vacuum sealing fixing sleeve 12, an imaging optical fiber bundle 13, an optical fiber bundle fixing rear end face 14, an image intensifier 15, a relay lens 16 and a high-speed visible light camera 17.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
The current tokamak plasma fast electronic imaging measurement system mainly has three problems: low spatial resolution, low temporal resolution and low measurement accuracy. In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a high space-time resolution imaging system for fast electrons in Tokamak plasma.
As shown in fig. 1, the fast electron high space-time resolution imaging system in tokamak plasma comprises: the device comprises an entrance hole 1, a shielding protection box 2, a scintillator screen 3, a quartz substrate 4, a fixing flange 5, a vacuum sealing flange 6, a bolt 7, an insulating butt flange 8, a vacuum pipeline 9, an imaging lens 10, an optical fiber bundle fixing front end face 11, a vacuum sealing fixing sleeve 12, an imaging optical fiber bundle 13, an optical fiber bundle fixing rear end face 14, an image intensifier 15, a relay lens 16 and a high-speed visible light camera 17. The high-time-space resolution imaging measurement of fast electrons in the Tokamak plasma is realized through a small-hole imaging probe, a vacuum sealing pipeline, an image transmission system and an image enhancement and acquisition system.
As shown in fig. 1, the pinhole imaging probe can convert a hard X-ray image radiated by fast electron bremsstrahlung into a visible light image, and specifically includes: the device comprises an inlet hole 1, a shielding protection box 2, a scintillator screen 3, a quartz substrate 4, a fixing flange 5, a vacuum sealing flange 6 and bolts 7. The entry hole 1 is located the center of shielding protection box 2 preceding terminal surface, and scintillator screen 3 electroplating deposit is on quartz substrate 4, and scintillator screen 3 and quartz substrate 4 are fixed by mounting flange 5, and mounting flange 5's front end and rear end are connected with shielding protection box 2 and vacuum seal flange 6 respectively, and bolt 7 is located vacuum seal flange 6 and is used for fixed and vacuum seal.
Wherein the diameter phi of the entry hole 1 is 5mm, and the length is 10 mm; the shielding and protecting box 2 is made of 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel, has the thickness of 10mm, is a hollow cylinder, and has the inner diameter phi of 50mm and the length of 50 mm; the scintillator screen 3 is circular, has the diameter phi of 50mm and the thickness of 500 mu m, and is made of cesium iodide; the quartz substrate 4 is round, has the diameter phi of 51mm and the thickness of 1mm, and is made of quartz; the diameter of the fixed flange 5 is phi 50mm, and the material is 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel; the diameter of the vacuum sealing flange 6 is phi 100mm, and the material is 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel; the diameter of the bolt 7 is phi 8mm, and the material is 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel.
The vacuum pipeline at the rear end of the small-hole imaging probe is coaxially connected.
As shown in fig. 1, the vacuum sealed pipe is used for docking and insulating a fast electronic imaging system and a device, and transmitting an imaging optical path image, and specifically includes: an insulating docking flange 8, a vacuum pipe 9 and a vacuum-tight fixing sleeve 12. The front end of the insulating butt flange 8 is connected with the vacuum sealing flange 6, the rear end of the insulating butt flange 8 is connected with the vacuum pipeline 9, and the rear end of the vacuum pipeline 9 is connected with the vacuum sealing fixing sleeve 12.
The diameter of the insulating butt flange 8 is phi 80mm, and the material is polytetrafluoroethylene; the diameter of the vacuum pipeline 9 is phi 80mm, the length is 150mm, and the material is 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel; the vacuum sealing fixed sleeve 12 has a diameter phi of 80mm and a length of 50mm, and is made of 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel.
The rear end of the vacuum pipeline is connected with an image transmission system.
As shown in fig. 1, the image transmission system realizes transmission of a visible light image generated by a scintillator screen, and specifically includes: the imaging lens 10, the optical fiber bundle fixing front end face 11, the imaging optical fiber bundle 13 and the optical fiber bundle fixing rear end face 14. The imaging lens 10 is coupled with the imaging optical fiber bundle 13 through the optical fiber bundle fixing front end face 11, and the optical fiber bundle fixing rear end face 14 is connected with the rear end of the imaging optical fiber bundle 13.
Wherein, the focal length of the imaging lens 10 is 50mm, the maximum aperture F is 1.4, and the lens filter is 67 mm; the diameter phi of the fixed front end face 11 of the optical fiber bundle is 30mm, the length is 20mm, and the material is 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel; the diameter phi of the imaging optical fiber bundle 13 is 30mm, the length is 2m, and the number of pixels is 30 ten thousand; the fixed rear end face 14 of the optical fiber bundle has the diameter phi of 30mm and the length of 20mm, and is made of 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel.
The back end of the image transmission system is connected with the image enhancement and acquisition system.
As shown in fig. 1, the image enhancement and acquisition system implements enhancement and acquisition of a fast electronic image, and specifically includes: an image intensifier 15, a relay lens 16, and a high-speed visible light camera 17. The front end of the image intensifier 15 is coupled with the fixed rear end face 14 of the optical fiber bundle, the rear end is connected with the relay lens 16, and the rear end of the relay lens 16 is coupled with the high-speed visible light camera 17.
Wherein the gain factor 10 of the image intensifier 156(ii) a The model schottky IG1650, C interface of the relay mirror 16; model number of high-speed visible light camera Phantom V1610-32GB, pixel 1280 × 800, full pixel frame rate 15 kfps.
The invention realizes the high space-time resolution imaging of fast electrons in a magnetic confinement nuclear fusion plasma body, and the principle is as follows: x rays emitted by fast electrons in the plasma are imaged and transmitted to a scintillator screen 3 through a small hole of an incidence hole 1, the X rays are converted into visible light by the scintillator screen, then enter an image intensifier 15 through an imaging lens 10 and an imaging optical fiber beam 13, and enter a high-speed visible light camera 17 after image intensification to obtain a fast electron high-space-time resolution image in the plasma. The invention effectively solves the problems of the existing tokamak plasma fast electron imaging measurement system, and is very suitable for the high spatial and temporal evolution measurement of the tokamak plasma fast electrons.
Claims (10)
1. The high space-time resolution imaging system of fast electron in tokamak plasma is characterized in that: the device comprises a small-hole imaging probe, a vacuum sealing pipeline, an image transmission system and an image enhancement and acquisition system.
2. The tokamak plasma in-vivo fast electron high space-time resolution imaging system of claim 1, wherein: the small-hole imaging probe comprises an inlet hole (1), a shielding protection box (2), a scintillator screen (3), a quartz substrate (4), a fixing flange (5), a vacuum sealing flange (6) and a bolt (7), wherein the inlet hole (1) is located in the center of the front end face of the shielding protection box (2), the scintillator screen (3) is electroplated and deposited on the quartz substrate (4), the scintillator screen (3) and the quartz substrate (4) are fixed through the fixing flange (5), the front end and the rear end of the fixing flange (5) are respectively connected with the shielding protection box (2) and the vacuum sealing flange (6), and the bolt (7) fixes the vacuum sealing flange (6).
3. The tokamak plasma in-vivo fast electron high space-time resolution imaging system of claim 2, wherein: the diameter phi of the entry hole (1) is 5mm, and the length is 10 mm; the shielding protection box (2) is made of 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel, has the thickness of 10mm, is a hollow cylinder, and has the inner diameter phi of 50mm and the length of 50 mm; the scintillator screen (3) is circular, has the diameter phi of 50mm and the thickness of 500 mu m, and is made of cesium iodide; the quartz substrate (4) is circular, has the diameter phi of 51mm and the thickness of 1mm, and is made of quartz; the diameter of the fixed flange (5) is phi 50mm, and the material is 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel; the diameter of the vacuum sealing flange (6) is phi 100mm, and the material is 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel; the diameter of the bolt (7) is phi 8mm, and the material is 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel.
4. The tokamak plasma in-vivo fast electron high space-time resolution imaging system of claim 1, wherein: the image enhancement and acquisition system comprises an image enhancer (15), a relay lens (16) and a high-speed visible light camera (17), wherein the front end of the image enhancer (15) is coupled with the fixed rear end face (14) of the optical fiber bundle, the rear end of the image enhancer (15) is connected with the relay lens (16), and the rear end of the relay lens (16) is coupled with the high-speed visible light camera (17).
5. The tokamak plasma in-vivo fast electron high space-time resolution imaging system of claim 4, wherein: -a gain factor 106 of said image intensifier (15); the model of the relay lens (16) is Schottky 1650 and C interface; model number Phantom V1610-32GB, pixel 1280 x 800, full pixel frame rate 15kfps of the high-speed visible light camera (17).
6. The tokamak plasma in-vivo fast electron high space-time resolution imaging system of claim 1, wherein: the image transmission system comprises an imaging lens (10), an optical fiber bundle fixing front end face (11), an imaging optical fiber bundle (13) and an optical fiber bundle fixing rear end face (14), wherein the imaging lens (10) is coupled with the imaging optical fiber bundle (13) through the optical fiber bundle fixing front end face (11), and the optical fiber bundle fixing rear end face (14) is connected with the rear end of the imaging optical fiber bundle (13).
7. The tokamak plasma in-vivo fast electron high space-time resolution imaging system of claim 6, wherein: the focal length of the imaging lens (10) is 50mm, the maximum aperture F is 1.4, and the lens filter is 67 mm; the diameter phi of the fixed front end face (11) of the optical fiber bundle is 30mm, the length is 20mm, and the material is 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel; the diameter phi of the imaging optical fiber bundle (13) is 30mm, the length is 2m, and the number of pixels is 30 ten thousand; the diameter phi of the fixed rear end face (14) of the optical fiber bundle is 30mm, the length is 20mm, and the material is 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel.
8. The tokamak plasma in-vivo fast electron high space-time resolution imaging system of claim 1, wherein: the vacuum sealing pipeline comprises an insulating butt flange (8), a vacuum pipeline (9) and a vacuum sealing fixing sleeve (12), the front end of the insulating butt flange (8) is connected with the vacuum sealing flange (6), the rear end of the insulating butt flange (8) is connected with the vacuum pipeline (9), and the rear end of the vacuum pipeline (9) is connected with the vacuum sealing fixing sleeve (12).
9. The tokamak plasma in-vivo fast electron high space-time resolution imaging system of claim 8, wherein: the diameter phi of the insulating butt flange (8) is 80mm, and the insulating butt flange is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
10. The tokamak plasma in-vivo fast electron high space-time resolution imaging system of claim 8, wherein: the diameter of the vacuum pipeline (9) is phi 80mm, the length of the vacuum pipeline is 150mm, and the vacuum pipeline is made of 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel; the diameter phi of the vacuum sealing fixed sleeve (12) is 80mm, the length is 50mm, and the material is 304 nonmagnetic stainless steel.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113093264A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-09 | 北京大学 | Ion beam detector |
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| CN113093264B (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2024-04-30 | 北京大学 | Ion beam detector |
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