CN112525829A - Heavy metal content detection equipment - Google Patents
Heavy metal content detection equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN112525829A CN112525829A CN202010359615.9A CN202010359615A CN112525829A CN 112525829 A CN112525829 A CN 112525829A CN 202010359615 A CN202010359615 A CN 202010359615A CN 112525829 A CN112525829 A CN 112525829A
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
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Abstract
The invention relates to heavy metal content detection equipment. The heavy metal content detection equipment acquires the spectral information of the carrier to be detected by adopting the spectral information acquisition system, the receiving system and the processing system, and can acquire the category of the carrier to be detected and the heavy metal content corresponding to the category by further processing the spectral information, so that the acquisition efficiency of the whole heavy metal content is obviously improved. Moreover, based on the specific structure of the heavy metal content detection equipment provided by the invention, the heavy metal content detection equipment can be further obtained and has the characteristics of simple structure and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heavy metal detection, in particular to heavy metal content detection equipment.
Background
Excessive accumulation of heavy metals in carriers such as soil, water, plants and the like can finally harm human health through different ways. Therefore, monitoring the content of heavy metals in different carriers is essential.
Traditional heavy metal content information is mainly obtained through on-site sampling-laboratory physicochemical property analysis and other ways, so that a large amount of economic cost is consumed, time and labor are wasted, and meanwhile, the ecological environment is easily damaged by difficulty in reversion.
In recent years, due to the characteristics of rapidness, high efficiency, economy, no damage and the like, the hyperspectral imaging technology is widely applied to the field of soil heavy metal content monitoring, but has certain limitations. Firstly, the indoor spectrometer still needs to collect a small amount of samples, spectral information is measured by a laboratory instrument, and the heavy metal content can be obtained after modeling analysis, and the indoor environment and the outdoor environment have great difference and are difficult to reflect the real heavy metal pollution condition; secondly, the coverage area of the airborne or satellite-borne high-speed spectrograph is not comprehensive, the acquired atlas information is redundant and complicated, certain preprocessing is needed, and the acquired information has hysteresis; finally, the two spectrometers are difficult to be used by people other than professionals due to low portability, complex structure, high measurement conditions and the like, and are low in popularization.
In summary, it is a technical problem to be solved urgently in the art to provide a heavy metal content detection device which can obtain heavy metal content information in real time and has the characteristic of simple structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide heavy metal content detection equipment which has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost and the like and can improve the acquisition efficiency of heavy metal content.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a heavy metal content detection apparatus comprising:
the spectrum information acquisition system is used for acquiring the spectrum information of the heavy metal in the carrier to be detected;
the receiving system is connected with the spectral information acquisition system and is used for preprocessing the spectral information and determining the category of the carrier to be detected;
and the processing system is connected with the receiving system and used for determining the content of the heavy metal in the carrier to be detected according to the preprocessed spectral information.
Optionally, the spectral information acquiring system includes:
the probe is used for detecting the light wave of the heavy metal in the carrier to be detected;
the grating light splitting device is connected with the probe and is used for performing diffraction light splitting on the light waves to obtain a spectral band;
and the detection device is connected with the grating light splitting device and is used for acquiring spectral information in the spectral band.
Optionally, the receiving system includes:
the spectrum optimization device is used for optimizing the spectral band and extracting spectral information in the optimized spectral band; the optimization process comprises the following steps: repairing a bad line, removing stripes and decomposing mixed pixels;
the preprocessing device is connected with the spectrum optimizing device and is used for preprocessing the extracted spectrum information; the pretreatment comprises the following steps: abnormal value elimination, smoothing processing and noise reduction processing.
Optionally, the processing system is a computer.
Optionally, the heavy metal content detection device further includes:
and the visualization system is connected with the processing system and is used for displaying the category of the carrier to be detected and the content of the heavy metal, which are sent by the processing system.
Optionally, the visualization system comprises:
the transmission device is used for wirelessly transmitting the category of the carrier to be detected and the content of the heavy metal;
and the user terminal is in wireless connection with the transmission device and is used for receiving and displaying the category of the carrier to be detected and the content of the heavy metal.
Optionally, the transmission device is a bluetooth module.
Optionally, the user terminal is a mobile phone, a tablet computer or a notebook computer.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: according to the heavy metal content detection device provided by the invention, the spectrum information of the carrier to be detected is obtained by adopting the spectrum information obtaining system, the receiving system and the processing system, and the category of the carrier to be detected and the heavy metal content corresponding to the carrier to be detected can be obtained by further processing the spectrum information, so that the whole heavy metal content obtaining efficiency is obviously improved. Moreover, based on the specific structure of the heavy metal content detection equipment provided by the invention, the heavy metal content detection equipment can be further obtained and has the characteristics of simple structure and low cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a heavy metal content detection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a spectral information acquisition system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiving system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of the operation of the heavy metal content detection apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-charging port, 2-power supply, 3-spectral information acquisition system, 4-receiving system, 5-processing system, 6-visualization system, 31-probe, 32-grating light splitting device, 41-spectral optimization device, 42-preprocessing device, 51-measuring and calculating device, 61-transmission device and 62-user terminal.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide heavy metal content detection equipment which has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost and the like and can improve the acquisition efficiency of heavy metal content.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a heavy metal content detection apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the heavy metal content detection apparatus includes: a spectral information acquisition system 3, a receiving system 4 and a processing system 5.
The spectrum information acquisition system 3 is used for acquiring the spectrum information of the heavy metal in the carrier to be detected by utilizing a hyperspectral imaging technology.
And the receiving system 4 is connected with the spectral information acquisition system 3 and is used for preprocessing the spectral information and determining the category of the carrier to be detected.
And the processing system 5 is connected with the receiving system 4 and is used for determining the content of the heavy metal in the carrier to be detected according to the preprocessed spectral information.
As shown in fig. 2, the spectral information acquisition system 3 includes: a probe 31, a grating spectrometer 32 and a detection device.
The light wave on the carrier to be detected passes through the detection probe 31 and is subjected to diffraction light splitting through the grating light splitting device 32, and the original composite light with different wavelengths is dispersed into independent monochromatic light. The monochromatic light is sequentially sequenced from large to small according to the wavelength to form a spectral band, and then the spectral information in the spectral band is obtained through a detection device.
As shown in fig. 3, the receiving system 4 includes: a spectral optimization device 41 and a pre-processing device 42.
The spectrum optimization device 41 is used for performing optimization processing such as bad line repair, stripe removal, mixed pixel decomposition and the like on the spectral band, and extracting effective spectral information in the optimized spectral band.
And a preprocessing device 42 connected to the spectrum optimization device 41, for performing preprocessing such as abnormal value elimination, smoothing processing and noise reduction processing on the spectrum information in the extracted spectrum band, and storing the preprocessed spectrum data. After the treatment, the category of the carrier to be detected needs to be identified as soil, water, vegetation or other.
The whole pretreatment process specifically comprises the following steps: the method combines a standardized numerical value (Z-score) and a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), further screens out a spectrum outlier, namely the outlier is removed as an abnormal value on the basis of optimizing a spectral band, and ensures the accuracy of a sample and a prediction result. And performing noise reduction convolution smoothing processing on the rejected spectral data by combining median filtering and a Savitzky-Golay smoothing method. On this basis, the spectral data was resampled at intervals of 10nm as the basis data for the transformation. The basic data, namely the reflectivity of the original spectrum, is subjected to the transformation of different forms such as reflectivity first order differential, reflectivity second order differential, absorbance transformation, absorbance first order differential, absorbance second order differential, Multivariate Scattering Correction (MSC), Standard Normal Variable (SNV) and the like, so that the spectrum translation caused by moisture absorption can be eliminated to a certain extent, the spectrum information is amplified, the colinearity among the spectrum data is improved, the overfitting is prevented, and the stability of the model is improved. Generally, the whole preprocessing process can be automatically completed by adopting preset program codes.
The processing system 5 comprises a measuring and calculating device 51 implanted with a heavy metal content measuring and calculating model so as to automatically run a pre-programmed algorithm code input program to complete accurate estimation of the content.
The heavy metal content measuring and calculating model is mainly divided into a linear model and a nonlinear model. Linear models include, but are not limited to: multivariate stepwise regression models, least squares models, principal component regression models, and the like. Non-linear models include, but are not limited to: a neural network model, a random forest model, a support vector machine model, an extreme learning machine model and the like.
The processing system 5 automatically selects an optimal model according to the target heavy metal elements to be detected. The optimal model takes the spectrum data screened and preprocessed by the receiving system 4 as input data and takes the heavy metal content as output data, and the process is automatically finished based on preset program codes.
Also, the processing system 5 may be replaced by a computer to perform the autonomous operation of the program code.
The heavy metal content detection equipment further comprises: and the visualization system 6 is connected with the processing system 5 and is used for displaying the category of the carrier to be detected and the content of the heavy metal, which are sent by the processing system 5.
Wherein the visualization system 6 comprises: a transmission device 61 and a user terminal 62.
The transmission device 61 is used for wirelessly transmitting the category of the carrier to be detected and the content of the heavy metal.
And the user terminal 62 is wirelessly connected with the transmission device 61 and is used for receiving and displaying the category of the carrier to be detected and the content of the heavy metal.
Wherein, the transmission device 61 is a bluetooth module. The user terminal 62 is a mobile phone, a tablet computer or a notebook computer.
In the user terminal, data such as a background value and a recommended daily intake can be preset in advance to be compared with the result obtained by the processing system 5, and a reasonable recommendation can be provided according to the comparison result.
The background value can be input into the soil element background value data issued by a certain country or region and can be replaced according to the latest research result. The daily intake value is suggested to be input into corresponding data according to reasonable supply standards established by countries according to research progress and the dietary conditions of people in the country.
The comparison with the results of the processing system 5 is as follows: (1) the average Pb content of a plurality of soils in a certain area calculated by the processing system 5 is 5mg/kg, and the preset Pb background value is 35mg/kg, so that the area is considered to have no Pb pollution phenomenon. (2) The processing system 5 calculates the Zn content of one vegetable to be 3mg, whereas a preset Zn recommendation of 15mg per day would require 5 vegetables to be eaten per day.
Therefore, reasonable pollution prevention suggestions or scientific dietary structure suggestions can be given on the user terminal according to the results.
In addition, in order to facilitate carrying and application of the whole heavy metal content detection device, a charging port 1 and a power supply 2 can be further installed on the heavy metal content detection device. Wherein the charging port 1 is used for supplementing electric energy for the whole heavy metal acquisition equipment, and the power supply 2 is used for providing electric energy for the whole equipment.
The whole working flow of the heavy metal content detection equipment provided by the invention is shown in fig. 4: when the heavy metal content needs to be detected, the equipment power supply 2 is started, the spectrum information acquisition system 3 starts to work, the probe 31 shoots carrier information, the carrier information is diffracted and dispersed by the grating light-splitting device 32 to form a spectrum band, and the spectrum information is output to the receiving system 4. The receiving system 4 optimizes and preprocesses the spectrum information acquired by the spectrum information acquiring system 3, classifies the carrier to be detected, performs abnormal value elimination, smoothing and noise reduction processing on the spectrum through an algorithm, and feeds back the result to the processing system 5. The processing system 5 measures and calculates the content of heavy metals by adopting a preset calculation model, transmits the measurement and calculation result to the user terminal through the transmission device 61 so as to reflect the specific content information of the heavy metals, can compare the specific content information with related indexes, provides rationalization suggestions, and closes the power supply 2 of the equipment after detection is finished.
Based on the scheme, the heavy metal content detection equipment provided by the invention is based on a hyperspectral imaging technology. The device and the method combine the response relation between the heavy metal and the spectrum to realize the instant acquisition of the heavy metal content, effectively solve the problems of time and labor waste, low efficiency, high cost and the like of the traditional sampling method, have the characteristics of simple operation and timely information acquisition, and have higher popularization and application values.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A heavy metal content detection apparatus, comprising:
the spectrum information acquisition system is used for acquiring the spectrum information of the heavy metal in the carrier to be detected;
the receiving system is connected with the spectral information acquisition system and is used for preprocessing the spectral information and determining the category of the carrier to be detected;
and the processing system is connected with the receiving system and used for determining the content of the heavy metal in the carrier to be detected according to the preprocessed spectral information.
2. The heavy metal content detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the spectral information acquisition system includes:
the probe is used for detecting the light wave of the heavy metal in the carrier to be detected;
the grating light splitting device is connected with the probe and is used for performing diffraction light splitting on the light waves to obtain a spectral band;
and the detection device is connected with the grating light splitting device and is used for acquiring spectral information in the spectral band.
3. The heavy metal content detection apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the receiving system comprises:
the spectrum optimization device is used for optimizing the spectral band and extracting spectral information in the optimized spectral band; the optimization process comprises the following steps: repairing a bad line, removing stripes and decomposing mixed pixels;
the preprocessing device is connected with the spectrum optimizing device and is used for preprocessing the extracted spectrum information; the pretreatment comprises the following steps: abnormal value elimination, smoothing processing and noise reduction processing.
4. The heavy metal content detection device according to claim 1, wherein the processing system is a computer.
5. The heavy metal content detection apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
and the visualization system is connected with the processing system and is used for displaying the category of the carrier to be detected and the content of the heavy metal, which are sent by the processing system.
6. The heavy metal content detection apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the visualization system comprises:
the transmission device is used for wirelessly transmitting the category of the carrier to be detected and the content of the heavy metal;
and the user terminal is in wireless connection with the transmission device and is used for receiving and displaying the category of the carrier to be detected and the content of the heavy metal.
7. The heavy metal content detection device according to claim 6, wherein the transmission device is a Bluetooth module.
8. The heavy metal content detection device according to claim 6, wherein the user terminal is a mobile phone, a tablet computer or a notebook computer.
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Application publication date: 20210319 |