CN112525673B - Self-centering anti-bending and anti-twisting high-temperature clamp bearing axial tensile load - Google Patents
Self-centering anti-bending and anti-twisting high-temperature clamp bearing axial tensile load Download PDFInfo
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- CN112525673B CN112525673B CN202011226625.1A CN202011226625A CN112525673B CN 112525673 B CN112525673 B CN 112525673B CN 202011226625 A CN202011226625 A CN 202011226625A CN 112525673 B CN112525673 B CN 112525673B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
- G01N2203/0423—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils using screws
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Abstract
The invention relates to a self-centering anti-bending and anti-twisting high-temperature clamp for bearing an axial tensile load, which adopts a rotary support elliptical ball head to be in contact fit with a curved surface of a bearing block elliptical cavity, so that the relative sliding and rotating functions of the rotary support elliptical ball head and the bearing block elliptical cavity can be realized, when the coaxiality of a testing machine, the clamp and a sample to be tested is inconsistent, the coaxiality of a loading line can be automatically realized through the coordination of sliding and rotating, meanwhile, unexpected bending moment and torque are effectively avoided, a large amount of coaxiality centering work is saved, and the testing efficiency is effectively improved. In addition, aiming at flat plate samples with different thicknesses and round bar samples with different diameters, transition clamps with different pin holes and internal thread holes can be designed to carry out high-temperature tests, and the test device is simple, convenient and flexible.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a self-centering anti-bending and anti-twisting high-temperature clamp bearing an axial tensile load, and belongs to the technical field of mechanical property testing of high-temperature structural materials.
Background
Turbine components of aircraft engines are usually subjected to high temperatures during service, and particularly turbine rotor blades are subjected to centrifugal loads caused by high-speed rotation of the turbine rotor blades. It can be seen that the high temperature structural materials of turbine components require the development of mechanical property tests under high temperature conditions, such as axial tensile, tensile-tensile fatigue, and endurance/creep tests, to provide technical support for structural design and strength assessment of turbine components.
In the conventional high-temperature tensile, tensile-tensile fatigue and endurance/creep test process, a test sample to be tested is usually installed on a force transmission main shaft on a testing machine in a threaded connection or pin hole connection mode, the test sample to be tested is heated by a high-temperature furnace until reaching a preset temperature and preserving heat for a certain time, and the testing machine is started to carry out test work, so that various high-temperature mechanical property test data are obtained. It is worth noting that all the test standards have strict requirements on the alignment degree of the test sample and the testing machine in the test process. For example, the national standard GB/T4338-2006 metal material high temperature tensile test method related to the high temperature tensile test specifies that the test force axis of the testing machine is consistent with the sample axis so as to minimize the bending or torsion in the sample standard moment, and the national standard GB/T15248-2008 metal material axial constant amplitude low cycle fatigue test method related to the high temperature fatigue test specifies that the good coaxiality is provided, and the bending deformation rate is within 5% in the elastic range of the sample by adopting the standard sample. In the national standard GB/T2039-2012 "metal material uniaxial tensile creep test method" related to the high temperature creep test, the testing machine should provide the axial test force and minimize the bending moment and torque generated on the test sample, and in order to ensure that the testing machine and the clamp can accurately apply the test force to the test sample, the force value and the loading coaxiality of the testing machine should be periodically calibrated, and the loading coaxiality of the testing machine should not exceed 10%. Therefore, the coaxiality of the testing machine, the clamp and the sample to be tested is definitely specified by the high-temperature testing standard of the material, and the sample to be tested is prevented from being subjected to unexpected bending and torsional deformation in the testing process, so that the accuracy and the reliability of the axial mechanical property data of the material are influenced. In the actual test process, the coaxiality of the testing machine, the clamp and the sample to be tested is difficult to track and monitor in real time, and even if a certain experience method is available, the operation process is very complicated, time and labor are wasted, the testing efficiency is low, and the effect is poor. If the coaxiality of the testing machine, the clamp and the sample to be tested is not tested and corrected, the bending moment and the torque brought by unexpected bending and twisting can greatly influence the axial loading of the sample, so that the deviation of the axial stress/strain test result is larger, the obtained test data is judged to be invalid according to the test standard, and the waste of test resources is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a self-centering anti-bending and anti-twisting high-temperature clamp for bearing axial tensile load, aiming at overcoming the influence of bending moment and torque caused by unexpected bending and twisting on the axial tensile load of a sample to be tested, obtaining the axial tensile, tensile-tensile fatigue and endurance/creep mechanical property test data of a high-temperature structural material and providing technical support for the structural design and strength evaluation of an aircraft engine turbine component.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the external contour 1 of the self-centering anti-bending anti-twisting high-temperature clamp bearing the axial tensile load is cylindrical or cuboid and comprises a force-bearing connecting rod 2, a force-bearing frame 3, a force-bearing block 4, a rotating support 5, a positioning gasket ring 6 and a fastening screw 7;
the bearing frame 3 is of a hollow structure and comprises a step cavity 8 and a through hole 9 at the bottom, two loading and unloading holes 10 which are symmetrically distributed along the circumference are processed on the side surface of the step cavity 8, and four screw holes 11 which are uniformly distributed along the circumference are processed on the step surface of the step cavity 8;
the bearing block 4 is of a split structure and is arranged at the bottom of the stepped cavity 8, the top end of the bearing block is flush with the stepped surface of the stepped cavity 8, a semi-ellipsoid cavity 12 with an upward opening is processed at the core part of the bearing block 4, and a circular platform hole 13 is arranged at the bottom of the bearing block 4 and is communicated with and concentric with the through hole 9 of the stepped cavity 8;
the structure of the rotating support 5 comprises an elliptical ball head 14 at the upper part, a transition journal 15 at the middle part and a support internal thread hole 17 at the lower part, wherein the elliptical ball head 14 is of a solid structure, is located in a semi-elliptical cavity 12 at the core part of the bearing block 4 and forms surface contact, and the transition journal 15 passes through a circular truncated cone hole 13 at the bottom of the bearing block 4 and a through hole 9 at the bottom of a stepped cavity 8;
the positioning gasket ring 6 is of a split structure, four through holes 18 which are uniformly distributed along the circumference are processed on the positioning gasket ring 6, and the positioning gasket ring 16 passes through the through holes 18 through fastening screws 7 to be fixed in screw holes 11 on the step surface of the step cavity 8 so as to prevent the force bearing block 4 from moving up and down along the axial direction;
the support internal thread hole 17 at the lower part of the rotating support 5 is connected with a pin hole transition clamp 19 connected with a flat plate sample or a thread end transition clamp 20 connected with a threaded end round bar sample, so that stable and reliable load transfer is realized.
In one implementation, the force-bearing connecting rod 2 is a cylindrical structure, one end of the force-bearing connecting rod is connected with the main shaft of the testing machine, and the other end of the force-bearing connecting rod is connected with the upper end of the force-bearing frame 3 in a welding or integral casting and forging mode.
In one implementation, the stepped cavity 8 is cylindrical.
In one embodiment, the rotatable support 5 is of unitary construction.
In one embodiment, an annular raised transition shoulder 16 is provided between the middle transition journal 15 and the lower seat threaded bore 17 of the rotatable seat 5 to enhance the support strength of the rotatable seat 5.
In one embodiment, the lateral surface of the transition journal 15 in the middle of the rotary support 5 is concavely curved to prevent the transition journal 15 from colliding with the circular cone hole 13 and the through hole 9.
In one implementation, the pin hole transition clamp 19 comprises an external thread joint 21 with the upper part connected with the support internal thread hole 17 and a square hole 22 with the lower part connected with the flat plate sample, and through pin holes 23 matched with pins 24 are processed on two side surfaces of the square hole 22.
In one embodiment, the thread end transition clamp 20 includes a male adapter 21 having an upper portion connected to the support female threaded bore 17 and a female threaded bore 25 having a lower portion with female threads connected to the threaded end round bar sample.
In one implementation, the clamp is made of a warm structural material capable of withstanding temperatures above 1200 ℃.
The clamp provided by the technical scheme of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, flexibility in operation, modular design, and capability of accurately obtaining data of high-temperature tensile, tensile-tensile fatigue and endurance/creep performance of a high-temperature structural material by matching with a tensile, tensile-tensile fatigue and endurance/creep testing machine aiming at a mechanical performance test of the high-temperature structural material of an aircraft engine turbine component under a high-temperature condition. The method has the characteristics and beneficial effects that:
1. the self-centering anti-bending and anti-twisting high-temperature clamp designed by the invention mainly adopts the contact fit of the rotating support elliptical ball head and the curved surface of the bearing block elliptical cavity, so that the relative sliding and rotating functions of the rotating support elliptical ball head and the bearing block elliptical cavity can be realized, when the coaxiality of the testing machine, the clamp and a sample to be tested is inconsistent, the coaxiality of a loading line can be automatically realized through the coordination of sliding and rotating, meanwhile, unexpected bending moment and torque are effectively avoided, a large amount of coaxiality centering work is saved, and the testing efficiency is effectively improved.
2. Compare in high temperature anchor clamps main part, the rotating support volume is less relatively, and manufacturing cost is lower, because the rotating support replaces high temperature anchor clamps main part in the test process and becomes the main component that high temperature anchor clamps destroyed, consequently can avoid the change of high temperature anchor clamps main part through only changing the rotating support to greatly reduced test cost.
3. Aiming at flat plate samples with different thicknesses and round bar samples with different diameters, a high-temperature test can be carried out by designing and processing transition clamps containing different pin holes and internal thread holes, and the method is simple, convenient and flexible and has strong operability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the clamp of the present invention.
Fig. 2 isbase:Sub>A sectional view taken along linebase:Sub>A-base:Sub>A of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a pin hole flat plate sample transition clamp and a partial sectional view thereof.
FIG. 4 is a transition fixture for threaded end round bar specimens and a partial cross-sectional view thereof.
Detailed Description
The device according to the invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the following figures and examples:
referring to the attached drawings 1-4, the self-centering anti-bending and anti-twisting high-temperature clamp bearing the axial tensile load has a cylindrical outer contour 1, and comprises a force-bearing connecting rod 2, a force-bearing frame 3, a force-bearing block 4, a rotating support 5, a positioning gasket ring 6 and a fastening screw 7.
The bearing connecting rod 2 is of a cylindrical structure, one end of the bearing connecting rod is connected with a main shaft of the testing machine, the other end of the bearing connecting rod can be connected with the bearing frame 3 in a welding or integral casting and forging forming mode, and the coaxiality of the bearing connecting rod 2 and the bearing frame 3 is ensured to meet the requirements of test standards.
The bearing frame 3 is a hollow structure and comprises a step cavity 8 and a through hole 9, the step cavity 8 is cylindrical, two assembling and disassembling holes 10 which are symmetrically distributed along the circumference are processed on the side surface of the step cavity 8, four screw holes 11 which are uniformly distributed along the circumference are processed on the step surface of the step cavity 8, the diameter of the through hole 9 is slightly larger than the diameter of a transition shoulder 16 of the rotating support 5, and the diameter of the through hole 9 is preferably 1.2-1.5 times of the diameter of the transition shoulder 16 of the rotating support 5;
the bearing block 4 is of a split structure and is arranged at the bottom of the stepped cavity 8, an ellipsoid cavity 12 is processed at the top of the bearing block 4, and a circular platform hole 13 is processed at the bottom of the bearing block 4;
the rotating support 5 is of an integral structure and mainly comprises an elliptical ball head 14, a transition journal 15, a transition shoulder 16 and a support internal threaded hole 17, wherein the elliptical ball head 14 is of a solid structure and is ensured to be in surface contact with the elliptical cavity 12, under the condition that a preparation process can be realized, the larger the contact area between the elliptical ball head 14 and the elliptical cavity 12 is, the better the contact area between the elliptical ball head 14 and the elliptical cavity 12 is, the contact area between the elliptical ball head 14 and the elliptical cavity 12 is recommended to be 1/8-1/5 of the surface area of the elliptical ball head 14, the transition journal 15 is of a gradient structure and is prevented from being in collision contact with the circular truncated cone hole 13, and the transition shoulder 16 is of a cylindrical structure and aims to strengthen the supporting strength of the rotating support 5;
the positioning gasket ring 6 is of a split structure, four through holes 18 which are uniformly distributed along the circumference are processed on the positioning gasket ring 6, the positioning gasket ring 16 is fixed in the screw hole 11 on the step surface of the step cavity 8 through the through holes 18 by the fastening screws 7, and the bearing block 4 can be stably and reliably fixed at the bottom of the step cavity 8.
In order to realize that the dull and stereotyped sample that awaits measuring of pin hole, screw thread end pole await measuring with from the centering prevent curved, prevent turning round the nimble connection of high temperature anchor clamps, can process pin hole transition anchor clamps 19 and screw thread end transition anchor clamps 20 respectively, pin hole transition anchor clamps 19 include external thread joint 21, quad slit 22, pin hole 23 and pin 24, screw thread end transition anchor clamps 20 include external thread joint 21 and internal thread hole 25, pin hole transition anchor clamps 19 and screw thread end transition anchor clamps 20 external thread joint 21 with the support internal thread hole 17 of rotating support 5 is connected to realize stable, the reliable transmission of load.
The self-centering anti-bending and anti-twisting high-temperature clamp, the pin hole transition clamp 19 and the thread end transition clamp 20 are made of high-temperature structural materials which can endure the temperature of 1000 ℃ and are more preferably over 1200 ℃.
Before mechanical property test, the bearing connecting rod 2 of the self-centering anti-bending and anti-twisting high-temperature clamp is connected to a main shaft or a transition clamp of a high-temperature tensile, tensile-tensile fatigue and endurance/creep testing machine. Next, the swivel bracket 5 is placed into the stepped cavity 8 through the attachment/detachment hole 10 such that the transition shoulder 16 of the swivel bracket 5 passes through the through hole 9, thereby suspending the oval ball 14 of the swivel bracket 5 above the through hole 9. Then, the two split bearing blocks 4 are placed in the stepped cavity 8 through the assembling and disassembling holes 10, the rotating support 5 is lifted upwards at the moment, the two split bearing blocks 4 are assembled and then placed below the rotating support 5, and the surface contact matching of the elliptical ball head 14 of the rotating support 5 and the elliptical cavity 12 of the bearing block 4 is completed. Then, two split positioning gasket rings 6 are fixed on the step surface of the stepped cavity 8 through fastening screws 7, and the bearing block 4 is pressed, so that the main body assembly of the self-centering anti-bending anti-twisting high-temperature clamp 1 is completed. And then, respectively selecting a pin hole transition clamp 19 and a thread end transition clamp 20 to assemble according to whether the sample to be tested is a flat plate sample or a round bar sample, wherein the external thread joints 21 of the pin hole transition clamp 19 and the thread end transition clamp 20 are connected with the support internal thread hole 17 of the rotating support 5, so that stable and reliable load transmission is realized. And finally, opening the high-temperature furnace, loading the self-centering anti-bending and anti-twisting high-temperature clamp into the high-temperature furnace, sealing the high-temperature furnace, starting the testing machine, applying an axial load to the sample to be tested, and realizing the relative sliding and rotating functions of the high-temperature furnace and the sample to be tested by the contact fit of the oval ball head 14 of the rotating support 5 and the curved surface of the oval cavity 12 of the bearing block 4, effectively avoiding unexpected bending moment and torque, ensuring that the coaxiality of the high-temperature tensile, pull-pull fatigue and endurance/creep testing machine, the self-centering anti-bending and anti-twisting high-temperature clamp and the sample to be tested meets the requirement of the test standard, and further obtaining high-quality and high-reliability axial mechanical property test data. In addition, aiming at flat plates with different thicknesses and round bar samples to be tested with different diameters, high-temperature tests can be carried out by designing and processing transition clamps 19 containing pin hole flat plate samples with different sizes and transition clamps 20 containing round bar samples with different sizes of thread ends, and the method is simple, convenient and flexible and has strong operability.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a bear axial tension load from centering prevent bending, prevent turning round high temperature anchor clamps which characterized in that: the outer contour (1) of the clamp is cylindrical or cuboid and comprises a bearing connecting rod (2), a bearing frame (3), a bearing block (4), a rotary support (5), a positioning gasket ring (6) and a fastening screw (7);
the bearing frame (3) is of a hollow structure and comprises a step cavity (8) and a through hole (9) at the bottom, two loading and unloading holes (10) which are symmetrically distributed along the circumference are processed on the side surface of the step cavity (8), and four screw holes (11) which are uniformly distributed along the circumference are processed on the step surface of the step cavity (8);
the bearing block (4) is of a split structure, is arranged at the bottom of the stepped cavity (8), the top end of the bearing block is flush with the stepped surface of the stepped cavity (8), a semi-ellipsoid cavity (12) with an upward opening is processed at the core part of the bearing block (4), and a circular platform hole (13) is arranged at the bottom of the bearing block (4) and is communicated with and concentric with the through hole (9) of the stepped cavity (8);
the structure of the rotary support (5) comprises an oval ball head (14) at the upper part, a transition journal (15) at the middle part and a support internal threaded hole (17) at the lower part, the oval ball head (14) is of a solid structure, is located in a semi-ellipsoid cavity (12) at the core part of the bearing block (4) and forms surface contact, the transition journal (15) penetrates through a circular truncated cone hole (13) at the bottom of the bearing block (4) and a through hole (9) at the bottom of a step cavity (8), and the side surface of the transition journal (15) is of an inwards concave arc shape so as to prevent the transition journal (15) from colliding and contacting with the circular truncated cone hole (13) and the through hole (9);
in addition, an annular raised transition shoulder (16) is arranged between a transition journal (15) in the middle of the rotating support (5) and a support internal thread hole (17) in the lower part of the rotating support to strengthen the supporting strength of the rotating support (5);
the positioning gasket ring (6) is of a split structure, four through holes (18) which are uniformly distributed along the circumference are processed on the positioning gasket ring (6), and the positioning gasket ring (16) penetrates through the through holes (18) through fastening screws (7) to be fixed in screw holes (11) on the step surface of the step cavity (8) so as to prevent the force bearing block (4) from moving up and down along the axial direction;
the support internal thread hole (17) at the lower part of the rotary support (5) is connected with a pin hole transition clamp (19) connected with a flat plate sample or a thread end transition clamp (20) connected with a round bar sample at the thread end, so that the stable and reliable transmission of load is realized.
2. The self-centering anti-bending and anti-twisting high-temperature clamp bearing axial tensile load according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bearing connecting rod (2) is of a cylindrical structure, one end of the bearing connecting rod is connected with a main shaft of the testing machine, and the other end of the bearing connecting rod is connected with the upper end of the bearing frame (3) in a welding or integral casting and forging forming mode.
3. The self-centering anti-bending and anti-twisting high-temperature clamp bearing axial tensile load according to claim 1, characterized in that: the stepped cavity (8) is cylindrical.
4. The self-centering anti-bending and anti-twisting high-temperature clamp bearing axial tensile load according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rotating support (5) is of an integral structure.
5. The self-centering anti-bending and anti-twisting high-temperature clamp bearing axial tensile load according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pin hole transition clamp (19) structurally comprises an external thread joint (21) with the upper part connected with the support internal thread hole (17) and a square hole (22) with the lower part connected with a flat plate sample, and two side surfaces of the square hole (22) are provided with through pin holes (23) matched with pins (24).
6. The self-centering anti-bending and anti-twisting high-temperature clamp bearing axial tensile load according to claim 1, characterized in that: the structure of the threaded end transition clamp (20) comprises an external thread joint (21) with the upper part connected with a support internal thread hole (17) and an internal thread hole (25) with internal threads at the lower part connected with a threaded end round bar test sample.
7. The self-centering anti-bending and anti-twisting high-temperature clamp bearing axial tensile load according to claim 1, characterized in that: the clamp is made of structural materials capable of resisting high temperature of more than 1200 ℃.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011226625.1A CN112525673B (en) | 2020-11-05 | 2020-11-05 | Self-centering anti-bending and anti-twisting high-temperature clamp bearing axial tensile load |
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| CN202011226625.1A CN112525673B (en) | 2020-11-05 | 2020-11-05 | Self-centering anti-bending and anti-twisting high-temperature clamp bearing axial tensile load |
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| CN112525673B true CN112525673B (en) | 2023-04-14 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114486506B (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2024-05-14 | 山东大学 | Clamp for testing bonding strength of coating |
| CN115979798B (en) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-07-14 | 天津津荣天宇精密机械股份有限公司 | Joint for detecting screw welding torque intensity and using method thereof |
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