CN112525228A - Hall circuit and Hall sensor - Google Patents
Hall circuit and Hall sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN112525228A CN112525228A CN202011364511.3A CN202011364511A CN112525228A CN 112525228 A CN112525228 A CN 112525228A CN 202011364511 A CN202011364511 A CN 202011364511A CN 112525228 A CN112525228 A CN 112525228A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
- G01D5/142—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/45—Differential amplifiers
- H03F3/45071—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/45076—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of implementation of the active amplifying circuit in the differential amplifier
Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of sensors, and provides a Hall circuit and a Hall sensor, wherein the Hall circuit comprises: the device comprises a Hall signal acquisition module, a reference signal generation module, a differential amplification module, a first connecting wire and a second connecting wire; the input end of the Hall signal acquisition module is connected with the Hall element, the output end of the Hall signal acquisition module is connected with the first end of the first connecting wire, the positive power supply end of the Hall signal acquisition module is connected with the first positive power supply end, and the negative power supply end of the Hall signal acquisition module is connected with the first zero level end; the input end of the reference signal generating module is connected with the first positive power supply end, the output end of the reference signal generating module is connected with the first end of the second connecting wire, and the grounding end of the reference signal generating module is connected with the first zero level end; and the first input end of the differential amplification module is connected with the second end of the first connecting wire, the second input end of the differential amplification module is connected with the second end of the second connecting wire, and the output end of the differential amplification module is used for outputting a Hall detection signal. The Hall signal acquisition module and the reference signal generation module are both powered by a single power supply, and the circuit has a simple structure and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sensors, and particularly relates to a Hall circuit and a Hall sensor.
Background
The Hall sensor is a magnetic sensor based on Hall effect, and a magnetic field signal is converted into a Hall voltage signal through a Hall element and is processed and amplified to obtain a readable voltage value. The hall sensor is widely applied to the fields of automobiles, industry, consumer electronics and the like due to the advantages of small volume, low cost, high stability and the like. With the increasing application requirements of the hall sensor, the requirement of people on the anti-interference capability of the hall sensor is higher and higher.
In the prior art, a hall Signal acquisition module generally adopts a positive power supply and a negative power supply to supply power, a hall voltage Signal acquired by the hall Signal acquisition module and a reference zero level of a hall sensor are subjected to differential amplification and then sent to a Digital Signal Processing (DSP) chip to be processed, and a hall detection Signal is further obtained. The Hall signal acquisition module needs to be powered by a positive power supply and a negative power supply, so that the circuit is complex and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the invention provides a hall circuit and a hall sensor, so as to solve the problems that a hall signal acquisition module in the prior art needs to be powered by a positive power supply and a negative power supply, so that the circuit structure is complex and the cost is high.
A first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a hall circuit, including: the device comprises a Hall signal acquisition module, a reference signal generation module, a differential amplification module, a first connecting wire and a second connecting wire;
the input end of the Hall signal acquisition module is connected with the Hall element, the output end of the Hall signal acquisition module is connected with the first end of the first connecting wire, the positive power supply end of the Hall signal acquisition module is connected with the first positive power supply end, and the negative power supply end of the Hall signal acquisition module is connected with the first zero level end;
the input end of the reference signal generating module is connected with the first positive power supply end, the output end of the reference signal generating module is connected with the first end of the second connecting wire, and the grounding end of the reference signal generating module is connected with the first zero level end;
and the first input end of the differential amplification module is connected with the second end of the first connecting wire, the second input end of the differential amplification module is connected with the second end of the second connecting wire, and the output end of the differential amplification module is used for outputting a Hall detection signal.
Optionally, the hall circuit further includes: a first resistor and a second resistor;
the first end of the first resistor is connected with the output end of the Hall signal acquisition module, and the second end of the first resistor is connected with the first end of the first connecting wire;
and the first end of the second resistor is connected with the output end of the reference signal generation module, and the second end of the second resistor is connected with the first end of the second connecting wire.
Optionally, the hall circuit further includes: a third resistor and a first capacitor;
the first end of the third resistor is connected with the output end of the reference signal generating module, and the second end of the third resistor is respectively connected with the first end of the first capacitor and the first end of the second resistor;
the second end of the first capacitor is connected with the first zero level end.
Optionally, the hall circuit further includes: a fourth resistor;
and the first end of the fourth resistor is connected with the output end of the Hall signal acquisition module, and the second end of the fourth resistor is connected with the first end of the first resistor.
Optionally, the hall circuit further includes: a second capacitor;
and the first end of the second capacitor is respectively connected with the first end of the first resistor and the second end of the fourth resistor, and the second end of the second capacitor is connected with the first zero level end.
Optionally, the first connecting line and the second connecting line are routed side by side on the printed circuit board.
Optionally, the hall signal collection module includes: a third capacitor;
the first end of the third capacitor is connected with the positive power supply end of the Hall signal acquisition module, the first end of the third capacitor is also used for being connected with the power supply end of the Hall element, and the second end of the third capacitor is connected with the negative power supply end of the Hall signal acquisition module; the input end of the Hall signal acquisition module and the output end of the Hall signal acquisition module are both used for being connected with the signal output end of the Hall element.
Optionally, the reference signal generating module includes: the first comparator, the fifth resistor, the sixth resistor and the fourth capacitor;
a first input end of the first comparator is respectively connected with an output end of the first comparator and an output end of the reference signal generating module, and a second input end of the first comparator is respectively connected with a first end of the fifth resistor, a first end of the sixth resistor and a first end of the fourth capacitor;
the second end of the fifth resistor is connected with the input end of the reference signal generating module; the second end of the sixth resistor and the second end of the fourth capacitor are both connected with the grounding end of the reference signal generating module.
Optionally, the differential amplifying module includes: the circuit comprises a second comparator, a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, a fifth capacitor, a sixth capacitor and a seventh capacitor;
a first input end of the first comparator is connected with an anode of the first diode, a cathode of the second diode, a first end of the fifth capacitor, a first end of the sixth capacitor, a first end of the seventh resistor and a first end of the eighth resistor respectively, a second input end of the first comparator is connected with an anode of the third diode, a cathode of the fourth diode, a second end of the fifth capacitor, a first end of the seventh capacitor, a first end of the ninth resistor and a first end of the tenth resistor respectively, and an output end of the first comparator is connected with a second end of the sixth capacitor, a second end of the eighth resistor and an output end of the differential amplification module respectively;
the cathode of the first diode and the cathode of the third diode are both connected with the second positive power supply end, and the anode of the second diode and the anode of the fourth diode are both connected with the second negative power supply end;
the second end of the seventh resistor is connected with the second input end of the differential amplification module, and the second end of the ninth resistor is connected with the first input end of the differential amplification module;
and the second end of the tenth resistor and the second end of the seventh capacitor are both connected with the second zero level end.
A second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a hall sensor, including: the Hall element and the Hall circuit provided by the first aspect of the embodiment of the invention.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a hall circuit, including: the device comprises a Hall signal acquisition module, a reference signal generation module, a differential amplification module, a first connecting wire and a second connecting wire; the input end of the Hall signal acquisition module is connected with the Hall element, the output end of the Hall signal acquisition module is connected with the first end of the first connecting wire, the positive power supply end of the Hall signal acquisition module is connected with the first positive power supply end, and the negative power supply end of the Hall signal acquisition module is connected with the first zero level end; the input end of the reference signal generating module is connected with the first positive power supply end, the output end of the reference signal generating module is connected with the first end of the second connecting wire, and the grounding end of the reference signal generating module is connected with the first zero level end; and the first input end of the differential amplification module is connected with the second end of the first connecting wire, the second input end of the differential amplification module is connected with the second end of the second connecting wire, and the output end of the differential amplification module is used for outputting a Hall detection signal. In the embodiment of the invention, the Hall signal acquisition module and the reference signal generation module are both powered by a single power supply, the circuit structure is simple, and the cost is low.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a hall circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a second hall circuit provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a third hall circuit provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a fourth hall circuit provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a fifth hall circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a hall signal acquisition module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of a reference signal generating module according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram of a differential amplifier module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system structures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.
In order to explain the technical means of the present invention, the following description will be given by way of specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1, a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a hall circuit including: the device comprises a Hall signal acquisition module 11, a reference signal generation module 12, a differential amplification module 13, a first connecting line Lin1 and a second connecting line Lin 2;
the input end of the Hall signal acquisition module 11 is used for being connected with a Hall element U3, the output end of the Hall signal acquisition module is connected with the first end of a first connecting line Lin1, the positive power supply end of the Hall signal acquisition module is connected with a first positive power supply end +5VD1, and the negative power supply end of the Hall signal acquisition module is connected with a first zero level end 0 VD;
the input end of the reference signal generating module 12 is connected to the first positive power supply terminal +5VD1, the output end is connected to the first end of the second connection line Lin2, and the ground end is connected to the first zero level terminal 0 VD;
and a first input end of the differential amplification module 13 is connected with a second end of the first connection line Lin1, a second input end of the differential amplification module is connected with a second end of the second connection line Lin2, and an output end of the differential amplification module is used for outputting a hall detection signal.
In the embodiment of the invention, the Hall signal acquisition module 11 is powered by a single power supply, and the reference signal generation module 12 is also powered by a single level. Because both adopt single power supply to supply power, circuit structure is simple, greatly reduced circuit cost.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 2, the hall circuit further comprises: a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2;
a first end of the first resistor R1 is connected with the output end of the hall signal acquisition module 11, and a second end of the first resistor R1 is connected with a first end of the first connection line Lin 1;
a first end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the output end of the reference signal generating module 12, and a second end thereof is connected to the first end of the second connection line Lin 2.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the small resistors are respectively arranged at the front end of the first connecting line Lin1 and the front end of the second connecting line Lin2 and used for inhibiting interference signals. Meanwhile, since the resistances of the first connection line Lin1 and the second connection line Lin2 may be different and the voltage drops are also different, the difference in the resistances of the first connection line Lin1 and the second connection line Lin2 may introduce interference to the hall voltage signal and the reference voltage signal. The resistance values of the resistance matching connection lines are respectively arranged at the front ends of the two connection lines, so that voltage drops on the two sides are the same, interference caused by difference of the resistance values of the first connection line Lin1 and the second connection line Lin2 is inhibited, and accuracy and sensitivity of the circuit are improved.
In some embodiments, the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 may have the same resistance.
Since the resistance of the common connection line is small and the resistance of the resistor is relatively large, the resistance of the connection line can be ignored compared with the resistances of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, so that the resistances of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are set to be the same, the resistances of the two sides are approximately the same, and interference caused by the difference between the resistances of the first connection line Lin1 and the second connection line Lin2 is suppressed.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 3, the hall circuit further comprises: a third resistor R3 and a first capacitor C1;
a third resistor R3, a first end of which is connected to the output end of the reference signal generating module 12, and a second end of which is connected to the first end of the first capacitor C1 and the first end of the second resistor R2, respectively;
the second terminal of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the first zero level terminal 0 VD.
In the embodiment of the invention, a capacitor filter can be arranged at the front end of the second resistor R2 to suppress interference. Since the hall element is generally provided with a capacitor therein, the capacitor only needs to be provided at the output end of the reference signal generating module 12.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 4, the hall circuit further comprises: a fourth resistor R4;
and a first end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected with the output end of the Hall signal acquisition module 11, and a second end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected with the first end of the first resistor R1.
For convenience of matching, a fourth resistor R4 is disposed at the front end of the first resistor R1 corresponding to the third resistor R3.
In some embodiments, the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 may have the same resistance, and the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4 may have the same resistance.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 5, the hall circuit further comprises: a second capacitance C2;
a first end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the first end of the first resistor R1 and the second end of the fourth resistor R4, respectively, and the second end is connected to the first zero level terminal 0 VD.
The second capacitor C2 is used for filtering.
In some embodiments, the first connection line Lin1 and the second connection line Lin2 are routed side by side on the printed circuit board.
The first connecting line Lin1 and the second connecting line Lin2 are wired in parallel and subjected to the same interference, and signals enter the differential amplification module 13 and then are offset mutually, so that the anti-interference capability of the circuit is improved.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 6, the hall signal acquisition module 11 includes: a third capacitance C3;
a first end of the third capacitor C3 is connected with the positive power supply end of the hall signal acquisition module 11, the first end of the third capacitor C3 is also used for being connected with the power supply end of the hall element U3, and the second end of the third capacitor C3 is connected with the negative power supply end of the hall signal acquisition module 11;
the input end of the hall signal acquisition module 11 and the output end of the hall signal acquisition module 11 are both used for being connected with the signal output end of the hall element U3.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 7, the reference signal generating module 12 includes: a first comparator U1, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6 and a fourth capacitor C4;
a first comparator U1, a first input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the first comparator U1 and the output terminal of the reference signal generating module 12, and a second input terminal of which is connected to the first terminal of the fifth resistor R5, the first terminal of the sixth resistor R6, and the first terminal of the fourth capacitor C4;
a second end of the fifth resistor R5 and an input end of the reference signal generating module 12; the second terminal of the sixth resistor R6 and the second terminal of the fourth capacitor C4 are both connected to the ground terminal of the reference signal generating module 12.
In some embodiments, the fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6 may be the same, so that the voltage at the output terminal of the reference signal generating module 12 is stabilized to be half the voltage of the first positive power terminal +5VD1,
in some embodiments, referring to fig. 8, the differential amplification module 13 includes: a second comparator U2, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, a fourth diode D4, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, a fifth capacitor C5, a sixth capacitor C6 and a seventh capacitor C7;
a second comparator U2, a first input end of which is connected to an anode of the first diode D1, a cathode of the second diode D2, a first end of the fifth capacitor C5, a first end of the sixth capacitor C6, a first end of the seventh resistor R7, and a first end of the eighth resistor R8, a second input end of which is connected to an anode of the third diode D3, a cathode of the fourth diode D4, a second end of the fifth capacitor C5, a first end of the seventh capacitor C7, a first end of the ninth resistor R9, and a first end of the tenth resistor R10, and an output end of which is connected to a second end of the sixth capacitor C6, a second end of the eighth resistor R8, and an output end of the differential amplification module 13, respectively;
the cathode of the first diode D1 and the cathode of the third diode D3 are both connected with a second positive power supply terminal +15VA, and the anode of the second diode D2 and the anode of the fourth diode D4 are both connected with a second negative power supply terminal-15 VA;
a second end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the second input end of the differential amplification module 13, and a second end of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the first input end of the differential amplification module 13;
the second terminal of the tenth resistor R10 and the second terminal of the seventh capacitor C7 are both connected to the second zero-level terminal 0V.
When the voltage of the first input terminal of the second comparator U2 is greater than the voltage of the first positive power terminal +5VD1, the first diode D1 is turned on, stabilizing the voltage of the first input terminal of the second comparator U2 at the voltage of the second positive power terminal +15 VA; when the voltage of the first input end of the second comparator U2 is smaller than the voltage of the second negative power supply end-15 VA, the second diode D2 is conducted, and the voltage of the first input end of the second comparator U2 is stabilized at the voltage of the second negative power supply end-15 VA; the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4 function in the same manner to suppress large spikes and prevent the second comparator U2 from being damaged.
In some embodiments, the voltage of the first positive power terminal +5VD1 may be +5V, the voltage of the second positive power terminal +15VA may be +15V, and the voltage of the second negative power terminal-15 VA may be-15V.
Corresponding to any one of the above hall circuits, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a hall sensor, including: hall element U3 and any of the hall circuits provided by the above-described embodiments of the invention.
The hall sensor provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of the hall circuit provided by any one of the above embodiments, and details are not repeated herein.
It should be understood that, the sequence numbers of the steps in the foregoing embodiments do not imply an execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application and are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A hall circuit, comprising: the device comprises a Hall signal acquisition module, a reference signal generation module, a differential amplification module, a first connecting wire and a second connecting wire;
the input end of the Hall signal acquisition module is used for being connected with a Hall element, the output end of the Hall signal acquisition module is connected with the first end of the first connecting wire, the positive power supply end is connected with the first positive power supply end, and the negative power supply end is connected with the first zero level end;
the input end of the reference signal generating module is connected with the first positive power supply end, the output end of the reference signal generating module is connected with the first end of the second connecting wire, and the grounding end of the reference signal generating module is connected with the first zero level end;
and the differential amplification module is connected with the second end of the first connecting wire at a first input end, is connected with the second end of the second connecting wire at a second input end, and is used for outputting a Hall detection signal at an output end.
2. The hall circuit of claim 1 further comprising: a first resistor and a second resistor;
the first end of the first resistor is connected with the output end of the Hall signal acquisition module, and the second end of the first resistor is connected with the first end of the first connecting wire;
and the first end of the second resistor is connected with the output end of the reference signal generating module, and the second end of the second resistor is connected with the first end of the second connecting wire.
3. The hall circuit of claim 2 further comprising: a third resistor and a first capacitor;
a first end of the third resistor is connected with the output end of the reference signal generating module, and a second end of the third resistor is respectively connected with a first end of the first capacitor and a first end of the second resistor;
and the second end of the first capacitor is connected with the first zero level end.
4. The hall circuit of claim 3 further comprising: a fourth resistor;
and the first end of the fourth resistor is connected with the output end of the Hall signal acquisition module, and the second end of the fourth resistor is connected with the first end of the first resistor.
5. The Hall circuit of claim 4, further comprising: a second capacitor;
and a first end of the second capacitor is respectively connected with a first end of the first resistor and a second end of the fourth resistor, and the second end of the second capacitor is connected with the first zero level end.
6. The Hall circuit according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first connection line and the second connection line are routed side by side on a printed circuit board.
7. The Hall circuit according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the Hall signal acquisition module comprises: a third capacitor;
the first end of the third capacitor is connected with the positive power supply end of the Hall signal acquisition module, the first end of the third capacitor is also used for being connected with the power supply end of the Hall element, and the second end of the third capacitor is connected with the negative power supply end of the Hall signal acquisition module;
the input end of the Hall signal acquisition module and the output end of the Hall signal acquisition module are both used for being connected with the signal output end of the Hall element.
8. The Hall circuit according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the reference signal generating module comprises: the first comparator, the fifth resistor, the sixth resistor and the fourth capacitor;
a first input end of the first comparator is connected with an output end of the first comparator and an output end of the reference signal generating module respectively, and a second input end of the first comparator is connected with a first end of the fifth resistor, a first end of the sixth resistor and a first end of the fourth capacitor respectively;
the second end of the fifth resistor is connected with the input end of the reference signal generating module; and the second end of the sixth resistor and the second end of the fourth capacitor are both connected with the grounding end of the reference signal generating module.
9. The Hall circuit according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the differential amplification module comprises: the circuit comprises a second comparator, a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, a fifth capacitor, a sixth capacitor and a seventh capacitor;
a first input end of the second comparator is connected to an anode of the first diode, a cathode of the second diode, a first end of the fifth capacitor, a first end of the sixth capacitor, a first end of the seventh resistor, and a first end of the eighth resistor, a second input end of the second comparator is connected to an anode of the third diode, a cathode of the fourth diode, a second end of the fifth capacitor, a first end of the seventh capacitor, a first end of the ninth resistor, and a first end of the tenth resistor, and an output end of the second comparator is connected to a second end of the sixth capacitor, a second end of the eighth resistor, and an output end of the differential amplification module;
the cathode of the first diode and the cathode of the third diode are both connected with a second positive power supply end, and the anode of the second diode and the anode of the fourth diode are both connected with a second negative power supply end;
a second end of the seventh resistor is connected with a second input end of the differential amplification module, and a second end of the ninth resistor is connected with a first input end of the differential amplification module;
and a second end of the tenth resistor and a second end of the seventh capacitor are both connected with a second zero level end.
10. A hall sensor, comprising: hall element and hall circuit according to any of claims 1 to 9.
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