CN112525129A - Three-dimensional nondestructive measurement method based on grid slice volume - Google Patents
Three-dimensional nondestructive measurement method based on grid slice volume Download PDFInfo
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- CN112525129A CN112525129A CN201910884338.0A CN201910884338A CN112525129A CN 112525129 A CN112525129 A CN 112525129A CN 201910884338 A CN201910884338 A CN 201910884338A CN 112525129 A CN112525129 A CN 112525129A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/20—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring contours or curvatures, e.g. determining profile
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Abstract
Aiming at the defects of the existing three-dimensional nondestructive measurement method, the invention provides the three-dimensional nondestructive measurement method based on the grid slice volume, overcomes the limitations of high cost, measurement blind spots and material requirements of the existing three-dimensional nondestructive measurement method, and is applied to the nondestructive measurement and reconstruction of the grid slice volume. The method comprises the following steps: (1) clamping a mechanical part to be measured in a measuring system; (2) performing gridding division on the mechanical part according to the measurement precision, and decomposing the mechanical part into a plurality of ordered micro grid unit bodies; (3) the moving device drives the mechanical part to move along a set direction and discharges the liquid in the container 1; (4) calculating the volume value of the liquid according to the mass of the liquid measured by the balance, and calculating the volume value; (5) a mathematical model is established through the volume change of the discharged liquid, and a three-dimensional space coordinate is solved by adopting an intelligent algorithm, so that the three-dimensional measurement and reconstruction of the mechanical part are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of three-dimensional nondestructive measurement and reconstruction, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional nondestructive measurement method based on the volume of a grid slice layer.
Background
With the deep development of modern manufacturing technology, rapid prototype manufacturing technology and reverse engineering technology, the theoretical research of three-dimensional measurement technology and the development of high-precision and low-cost three-dimensional nondestructive measurement technology have more and more important practical significance. The existing three-dimensional entity measuring method mainly comprises destructive measurement and nondestructive measurement, the destructive measuring method is high in measuring accuracy, but is low in measuring speed and long in measuring time, and a measured part needs to be damaged during measurement, so that the measuring cost is high, and the application is limited. At present, a nondestructive measurement method which is applied more is an optical measurement method, but the method cannot measure the internal contour of an object, blind spots of optical measurement exist, and measured data point clouds are huge, disordered and some data points are even incomplete; in addition, the existing magnetic resonance imaging and CT scanning methods can measure the internal profile of an object, but the two methods have high cost, limit the size of measurable parts, and have low measurement precision, especially limit the material of a measured entity. At present, the buoyancy-based three-dimensional measurement method can nondestructively measure a homogeneous entity insoluble in liquid, has high measurement precision, can measure an entity containing a complex internal profile, cannot measure the homogeneous entity of which the internal profile is not communicated with the outside, and has the measurement precision and reliability influenced by the dynamic characteristic and instability of the liquid.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem, the method provides a three-dimensional entity nondestructive testing method based on the static balance principle, which applies the layering principle, calculates the mass of each layer of the entity to be tested and the mass and the space coordinates of each tiny unit body in the layer by measuring the change value of each force in the balance system and the force system balance principle, and can carry out three-dimensional measurement on the entity with a complex internal contour according to the algorithm, and comprises the following steps:
(1) clamping a mechanical part to be measured in a measuring system;
(2) performing gridding division on the mechanical part according to the measurement precision, and decomposing the mechanical part into a plurality of ordered micro grid unit bodies;
(3) the moving device drives the mechanical part to move along a set direction and discharges the liquid in the container 4;
(4) calculating the volume value of the liquid according to the mass of the liquid measured by the balance, and calculating the volume value;
(5) a mathematical model is established through the volume change of the discharged liquid, and a three-dimensional space coordinate is solved by adopting an intelligent algorithm, so that the three-dimensional measurement and reconstruction of the mechanical part are realized.
In the measuring process, the geometric parts are fixed in the precision motion control system, the precision motion control system drives the clamping system to move for certain micro displacement along the set direction at each time, and the measured mechanical parts are immersed into the container layer by layer to ensure that the slice volume of the geometric parts can be measured quickly.
Meanwhile, the measuring device is arranged in a closed glass protective cover, the glass protective cover ensures the certain humidity requirement of the measuring environment, the air flow interference and the stability of the environment temperature, and the computer starts the temperature and humidity monitoring system to monitor whether the environment temperature and the humidity of the measuring system meet the requirement before each measurement, so that the influence of the environment change on the measuring precision of the precision balance is eliminated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional non-destructive measurement method based on mesh slice volume.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a three-dimensional non-destructive measurement method based on mesh slice volume.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the results of a three-dimensional non-destructive measurement method based on the mesh slice volume.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the limitation of the existing three-dimensional nondestructive measurement method, the invention provides a three-dimensional nondestructive measurement method based on the grid slice volume, which specifically comprises the following steps.
Designing a measurement planning scheme for clamping a measured mechanical part at one time and measuring in multiple different directions, clamping the measured mechanical part in a special measurement clamping system according to the measurement planning scheme, subdividing and layering the measured mechanical part by using a virtual grid according to the measurement precision requirement, decomposing the measured mechanical part into a plurality of micro-grid bodies arranged in a certain sequence, and establishing a space coordinate system in the clamping system according to the minimum accommodation requirement of the measured mechanical part;
the clamping system is installed in the precision motion control system according to the requirement of the measuring direction, the precision motion control system drives the clamping system to move for a certain micro displacement along the set direction at each time, the measured mechanical parts are immersed into the liquid in the container 4 layer by layer, the overflowing liquid in each layer overflows into the container 8 through the overflowing hole in the container 4, and the sponge is arranged in the container 8 to ensure the stability of the overflowing liquid in the container 8, so that the weight of the overflowing liquid in each layer can be rapidly measured by the precision electronic analytical balance. The precise electronic analytical balance transmits the weight data measured each time to the computer system in real time for storage and processing.
The higher the measurement accuracy of the precision electronic analytical balance, the smaller the measuring range. Therefore, in the continuous automatic measurement process, the load of the precision electronic analytical balance needs to be unloaded before the precision electronic analytical balance approaches the measuring range, the container 8 is replaced by the automatic unloading system, the control system stops measuring and stores field data each time before the precision electronic analytical balance approaches the measuring range of the precision electronic analytical balance, then the automatic unloading system is started to replace the container 8, the precision electronic analytical balance sends the measured data to the computer for storing and processing after the new container is replaced, and the measurement control system is started to continue to measure until the measurement is finished.
And after the measurement in all directions is finished, sending the measurement data into a data processing and computing system, obtaining a volume value of the measurement data through computation, obtaining a volume equation of the layer of the micro-grid body corresponding to the grid layer, establishing a mathematical model, and solving through intelligent operation to obtain the three-dimensional space coordinate of the micro-grid body.
Inputting the point cloud data of the three-dimensional space coordinate of the micro grid body into Solidworks software to realize the method for reconstructing the measured geometric part by the micro grid body in the ordered layers.
The above examples are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A three-dimensional nondestructive measurement method based on the grid slice volume is characterized by comprising the following steps
(1) Clamping a mechanical part to be measured in a precision motion system;
(2) performing gridding division on the mechanical part according to the measurement precision, and decomposing the mechanical part into a plurality of ordered micro grid unit bodies;
(3) the moving device drives the mechanical parts to move along a plurality of set directions and discharges the liquid in the container 8;
(4) calculating the volume value of the liquid according to the mass of the liquid measured by the balance, and calculating the volume value;
(5) a mathematical model is established through the volume change of the discharged liquid, and a three-dimensional space coordinate is solved by adopting an intelligent algorithm, so that the three-dimensional measurement and reconstruction of the mechanical part are realized.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the meshes of the virtual mesh are regular hexahedrons, and the number of layers n of the virtual mesh is equal to the total number of mesh bodies
Default volume of the micro mesh is 1.
3. The three-dimensional nondestructive measurement method based on the grid slice volume as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the quality information of the overflow water corresponding to each slice entity measured in different directions is collected, and the quality information is converted into volume information by using a quality volume formula.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the geometric component is fixed in a precision motion control system, the precision motion control system drives the clamping system to move a certain micro displacement each time along a set direction, and the mechanical component to be measured is immersed into the container layer by layer, so as to ensure that the volume of the geometric component can be measured quickly.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the sponge is placed in the container on the balance to ensure the stability of the overflowing liquid in the container, so as to ensure that the precision electronic analytical balance can rapidly measure the weight of the overflowing liquid in each layer.
6. The three-dimensional nondestructive measurement method based on the grid sheet volume as claimed in claim 1, wherein the measurement device is arranged in a closed glass protective cover, the glass protective cover ensures certain humidity requirement, air flow interference and stability of ambient temperature of the measurement environment, and the computer starts the temperature and humidity monitoring system to monitor whether the ambient temperature and humidity of the measurement system meet the requirement before each measurement, so that the influence of environmental change on the measurement precision of the precision balance is eliminated.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115292433A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-04 | 南京三万零壹信息科技有限公司 | Geometric algebraic coding method for converting GIS unified data based on camera shooting metadata |
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2019
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115292433A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-04 | 南京三万零壹信息科技有限公司 | Geometric algebraic coding method for converting GIS unified data based on camera shooting metadata |
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Application publication date: 20210319 |