CN112525061A - Wireless strain testing device and method adopting nano composite material - Google Patents
Wireless strain testing device and method adopting nano composite material Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
Abstract
The invention provides a wireless strain testing device and method adopting a nano composite material, belonging to the technical field of strain measurement. Compared with other wireless sensors and MWCNT/EP strain sensors for wired measurement, the MWCNT/EP strain sensor provided by the invention has the advantages that the internal equivalent circuit of the CNT-based composite material is utilized, the wireless transmission and reception of signals of the MWCNT/EP strain sensor can be realized without an external wiring ring or circuit, and the wireless measurement of the MWCNT/EP strain sensor is realized, so that the preparation of the wireless strain sensor is simpler, more convenient and more effective, and the miniaturization and flexibility of the strain sensor are easy to realize.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of strain measurement, and particularly relates to a wireless strain testing device and method adopting a nano composite material.
Background
The strain sensor has wide application, has the characteristics of high resolution, small error, small size, light weight, large measurement range, quick frequency response and the like, is widely applied to the subjects of national defense and military, aerospace, deep sea and long-distance travel and the like, is closely related to our life, and has application in the fields of automatic industrial production, medical diagnosis, bridge safety monitoring, automobile driving and the like. For example, in the safety monitoring of aerospace and bridges, the strain gauge can play a role in early warning fatigue fracture of some important structures, so that occurrence of major disasters can be avoided; in the field of medical diagnosis, the strain gauge can be applied to a blood pressure detector for detecting blood pressure.
The main categories of strain sensors today are generally three: 1) capacitive 2) piezoresistive 3) piezoelectric, and most of these sensors require wired measurements. In many applications, however, the characteristics of the test environment can affect the proper operation of a sensor containing active electronic components. Harsh environments such as high temperature, humidity, corrosion, etc.; human body and food safety and the like. In this case, the wireless sensor becomes a mainstream method for solving the difficulty. Although some strain sensors can be used as wireless sensors, the adopted strategy is to externally connect a coil or a circuit to prepare the wireless sensor on the basis of the existing sensors, so that the preparation process of the wireless sensor is relatively complicated, and the preparation cost is increased. Therefore, it is necessary to design a wireless strain sensor which is easy to manufacture, low in manufacturing cost and small in size.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the wireless strain testing device and method adopting the nano composite material, and solves the problems of relatively complex preparation process and high manufacturing cost of the wireless sensor.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the scheme provides a wireless strain testing device adopting a nano composite material, which comprises a nano composite material strain gauge, a structure surface, a first coil, an excitation signal generator, a second coil, a third coil and an induction signal receiver, wherein the nano composite material strain gauge is arranged on the structure surface;
the nano composite material strain gauge is adhered to the surface of the structure, and the first coil is connected with an excitation signal generator; the second coil is connected with the nano composite material strain gauge; the third coil is connected with the induction signal receiver; the nano composite material strain gauge is connected with the first coil through electromagnetic induction; the second coil and the third coil are connected through electromagnetic induction.
Based on the system, the invention also provides a wireless strain testing method adopting the nano composite material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a nano composite material strain gauge, and pasting the nano composite material strain gauge on the surface of the structure;
s2, generating alternating-current voltages with different excitation signal frequencies by using an excitation signal generator, and transmitting electromagnetic waves through a first coil;
s3, responding to the electromagnetic wave by using the nano composite material strain gauge to generate induced electromotive force;
s4, generating current in the second coil according to the induced electromotive force, generating electromagnetic waves through the second coil and emitting the electromagnetic waves outwards;
s5, generating an induced voltage/current signal in a third coil according to the electromagnetic wave emitted by the second coil;
s6, reading an induced voltage/current signal generated by the third coil by using the induced signal receiver;
s7, calculating to obtain the instant resonance frequency of the nano composite material strain gauge according to different excitation signal frequencies generated by the excitation signal generator and the induction voltage/current signals read by the induction signal receiver;
and S8, completing the wireless strain test of the nano composite material according to the instant resonance frequency of the nano composite material strain gauge.
Further, when the frequency of the excitation signal emitted by the excitation signal generator is the same as the instant resonance frequency of the nano composite material strain gauge, the signal receiver acquires a maximum induced voltage/current signal generated by the third coil.
Still further, the impedance expression of the nanocomposite strain gauge is as follows:
where Z represents the impedance of the nanocomposite strain gage, R, L and C represent the resistance, inductance and capacitance, respectively, and f represents the instantaneous resonant frequency of the nanocomposite strain gage.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with other wireless sensors and MWCNT/EP strain sensors for wired measurement, the MWCNT/EP strain sensor provided by the invention can realize wireless transmission and reception of signals of the MWCNT/EP strain sensor by using an internal equivalent circuit of the CNT-based composite material without an external wiring coil or circuit.
(2) The invention realizes the wireless measurement of the MWCNT/EP strain sensor, so that the preparation of the wireless strain sensor is simpler, more convenient and more effective, the miniaturization and the flexibility of the strain sensor are easy to realize, and the problems of relatively complex preparation process and high manufacturing cost of the wireless sensor are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of wireless measurement of MWCNT/EP strain sensors of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the preparation process of the MWCNT/EP nanocomposite strain gauge in this example.
FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the MWCNT/EP nanocomposite material of this example.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of wireless measurement of the MWCNT/EP strain sensor in this embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the wireless signal receiving test results of the MWCNT/EP strain sensor of this embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the wireless test results of the MWCNT/EP strain gage of this example.
The sensor comprises a 1-nano composite material strain gauge, a 2-structure surface, a 3-first coil, a 4-excitation signal generator, a 5-second coil, a 6-third coil and a 7-induction signal receiver.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
Example 1
The MWCNT/EP nanocomposite can be used as a strain sensor, using piezoresistive properties of the MWCNT/EP nanocomposite under direct current, and there are also strain sensors prepared using the relationship between the impedance and dielectric constant loss angle of the MWCNT/EP and strain under alternating current, however, these are measured in the case of wired connection. In recent years, researches show that the CNT-based nanocomposite material has the properties of L, R and C, and a corresponding RLC equivalent circuit diagram is also provided, so that a theoretical basis is provided for wireless testing of the CNT-based composite material. Compared with other wireless sensors and MWCNT/EP strain sensors for wired measurement, the MWCNT/EP strain sensor provided by the invention has the advantages that the internal equivalent circuit of the CNT-based composite material is utilized, the wireless transmission and reception of signals of the MWCNT/EP strain sensor can be realized without an external wiring ring or circuit, and the wireless measurement of the MWCNT/EP strain sensor is realized, so that the preparation of the wireless strain sensor is simpler, more convenient and more effective, and the miniaturization and flexibility of the strain sensor are easy to realize.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a wireless strain test device adopting a nano composite material, which comprises a nano composite material strain gauge 1, a structure surface 2, a first coil 3, an excitation signal generator 4, a second coil 5, a third coil 6 and an induction signal receiver 7; the nano composite material strain gauge 1 is adhered to the structure surface 2, and the first coil 3 is connected with the excitation signal generator 4; the second coil 5 is connected with the nano composite material strain gauge 1; the third coil 6 is connected with an induction signal receiver 7; the nano composite material strain gauge 1 is connected with the first coil 3 through electromagnetic induction; the second coil 5 and the third coil 6 are connected by electromagnetic induction.
In this embodiment, the nanocomposite strain gauge 1 is adhered to the structural surface 2, and the first coil 3 is connected to the excitation signal generator 4 to form an excitation unit. The second coil 5 is connected with the nano composite material strain gauge 1 to form a signal transmitting unit, and the third coil 6 is connected with the induction signal receiver 7 to form a signal receiving unit.
In this embodiment, the second coil 5 may be omitted, and the excitation unit and the receiving unit may be integrated, that is, the first coil 3 and the third coil 6 are combined, and the excitation signal generator 4 and the induction signal receiver 7 are integrated.
In this embodiment, when the MWCNT/EP nanocomposite strain gauge 1 is used to measure the strain of a structure, the excitation signal generator 4 generates a series of ac voltages of different frequencies, and emits an electromagnetic wave through the first coil 3. The nanocomposite strain gauge 1, due to its RLC circuit characteristics, will respond to the electromagnetic wave emitted from the first coil 3 to generate an induced electromotive force, and generate a current in the second coil 5, and the second coil 5 will generate the electromagnetic wave and emit the electromagnetic wave. The electromagnetic wave emitted from the second coil 5 generates induced voltage/current in the third coil 6, and the induced signal receiver 7 can read the voltage/current signal in the third coil 6. No conducting wire is arranged between the nano composite material strain gauge 1 and the first coil 3, and between the second coil 5 and the third coil 6, and the connection is established through electromagnetic induction. The excitation signal generator 4 generates a sweep frequency signal, induction voltages with different strengths are generated in the nano composite material strain gauge 1, and the induction signal receiver 7 obtains different induction voltage/current values. According to the electromagnetic induction theory, when the frequency of the excitation signal is the same as the instant resonance frequency of the strain gauge, the maximum voltage/current value is obtained in the signal receiver. Thus, the signal output by the excitation signal generator 4 and the voltage/current readings taken in the sensing signal receiver 7 allow the instantaneous resonant frequency of the nanocomposite strain gauge 1 to be calculated. On the other hand, the instant resonance frequency of the nanocomposite strain gauge 1 has a stable physical relationship with the strain thereof, and accordingly, the strain of the strain gauge can be calculated.
In this embodiment, compared with other wireless sensors and wired MWCNT/EP strain sensors, the MWCNT/EP strain sensor provided by the invention can realize wireless transmission and reception of signals of the MWCNT/EP strain sensor by using an internal equivalent circuit of the CNT-based composite material without an external connection coil or circuit, and realizes wireless measurement of the MWCNT/EP strain sensor, so that the preparation of the wireless strain sensor is simpler, more convenient and more effective, and the miniaturization and flexibility of the strain sensor are also easy to realize.
In this embodiment, the instant resonant frequency of the nanocomposite strain gauge 1 has a monotonic function relationship with the strain thereof. For different materials (different carbon nanotube content or different substrates such as CNT/PDMS, CNT/PVDF, etc.), the parameters of the functional relationship will change, resulting in different sensitivity of the sensor, but the testing principle is not changed.
In this embodiment, the present application only gives an example of a scheme of a wireless measurement principle, but other wireless strain measurement schemes (such as using a radio frequency antenna RFID technology, etc.) that are extended and designed based on the force-electrical characteristics of the MWCNT/EP strain gauge, that is, the RLC internal equivalent circuit and the electromagnetic induction principle, should be within the scope of protection claimed in the present application.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention provides a wireless strain testing method of a wireless strain testing apparatus using a nanocomposite material, which is implemented as follows:
s1, manufacturing a nano composite material strain gauge, and pasting the nano composite material strain gauge on the surface of the structure;
s2, generating alternating-current voltages with different excitation signal frequencies by using an excitation signal generator, and transmitting electromagnetic waves through a first coil;
s3, responding to the electromagnetic wave by using the nano composite material strain gauge to generate induced electromotive force;
s4, generating current in the second coil according to the induced electromotive force, and generating electromagnetic waves through the second coil to be emitted outwards;
s5, generating an induced voltage/current signal in a third coil according to the electromagnetic wave emitted by the second coil;
s6, reading an induced voltage/current signal generated by the third coil by using the induced signal receiver;
s7, calculating to obtain the instant resonance frequency of the nano composite material strain gauge according to different excitation signal frequencies generated by the excitation signal generator and the induction voltage/current signals read by the induction signal receiver; when the frequency of the excitation signal emitted by the excitation signal generator is the same as the instant resonant frequency of the nano composite material strain gauge, the signal receiver acquires a maximum induced voltage/current signal generated by the third coil;
and S8, completing the wireless strain test of the nano composite material according to the instant resonance frequency of the nano composite material strain gauge.
In this example, as shown in fig. 3, a multiwall carbon nanotube/epoxy nanocomposite film was prepared using multiwall carbon nanotubes and epoxy. The preparation process of the MWCNT/EP composite material can be divided into the following three steps: 1) uniformly mixing MWCNTs, EP and a curing agent by using a planetary stirrer, drying and preheating the mixture at 80 ℃ by using a drying box, stirring the preheated mixture at 2000rpm for 5 minutes by using a rotation and revolution stirrer, then performing ultrasonic analysis on the stirred mixture for 2 minutes by using an ultrasonic disperser with the power of 500W, and stirring the ultrasonically analyzed mixture at 2000rpm for 5 minutes (1 minute for defoaming) by using the rotation and revolution stirrer to obtain a final mixture; 2) pouring the prepared final mixture into a specific square-shaped copper net, leveling the mixture, putting the mixture into a drying oven, and curing the mixture into a film; 3) and cutting the prepared film into designed sizes to finish the manufacture of the nano composite material strain gauge.
In this embodiment, since the multi-walled carbon nanotubes MWCNTs have different shapes in the matrix and are randomly distributed to form a conductive network, the MWCNT/EP composite material has properties of resistance, inductance, and capacitance, the equivalent circuit is shown in fig. 4, U in fig. 4 represents the voltage across the composite material, IcRepresenting the current of the capacitive branch, IrRepresenting the current of the resistive branch, the impedance Z of the circuit can be represented by the formula (1), wherein R, L, C represent the resistance, the inductance andand (4) a capacitor.
In this embodiment, fig. 4 is a typical RLC oscillation circuit, and it can be known from the circuit impedance characteristic that when f is the resonant frequency of the circuit, the impedance Z is minimum, and the imaginary part of the impedance Z is zero at this time, and appears as a pure resistance to the outside. Available resonance frequency f:
the frequency of the MWCNT/EP composite sheet depends on the R, L, C, and on the other hand, the values of R, L, C are related to the strain to which the composite sheet is subjected. When the sheet is deformed, the spatial position of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes inside the material changes, and the values of R, L and C change accordingly, thereby affecting the resonance frequency f of the sheet.
In this embodiment, the excitation signal generator generates a sweep signal, induced voltages with different intensities are generated in the nanocomposite strain gauge, and the induced signal receiver obtains different induced voltage/current values. According to the electromagnetic induction theory, when the excitation signal frequency is the same as the resonance frequency of the strain gauge, the maximum voltage/current value is obtained in the signal receiver. Thus, the instantaneous resonant frequency of the nanocomposite strain gage can be calculated from the signal output by the exciter and the voltage/current readings taken in the receiver. On the other hand, the resonance frequency of the nano composite material strain gauge and the strain thereof have a stable physical relationship, so that the strain of the strain gauge can be calculated.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, fig. 5 shows a test platform for wireless measurement of MWCNT/EP strain sensor. In the experiment, the MWCNT/EP strain gauge is pasted on the surface of the cantilever beam, the weight is hung at the end part of the cantilever beam, and the strain gauge can bear different strains by changing the mass of the weight. The first coil wirelessly transmits voltage signals with different frequencies and the same voltage generated by the signal generator to the MWCNT/EP strain gauge, and the induced voltage generated in the MWCNT/EP strain gauge is measured by an oscilloscope after the induced voltage is coupled and induced by the second coil and the third coil.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the MWCNT/EP nanocomposite strain gauge can respond to the excitation signal in different strain states, the induced electromotive force generated thereby changes with the frequency of the excitation signal, and when the frequency of the excitation signal is the same as the resonance frequency of the strain gauge itself, the induced electromotive force in the strain gauge reaches a peak value. Experiments show that the resonance frequency corresponding to the peak value generates a frequency shift phenomenon along with the strain borne by the strain gauge. When the MWCNT/EP strain sensor is stretched, the values of L, C, R in the internal equivalent circuit of the sensor change, resulting in an increase in the resonant frequency of the MWCNT/EP strain sensor, whereas when the strain sensor is compressed, the resonant frequency decreases. Definition of Δ f ═ f-f0，α＝Δf/f0And KαWhere Δ f denotes the amount of change in frequency, α denotes the rate of change in frequency, KαRepresenting the sensitivity of the sensor,. epsilon.represents the strain, f represents the resonance frequency of the MWCNT/EP composite strain gage, f0Indicating its initial value in a zero strain state. The experimental results of fig. 6 and 7 show that the resonance frequency of the MWCNT/EP strain gauge has a monotonic functional relationship with its strain, thereby verifying the feasibility of the strain wireless measurement scheme proposed by the present application.
In this embodiment, the resonant frequency of the nanocomposite strain gauge has a monotonic function relationship with its strain. For different materials (different carbon nanotube content or different substrates such as CNT/PDMS, CNT/PVDF, etc.), the parameters of the functional relationship will change, resulting in different sensitivity of the sensor, but the testing principle is not changed.
In this embodiment, the present application only gives an example of a scheme of wireless measurement principle, but other wireless strain measurement schemes (such as RFID technology using radio frequency antenna) that are extended and designed based on the force-electrical characteristics of MWCNT/EP strain gauge, that is, the RLC internal equivalent circuit and the electromagnetic induction principle, should be within the scope of protection claimed in the present application.
In this embodiment, compared with other wireless sensors and wired MWCNT/EP strain sensors, the MWCNT/EP strain sensor provided by the invention can realize wireless transmission and reception of signals of the MWCNT/EP strain sensor by using an internal equivalent circuit of the CNT-based composite material without an external connection coil or circuit, and realizes wireless measurement of the MWCNT/EP strain sensor, so that the preparation of the wireless strain sensor is simpler, more convenient and more effective, and the miniaturization and flexibility of the strain sensor are also easy to realize.
Claims (4)
1. A wireless strain testing device adopting a nano composite material is characterized by comprising a nano composite material strain gauge (1), a structural surface (2), a first coil (3), an excitation signal generator (4), a second coil (5), a third coil (6) and an induction signal receiver (7);
the nano composite material strain gauge (1) is adhered to the structure surface (2), and the first coil (3) is connected with the excitation signal generator (4); the second coil (5) is connected with the nano composite material strain gauge (1); the third coil (6) is connected with an induction signal receiver (7); the nano composite material strain gauge (1) is connected with the first coil (3) through electromagnetic induction; the second coil (5) and the third coil (6) are connected through electromagnetic induction.
2. The wireless strain testing method of the wireless strain testing apparatus using nanocomposite material according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, manufacturing a nano composite material strain gauge, and pasting the nano composite material strain gauge on the surface of the structure;
s2, generating alternating-current voltages with different excitation signal frequencies by using an excitation signal generator, and transmitting electromagnetic waves through a first coil;
s3, responding to the electromagnetic wave by using the nano composite material strain gauge to generate induced electromotive force;
s4, generating current in the second coil according to the induced electromotive force, generating electromagnetic waves through the second coil and emitting the electromagnetic waves outwards;
s5, generating an induced voltage/current signal in a third coil according to the electromagnetic wave emitted by the second coil;
s6, reading an induced voltage/current signal generated by the third coil by using the induced signal receiver;
s7, calculating to obtain the instant resonance frequency of the nano composite material strain gauge according to different excitation signal frequencies generated by the excitation signal generator and the induction voltage/current signals read by the induction signal receiver;
and S8, completing the wireless strain test of the nano composite material according to the instant resonance frequency of the nano composite material strain gauge.
3. The wireless strain test method of the wireless strain test device using nanocomposite material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the signal receiver obtains the maximum induced voltage/current signal generated by the third coil when the frequency of the excitation signal emitted from the excitation signal generator is the same as the instantaneous resonance frequency of the nanocomposite material strain gauge.
4. The wireless strain test method of the wireless strain test device adopting the nano composite material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the impedance expression of the nano composite material strain gauge is as follows:
where Z represents the impedance of the nanocomposite strain gage, R, L and C represent the resistance, inductance and capacitance, respectively, and f represents the instantaneous resonant frequency of the nanocomposite strain gage.
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