CN112521677A - Ash-plastic composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Ash-plastic composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112521677A CN112521677A CN202011475535.6A CN202011475535A CN112521677A CN 112521677 A CN112521677 A CN 112521677A CN 202011475535 A CN202011475535 A CN 202011475535A CN 112521677 A CN112521677 A CN 112521677A
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- fly ash
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical group CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical group O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/06—Polyethene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0268—Separation of metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
- B29C2948/92704—Temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
- B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
- C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/08—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing additives to improve the compatibility between two polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
- C08L2207/20—Recycled plastic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a lime-plastic composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein carbon residue and heavy metal in fly ash are removed firstly, so that the moisture absorption rate of the fly ash is reduced; adding the raw materials into a high-temperature mixer, and automatically heating by using heat generated by high-speed rotation of a propeller to evaporate a large amount of water; and finally, an extrusion forming technology is adopted, the raw materials rotate forward in the direction of the screw in the extrusion process, and the raw materials are better plasticized, various materials are more uniformly mixed and the molecular structure is more compactly combined through the shearing, extrusion and friction force of the screw. The gray plastic composite material prepared by the method has the advantages of low water absorption, rot resistance, moth prevention, good toughness, no pollution, aging resistance, no fading, no crack, no wood scab, no leftover material, randomly prepared color, vivid wood grain, capability of planing, nailing and sawing, recycling and good economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a gray plastic composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Fly ash is a byproduct produced by coal burning industries such as thermal power stations and the like. The accumulation of the fly ash occupies a large amount of land, and the flying dust of the fly ash causes PM2.5 air pollution, thereby bringing great pressure to environmental protection. In order to reduce the pollution of the fly ash to the environment, many students have conducted extensive and intensive research on the comprehensive recycling of the fly ash.
The method for recycling the fly ash is to modify the fly ash and apply the modified fly ash as a filler to plastics, however, the reinforcing effect is not obvious or even reduced after the fly ash is filled in the PE, even if the fly ash is thinned to a nanometer level, the fly ash has almost no reinforcing effect on PE/ABS, and the more the fly ash is, the lower the strength is; similarly, the more fly ash is filled in the PVC filler, the poorer the performance of the composite material is; when the fly ash is added into PA, with the increase of the content of the fly ash, although the bending strength, the rigidity, the dielectric strength, the heat resistance and the dimensional stability of the composite material are improved, the tensile strength, the elongation at break and the impact strength are obviously reduced, and the reduction is more obvious by adopting the coarse fly ash. Therefore, how to realize the high-efficiency reinforced filling of the fly ash in the plastic with high filling amount is one of the important research points in the future.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a gray plastic composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, which aim to solve the problem that a large amount of fly ash cannot be filled in waste plastic in the related art.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing a lime-plastic composite material by using fly ash, which comprises the following steps:
(1) removing more than 80 wt% of carbon residue and heavy metal in the fly ash to obtain harmless fly ash;
(2) adding the raw materials into a high-speed mixer, mixing the raw materials at the rotating speed of 800-1000 rpm, transferring the raw materials into a cooling cylinder of equipment when the temperature of the raw materials is raised to 115-140 ℃ due to friction heating, and cooling to normal temperature; the raw materials comprise 65 weight parts of harmless fly ash, 27.7 weight parts of waste polyethylene plastic, 2.2 weight parts of plasticizer, 2.3 weight parts of compatilizer, 1.8 weight parts of lubricant and 1 weight part of color powder; the lubricant is a mixture of paraffin, polyethylene wax and stearic acid in a weight ratio of 30:30: 40;
(3) adding raw materials into a parallel double-screw granulator, and sequentially setting the temperature of each section according to the material flow direction: extruding 6-8 mm ash-plastic master batch at 200 ℃, 195 ℃, 190 ℃, 185 ℃, 180 ℃, 175 ℃, 170 ℃ and 165 ℃;
(4) adding the gray plastic master batch into a conical double-extruder, and sequentially setting the temperature of each section according to the material flowing direction: secondary plasticizing at 190 deg.c, 185 deg.c, 180 deg.c, 175 deg.c, 170 deg.c and 165 deg.c, and extruding out composite lime-plastic material.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the harmless fly ash is obtained by the following steps: separating heavy metals contained in the fly ash by using a combined separation mode, so that the content of the heavy metals in the fly ash is reduced by 80-100 wt%; the combined sorting mode comprises one or more of magnetic separation, reselection and electric separation.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the heavy metal is one or more of iron, titanium, copper, lead, zinc, chromium and cadmium.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the particle size of the harmless fly ash is 50-500 meshes, and the particle size of the waste polyethylene plastic is less than or equal to 6 mm.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the plasticizer is dioctyl phthalate, and the lubricant is a mixture of paraffin, polyethylene wax and stearic acid in a weight ratio of 30:30: 40; the color powder is ferric oxide inorganic toner.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the solubility of the waste polyethylene plastics is 1.0, and the ash content is less than 3 wt%.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the method further comprises the embossing step: setting the temperature of the embossing machine to be 100 +/-5 ℃, rotating the roller after the temperature reaches the set temperature of each section, and putting the gray plastic composite material into a high-temperature roller embossing machine for embossing.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the method further comprises the following steps: and (2) adding the harmless fly ash obtained in the step (1) into a high-speed mixer, rotating the high-speed mixer at the rotating speed of 800-1000 rpm, discharging the harmless fly ash into a cooling cylinder after the harmless fly ash is heated to 140 ℃ due to friction, cooling to normal temperature, and then entering the step (2) for use.
In a second aspect, the invention also provides a gray plastic composite material prepared by the method.
In a third aspect, the invention also provides application of the gray plastic composite material in garden landscape, exterior wall decoration and home decoration.
The method for preparing the gray plastic composite material by using the fly ash provided by the invention adopts the fly ash and the waste polyethylene plastic which are subjected to innocent treatment as main raw materials, and the gray plastic composite material is formed by mixing, granulating and extruding. The large amount of the fly ash can change waste, polluted and industrial garbage harmful to modern society into valuable, save resources, realize recycling and recycle, and the product can be recycled for the second time.
The waste polyethylene plastic is adopted as a heat-sensitive material, and the excessive temperature can cause the degradation and gelatinization of the polyethylene plastic. The invention solves the problems of extrusion non-forming or product surface cracking, product instability and the like caused by coke materials and paste materials when the temperature is higher than the plastic melting limit point of polyethylene plastic by 200 ℃ in the secondary plasticizing process during production; the invention also solves the problem that the lubricant sold in the market can not be extruded or extruded to crack by self-prepared composite lubricant, namely the mixture of the paraffin wax, the polyethylene wax and the stearic acid with the weight ratio of 30:30: 40.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail as follows:
the fly ash is fine ash captured from flue gas generated after coal combustion, contains porous carbon residue which is easy to absorb water, and improves the water absorption rate of the fly ash; SiO contained therein2、Fe2O3With Al2O3The components are not hygroscopic per se, but exist in the form of hydroxyl groups (-M-OH, wherein M represents Si, Fe and Al), and water molecules are adsorbed to the hydroxyl groups through hydrogen bonds, so that the fly ash has certain water absorbability. Therefore, the water absorption of the lime-plastic composite material is gradually improved along with the increase of the mixing amount of the fly ash. Because high water content can make the plastic product lose gloss and foam, and when it is seriously crisp, the water content of raw material must be strictly controlled below 0.5 wt% in the course of processing and manufacturing the plastic product.
According to the method for preparing the ash-plastic composite material by using the fly ash, the carbon residue and heavy metal in the fly ash are removed, so that the moisture absorption rate of the fly ash is reduced; adding the raw materials into a high-temperature mixer, and automatically heating by utilizing the self heat generated by the high-speed rotation of a propeller to evaporate a large amount of water; and finally, performing extrusion molding on the fly ash and the waste polyethylene plastic, rotating the raw material in the screw rod direction in the extrusion process, changing the shearing rheological property through shearing, extruding and friction force of the screw rod, so that the raw material is better in plasticization, various materials are more uniformly mixed, the molecular structure is more densely combined, the quality is more stable, and when the screw rod rotates, the water in the material is pumped out by virtue of vacuum equipment of the equipment, so that the more dense the material is, the lower the water content is, the lower the water absorption rate of the molded product is, the smaller the deformation is, and various complex end faces can be made.
The method for preparing the ash-plastic composite material by using the fly ash provided by the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) removing more than 80 wt% of carbon residue and heavy metal in the fly ash to obtain harmless fly ash;
(2) adding the raw materials into a high-speed mixer, mixing the raw materials at the rotating speed of 800-1000 rpm, transferring the raw materials into a cooling cylinder of equipment when the temperature of the raw materials is raised to 115-140 ℃ due to friction heating, and cooling to normal temperature; the raw materials comprise 65 parts by weight of harmless fly ash, 27.7 parts by weight of waste polyethylene plastic, 2.2 parts by weight of plasticizer, 2.3 parts by weight of compatilizer, 1.8 parts by weight of lubricant and 1 part by weight of color powder; the lubricant is a mixture of paraffin, polyethylene wax and stearic acid in a weight ratio of 30:30: 40;
(3) adding raw materials into a parallel double-screw granulator, and sequentially setting the temperature of each section according to the material flow direction: obtaining the ash-plastic master batch with the diameter of 6-8 mm at 200 ℃, 195 ℃, 190 ℃, 185 ℃, 180 ℃, 175 ℃, 170 ℃ and 165 ℃;
(4) adding the gray plastic master batch into a conical double-extruder, and sequentially setting the temperature of each section according to the material flowing direction: secondary plasticizing at 190 deg.c, 185 deg.c, 180 deg.c, 175 deg.c, 170 deg.c and 165 deg.c, and extruding out composite lime-plastic material.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to data in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1: innocent treatment of fly ash
Removing more than 80 wt% of carbon residue in the fly ash by adopting an electric separation method; screening heavy metals (including harmful substances such as iron, titanium, copper, lead, zinc, chromium, cadmium and the like) contained in the fly ash by utilizing a combined sorting mode including one or more of magnetic separation, gravity separation and electric separation, so that the content of the heavy metals in the fly ash is reduced by 80-100 wt%, and the harmless fly ash is obtained.
Examples 2 to 7
(1) Preparation of the raw materials used in examples 2 to 7: the particle size of the harmless fly ash prepared in the embodiment 1 is 50-500 meshes; common waste polyethylene plastic with the solubility of fat of 1.0, the ash content of less than 3wt percent and the grain diameter of less than or equal to 6 mm; plasticizer: dioctyl phthalate (DOP); a compatilizer: maleic anhydride grafted compatibilizing agent; self-prepared composite lubricant: a mixture of paraffin, polyethylene wax and stearic acid in a weight ratio of 30:30: 40; color powder: an iron oxide-based inorganic toner.
TABLE 1 formulation of the gray plastic composites of examples 2-7
| Examples | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Harmless fly ash | 45 | 50 | 55 | 60 | 65 | 70 |
| Waste polyethylene plastic | 48.3 | 43.6 | 38 | 32.3 | 27.7 | 21 |
| Plasticizer | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.5 |
| Compatilizer | 2 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.5 |
| Lubricant agent | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.8 | 3 |
| Color powder | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
(2) Mixing: adding raw materials into a high-speed mixer according to a formula shown in table 1, starting equipment, setting the rotating speed to be 1000 revolutions per minute, putting the mixed raw materials into a cooling cylinder from the high-speed mixer by utilizing a friction heating principle when the temperature is automatically raised to 140 ℃, cooling to 8-10 minutes by utilizing circulating water of the cooling cylinder to reach the normal temperature, and discharging for later use.
(3) And (3) granulation: adding the mixed mixture into a parallel double-screw granulator, setting the current to be 180A, and sequentially setting the temperature of each section according to the material flow direction: 200 ℃, 195 ℃, 190 ℃, 185 ℃, 180 ℃, 175 ℃, 170 ℃ and 165 ℃, when the temperature reaches a preset value, the current shows 180A, the feeder is automatically started, and the screw rod extrudes the gray plastic master batch with the diameter of 6-8 mm at the rotating speed of 10 revolutions per minute.
(4) Molding: adding the gray plastic master batch into a conical double-extruder, and sequentially setting the temperature of each section according to the material flowing direction according to the low-temperature forming principle: setting the screw rotation speed at 190 ℃, 185 ℃, 180 ℃, 175 ℃, 170 ℃ and 165 ℃ to 10 r/min, displaying the current at 45A when the temperature reaches a preset value, automatically starting a feeding machine, secondarily plasticizing the gray plastic master batch, extruding through dies with various end faces, and cutting into gray plastic composite material sections with different specifications according to corresponding length requirements.
(5) And (3) performance testing: the hollow gray plastic composite material section prepared in the embodiment 2-7, wherein the center distance between two points is 320mm, and 140cm × 25cm, is used as a sample for testing, and the bending load reaches 6000N, which is twice of that of common wood. Table 2 shows other performance indexes of the hollow gray plastic composite material profile:
TABLE 2 Performance indices of hollow gray plastic composite profiles prepared in examples 2-7
The test results in Table 2 were analyzed to give: the hollow gray plastic composite material profiles of the embodiments 2 to 4 have the conditions of good flowing, difficult molding and low yield during extrusion; the hollow gray plastic composite material section of the embodiment 5 can be formed, but has larger shrinkage; the hollow gray plastic composite section of example 7 has poor material flow, rough surface and cracks, the hollow gray plastic composite section of example 6 is perfect, and the result can be obtained from the test data.
Example 8
(1) Embossing: the temperature of the embossing machine is set to 95-105 ℃, after the temperature reaches the set temperature, the roller rotates, and the hollow gray plastic composite section bar of the embodiment 6 is put into the high-temperature roller embossing machine.
(2) And packaging the embossed product, and putting the product into a warehouse for transportation, wherein the whole production process is finished.
Example 9
The harmless fly ash prepared in example 1 was treated again: putting the harmless fly ash into a high-speed mixer, automatically heating by utilizing self heat generated by high-speed rotation of a propeller of the equipment, evaporating a large amount of water when the temperature reaches 100 ℃, putting the harmless fly ash into a cooling cylinder of the equipment when the temperature reaches 140 ℃, cooling for 8-10min by utilizing a circulating water cooling system carried by the cooling cylinder to reach normal temperature, and discharging for later use. The cooled harmless fly ash is prepared into a gray plastic composite material section according to the formula and the process of the embodiment 4, the water absorption rate is 1.2 percent, the deformation coefficient is 0.5 percent, the bending strength is 40.1MPa, the elastic modulus is 4603MPa, the combustion index is 220W/S, the material is well formed, the surface is smooth, and no bubble point exists.
Example 10
According to the formula and the process of the example 6, the lubricant is replaced by a commercially available lubricant, namely, the types of the lubricant are repulped YP-803, repulped YP-805 and repulped YP-811, and the profile cannot be extruded when the repulped YP-803 is adopted and is cracked when the repulped YP-805 and the repulped YP-811 are adopted.
The gray plastic composite material prepared by the invention has the advantages of low water absorption, rot resistance, moth prevention, good toughness, no pollution, aging resistance, no fading, no crack, no wood scab, no leftover material, randomly prepared color, vivid wood grain, capability of planing, nailing, sawing, recycling and the like, and has the double advantages of marble and plastic. The gray plastic composite material section is suitable for garden landscapes, exterior wall decoration, wooden trestle, guardrails, household bathrooms, balconies and the like, and is a basic material with wide coverage, multiple product types and various morphological structures.
The foregoing are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a lime-plastic composite material by using fly ash is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) removing more than 80 wt% of carbon residue and heavy metal in the fly ash to obtain harmless fly ash;
(2) adding the raw materials into a high-speed mixer, mixing the raw materials at the rotating speed of 800-1000 rpm, transferring the raw materials into a cooling cylinder of equipment when the temperature of the raw materials is raised to 115-140 ℃ due to friction heating, and cooling to normal temperature; the raw materials comprise 65 parts by weight of harmless fly ash, 27.7 parts by weight of waste polyethylene plastic, 2.2 parts by weight of plasticizer, 2.3 parts by weight of compatilizer, 1.8 parts by weight of lubricant and 1 part by weight of color powder; the lubricant is a mixture of paraffin, polyethylene wax and stearic acid in a weight ratio of 30:30: 40;
(3) adding raw materials into a parallel double-screw granulator, and sequentially setting the temperature of each section according to the material flow direction: extruding 6-8 mm ash-plastic master batch at 200 ℃, 195 ℃, 190 ℃, 185 ℃, 180 ℃, 175 ℃, 170 ℃ and 165 ℃;
(4) adding the gray plastic master batch into a conical double-extruder, and sequentially setting the temperature of each section according to the material flowing direction: secondary plasticizing at 190 deg.c, 185 deg.c, 180 deg.c, 175 deg.c, 170 deg.c and 165 deg.c, and extruding out composite lime-plastic material.
2. The method for preparing a gray plastic composite material by using fly ash as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the harmless fly ash is obtained by the following steps: separating heavy metals contained in the fly ash by using a combined separation mode, so that the content of the heavy metals in the fly ash is reduced by 80-100 wt%; the combined separation mode comprises one or more of magnetic separation, reselection and electric separation.
3. The method for preparing a composite material of ash and plastic by using fly ash as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the heavy metal is one or more of iron, titanium, copper, lead, zinc, chromium and cadmium.
4. The method for preparing a gray plastic composite material by using fly ash as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fineness of the harmless fly ash is 50-500 meshes, and the particle size of the waste polyethylene plastic is less than or equal to 6 mm.
5. The method for preparing a gray plastic composite material by using fly ash as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the plasticizer is dioctyl phthalate, and the color powder is ferric oxide inorganic toner.
6. The method for preparing a gray plastic composite material by using fly ash as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the solubility of fat of the waste polyethylene plastic is 1.0, and the ash content is less than 3 wt%.
7. The method for preparing a gray plastic composite material by using fly ash as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method further comprises an embossing step: setting the temperature of the embossing machine to be 100 +/-5 ℃, rotating the roller after the temperature reaches the set temperature of each section, and putting the gray plastic composite material into a high-temperature roller embossing machine for embossing.
8. The method for preparing a gray plastic composite material by using fly ash as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (2) adding the harmless fly ash obtained in the step (1) into a high-speed mixer, rotating the high-speed mixer at the rotating speed of 800-1000 rpm, discharging the harmless fly ash into a cooling cylinder after the harmless fly ash is heated to 140 ℃ due to friction, cooling to normal temperature, and then entering the step (2) for use.
9. A kind of gray plastic composite material, characterized by: prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Use of the gray plastic composite of claim 9 in landscape architecture, exterior wall decoration, home decoration.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102911462A (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2013-02-06 | 东莞市祺龙电业有限公司 | Waste PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) and fly ash composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN107434880A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-12-05 | 安徽创能环保材料有限公司 | A kind of brilliant moulding material and preparation method thereof |
| US20180072889A1 (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2018-03-15 | Nanjing Tech University | Lignin Enhanced Wood-Plastic Material and Preparation Method thereof |
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2020
- 2020-12-14 CN CN202011475535.6A patent/CN112521677A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102911462A (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2013-02-06 | 东莞市祺龙电业有限公司 | Waste PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) and fly ash composite material and preparation method thereof |
| US20180072889A1 (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2018-03-15 | Nanjing Tech University | Lignin Enhanced Wood-Plastic Material and Preparation Method thereof |
| CN107434880A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-12-05 | 安徽创能环保材料有限公司 | A kind of brilliant moulding material and preparation method thereof |
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| Title |
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| 刘立柱;高遇事;王勇;闫亚楠;陈彦翠;贾韶辉;: "利用粉煤灰等无机固体废弃物制备塑料基复合板材工艺可行性探讨" * |
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Application publication date: 20210319 |