CN112521455A - Polypeptide for detecting bladder cancer antigen protein specificity and application thereof - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
A polypeptide for detecting bladder cancer antigen protein specificity and application thereof belong to the technical field of biological medicine, and the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide is KHFTHNHHPITW. The invention screens out the polypeptide combined with the specific antigen of the human bladder cancer by utilizing the phage display technology, and lays a foundation for the development of medicaments for the in vitro non-invasive diagnosis and the targeted therapy of the bladder cancer by combining the detection method of the surface enhanced Raman scattering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological medicines, and particularly relates to a specific polypeptide for detecting human bladder cancer.
Background
Bladder cancer refers to malignant tumor occurring on the mucous membrane of the bladder, is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system, is one of ten common tumors of the whole body, accounts for the first place of the incidence rate of the genitourinary tumor in China, and has the incidence rate second to prostate cancer in the west, which is 2 nd. Bladder cancer is considered a highly immunogenic type of cancer with a higher mutation rate than other types of cancer. Since the time of diagnosis directly affects the survival of the patient, early detection and lifelong monitoring of bladder cancer is very important.
Preliminary diagnostic tests for bladder cancer typically include cystoscopy and urine cytology. Cystoscopy is a gold standard for early diagnosis and staging of bladder cancer. If a bladder lump is found, transurethral cystotomy (TURBT) is performed. Excised bladder tumor specimens should include muscle to adequately assess the depth of tumor infiltration. If Carcinoma In Situ (CIS) is found, multiple random biopsies, including several different regions of the bladder and prostatic urethra, may be required to assess the extent of tumor distribution.
The urothelial cancer tissue is excised or biopsied, the tumors are graded according to their microscopic morphology, and the depth of infiltration of the tumors is assessed. Tumors are classified as low-grade or high-grade, and the diagnostic system relies on atypical degree, hypertrophy of the urinary epithelial cell layer, and orthogonal orientation to stratify the tumor into low-risk or high-risk recurrent tumors.
Clinical pathology features the transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is divided into two groups: non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC). Of these, MIBC is the leading cause of cancer-specific death in patients with bladder cancer. Although NMIBC is better survivable than MIBC and other malignancies, 30-50% of NMIBC patients will experience relapse after their treatment, with approximately 10-20% of relapses progressing to MIBC. Therefore, reducing the chances of recurrence and progression of bladder cancer has always been a major challenge for patients and physicians.
The current diagnosis of bladder cancer includes cystoscopy, urinalysis, color ultrasonography, CT nuclear magnetism, etc., of which the most common method is cystoscopy. Cystoscopy is an effective but invasive tool for detecting bladder cancer, has low sensitivity to carcinoma in situ (Tis), and is likely to be missed because its accuracy depends on the skill of the operator, and is more difficult to diagnose especially in the case of recurrence. The sensitivity and specificity of cystoscopes are 62-84% and 43-98%, respectively, and depend on the type, stage and grade of the tumor. In addition, since cystoscopy is an invasive examination method, pain in urination (50%), frequency of urination (37%), hematuria (19%) and infection (3%) may frequently occur after examination, which may have adverse effects on the mind and body of the patient.
A noninvasive diagnosis method of urine cytology is utilized, a cytology technology is mainly adopted to detect the fallen tumor cells in urine, the sensitivity of the method is different from 28% to 100%, and the median is 44%. The sensitivity to high-grade tumors is high, and the sensitivity to low-grade tumors is only 4 to 31 percent. Cytology is commonly used as an aid to cystoscopy. It therefore tends to facilitate the detection of high-grade diseases, the sensitivity of which depends on the experience of the cytopathologist. It is generally positive in the detection of high-grade diseases, but has limited use in the detection of low-grade diseases. When cystoscopy is negative and urine cytology is positive, further diagnosis is usually required in the form of urinary tract imaging (such as CT urography, MR urography or intravenous pyelography) and ureteroscopy direct visualization or detection of bladder cancer markers.
The bladder cancer markers are mostly distributed on the surface of urinary epithelial cells or in urine, and the risk of cancer of a patient is predicted by detecting the corresponding markers, so that the method has important significance in the processes of medical basic research and clinical research.
Urinary bladder cancer antigen (UBC) as a novel marker of bladder tumors is essentially cytokeratin fragments 8 and 18 from bladder tumors. Cytokeratins (CKs) are a multigenic family of proteins that form in vivo water-insoluble intermediate fragments that are epithelial-derived cell-specific. From different epithelial tissues, there are 20 different CKs, further classified into type 1 (CK9-20) and type 2 (CK 1-8). Cytokeratins are markers of epithelial differentiation and a cell type can be identified by the expression of a specific cytokeratin. Specific cytokeratin fragments of normal urothelial origin and urothelial tumor origin are present in urine and can therefore serve as potential markers for bladder cancer. The learners use a qualitative UBC test method, and the method of calculating the area under the curve (AUC) and the like by the method of drawing an operation characteristic (ROC) curve and the like of a subject through clinical detection is used for analyzing the diagnosis accuracy of the UBC, and the overall sensitivity and specificity of the UBC also reach 61.3 percent and 77.3 percent respectively. Is the marker with the highest sensitivity for detecting bladder cancer antigen in urine at present.
Tumor targeting peptides (THPs) refer to polypeptides capable of specifically binding to tumor cells. Researches show that in the process of generating and developing tumors, the expression profile of cell surface protein genes has specific molecular expression change, and a group of codes of specific cancer types are formed, so that the genes become targets for early eliminating or diagnosing the tumors. The currently discovered tumor targeting peptides are usually active peptides with small molecular weight consisting of 5-31 amino acids. Compared with other antibodies, the small molecule polypeptide overcomes the problem that the antibodies have heterology; the molecular weight is small, the biological barrier is easy to pass through, the tissue can be effectively permeated, the affinity is high, and the efficient concentration of the ligand is ensured; easy chemical synthesis, low cost, automatic design, ensured physical, chemical and biological properties, and can carry fluorescent dye or medicine for targeted optical imaging and treatment. In the last decade, tumor targeting peptides have become effective targeting vehicles for anticancer agents and imaging agents for tumor regions.
Phage Display Technology (PDT) was first discovered by Smith, and has been a powerful tool for discovering new functional polypeptides and changing the properties of existing polypeptides, and has been widely used in cell biology, protein engineering, and other fields. The PDT basic principle is to insert the gene of the foreign protein or polypeptide into the proper position of the structural gene of the coat protein of the phage, to fuse the two genes and express the fused genes on the surface of the phage, so that the displayed foreign protein or polypeptide not only keeps relatively independent spatial structure and biological activity, but also does not affect the infection capacity of the recombinant phage to host bacteria, thereby establishing the relationship between phenotype and genotype. It has the advantages of simple and convenient, high-efficiency and large-flux screening, can be cloned by phage combined with low-expression specific molecules through host bacterium amplification, and has been widely applied to screening and research and development of anti-tumor drugs, tumor diagnosis markers and the like. In recent years, in the research of screening tumor-targeted short peptides such as lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer and the like by applying a phage display technology, the research of tumor-specific binding peptides obtains a plurality of achievements. The polypeptide molecules can be applied to a targeted molecular probe, and are expected to be used for targeted delivery of drugs by coupling corresponding drugs, so that the toxic and side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on normal tissues or cells of a patient are effectively improved; on the other hand, after the tumor specific binding peptide is subjected to molecular marking, the early diagnosis and the prognosis detection of tumor markers in body fluid can be realized through a series of sensitive detection means. Therefore, the method for screening the short peptides by the phage display technology becomes an effective tool for researching the binding sites of the interaction between macromolecules, searching ligand molecules with high affinity and bioactivity, and researching and developing vaccines and diagnostic reagents.
The discovery of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) adsorbed on nanostructured metal molecules is a historical milestone in spectroscopy and analytical techniques. Since 45 years of discovery, SERS has entered extensive research and technology, and has become a powerful tool in the fields of chemistry, materials and life sciences due to its inherent features (i.e., fingerprint recognition functionality and high sensitivity) and the fact that technology further reduces the cost of reagents and instruments.
SERS is a potentially fast and cost-effective analytical method that requires only a few samples, and has become one of the most powerful techniques in biological and biomedical analysis by virtue of its high sensitivity, specificity, enormous simultaneous target detection capability and its unique function.
Therefore, a new bladder tumor targeting peptide is continuously provided in the prior art, and is combined with a Raman scattering detection method to solve the problem of difficulty in bladder cancer detection in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the polypeptide combined with the specific antigen of the human bladder cancer is screened by utilizing a phage display technology, and a detection method of surface enhanced Raman scattering is combined, so that a foundation is laid for the development of medicaments for in vitro noninvasive diagnosis and targeted treatment of the bladder cancer.
A polypeptide for detecting specificity of bladder cancer antigen protein, which is characterized in that: the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide is KHFTHNHHPITW.
The application of the polypeptide for detecting the bladder cancer antigen protein specificity adopts the polypeptide, and is characterized in that: the polypeptide and the urinary bladder cancer antigen-binding derivative are used for bladder cancer cell-specific antigen targeting.
The application of the polypeptide for detecting the bladder cancer antigen protein specificity adopts the polypeptide, and is characterized in that: the polypeptides are used in conjunction with imaging agents to determine the specific location of bladder cancer cells.
The application of the polypeptide for detecting the bladder cancer antigen protein specificity adopts the polypeptide, and is characterized in that: the polypeptide is combined with a Raman scattering spectrometry method to be used for detecting the content of the bladder cancer cell antigen in urine.
Through the design scheme, the invention can bring the following beneficial effects: the polypeptide combined with the specific antigen of human bladder cancer is screened out by utilizing a phage display technology, and a detection method of surface enhanced Raman scattering is combined, so that a foundation is laid for the development of medicaments for in vitro noninvasive diagnosis and targeted treatment of bladder cancer.
Furthermore, the polypeptide fragment can be specifically combined with the urinary bladder cancer antigen UBC, so that the polypeptide fragment and the derivative thereof have important application values in early diagnosis, screening and targeted therapy of bladder cancer tumors.
Compared with the traditional screening method, the method has the advantages of simple and convenient operation by applying the phage display technology, easy realization of large-scale production, and laying a foundation for targeted development and targeted drug selection due to the advantages of small relative molecular weight, weak immunogenicity, high activity and the like.
Compared with the traditional analysis method, the combined SERS analysis method is more sensitive and is simpler and more convenient to operate.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the structure of a polypeptide molecule for detecting the specificity of the bladder cancer antigen protein.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an immunoaffinity assay for detecting the specificity of antigenic proteins of bladder cancer according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the determination of the affinity constant of a polypeptide for detecting the specificity of a bladder cancer antigen protein.
FIG. 4 is a standard curve of the polypeptide SERS signal intensity and antigen concentration for detecting bladder cancer antigen protein specificity of the present invention.
Detailed Description
A polypeptide for detecting bladder cancer antigen protein specificity is composed of 12 amino acids, the amino acid sequence is KHFTHNHHPITW, wherein H is histidine residue, P is proline residue, F is phenylalanine residue, N is asparagine residue, H is histidine residue, I is isoleucine residue, T is threonine residue, K is lysine residue, and W is tryptophan residue; its molecular weight is 1554.73; the molecular structure is shown in figure 1.
A screening method for detecting bladder cancer antigen protein specificity polypeptide is characterized in that a phage dodecapeptide library is displayed and screened by using urinary bladder cancer antigens of shadow coater cancer, UBC (UBC for short) as a substrate coating through a phage display technology, and finally plaque is randomly picked and sequenced through four rounds of increasing pressure screening to obtain a target polypeptide sequence KHFTHNHHPITW.
The specificity of the polypeptide of the invention to UBC is identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,
with 150. mu.l of 100. mu.g/ml UBC molecules (dissolved in 0.1M pH 8.6 NaHCO)3Middle) three wells of an enzyme-linked immunoassay plate were coated overnight at 4 ℃ in a sealed wet box. 10mg/ml of trehalose blocking solution is filled in each hole. And adding blocking liquid into the non-coated holes beside the clone to be identified, and blocking for 1 hour at 4 ℃ by all the blocking plates. After removing the blocking solution, wash the plate 6 times with 1 × TBS/Tween solution, the concentration of Tween solution should be 1% the same as the concentration used in the washing step. Add 200. mu.l TBS/Tween per well and 10. mu.l virions (phage) per well in separate blocking platesA solution). Phage were added to the plates coated with the target molecules. Shaking at room temperature for 1 hour. Murine anti-M13 antibody was diluted 1:5,000 in TBS. Add 200. mu.l of diluted antibody to each well and shake for 1 hour at room temperature. HRP-labeled rabbit anti-mouse antibody was diluted 1:5,000 in TBS. Mu.l of diluted antibody was added to each well and incubated at 37 ℃ for 1 hour. Mu.l of TMB solution was added to each well and allowed to react at room temperature for 30min for color development. The color reaction was stopped by adding 2M sulfuric acid. The absorbance values Abs at 405nm were recorded by the microplate reader and the average values were calculated as shown in fig. 2. Experimental data show that the screened target polypeptide can specifically adsorb UBC in comparison with a control group, and the difference is obvious in comparison with the control group, so that the screened target polypeptide is proved to have the specificity of adsorbing UBC.
The determination of the affinity constant of the polypeptide of the invention to UBC by adopting a biological membrane interference experimental method,
affinity constant measurements were performed using 5 concentration gradients (100. mu.g/L, 50. mu.g/L, 25. mu.g/L, 12.5. mu.g/L, 6.25. mu.g/L) of the polypeptide of the present invention, and the mean values were calculated as shown in FIG. 3. Calculating to obtain the R of the experiment2＝0.972349，KD(M)＝4.84×10-7To within the reference value (10)-6<KD<10-11) As expected.
The invention relates to a polypeptide for detecting bladder cancer antigen protein specificity, which is combined with a Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectroscopy method to establish a standard curve of SERS signal intensity and antigen concentration, and concretely comprises the following two steps,
step one, preparing silver nano particles
And reducing the silver nitrate solution by using a trisodium citrate high-temperature vortex method to obtain silver nanoparticles. The obtained reduced silver nano particles are measured by an ultraviolet spectrophotometer to obtain a specific curve, and the concentration of the reduced silver nano particles is about 0.03mM and the particle size of the reduced silver nano particles is about 50nm according to the highest point of the curve and the slit width of the highest point.
Step two, Raman spectrum enhancement experiment
The silver nanoparticle probe was prepared by mixing 0.3mM of silver nanoparticles with 500. mu.g/ml of UBC antibody and 5mM of 4-ABP (Raman signal factor). The magnetic bead probe is prepared by combining 0.5mg/ml magnetic bead with the biotin polypeptide (bio-KHFTHNHHPITW) of the invention, the two probes are incubated with UBC protein in 6 concentration gradients (100ng/ml, 75ng/ml, 50ng/ml, 25ng/ml, 12.5ng/ml and 6.25ng/ml) to obtain an SERS curve, and a standard curve is obtained according to the value at the SERS signal peak 1143.
The SERS standard curve obtained by the method is applied and verified in clinical samples,
SERS spectrum enhancement experiment detection and verification are carried out on urine samples of four bladder cancer patients, and the following results are obtained:
sample number one: the SERS signal intensity is 280, and the UBC content in the urine is calculated according to a standard curve and is about: 138.51 ng/ml.
Sample No. two: the SERS signal intensity is 361, and the UBC content in the urine is calculated according to a standard curve and is about: 236.34 ng/ml.
Sample No. three: the SERS signal intensity is 236, and the UBC content in urine is calculated according to a standard curve and is about: 85.36 ng/ml.
Sample four: the SERS signal intensity is 410, and the UBC content in urine is calculated according to a standard curve and is about: 295.52 ng/ml.
Through the verification, the bladder cancer cell detection by adopting the polypeptide for detecting bladder cancer antigen protein specificity and SERS analysis is proved to be more sensitive and simpler and more convenient to operate compared with the traditional analysis method.
Sequence listing
<110> Changchun university of science and technology
<120> polypeptide for detecting bladder cancer antigen protein specificity and application thereof
<160> 1
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 12
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence (Artificial Sequence)
<220>
Claims (4)
1. A polypeptide for detecting specificity of bladder cancer antigen protein, which is characterized in that: the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide is KHFTHNHHPITW.
2. Use of a polypeptide specific for a bladder cancer antigen protein, comprising the polypeptide of claim 1, wherein: the polypeptide and the urinary bladder cancer antigen-binding derivative are used for bladder cancer cell-specific antigen targeting.
3. Use of a polypeptide specific for a bladder cancer antigen protein, comprising the polypeptide of claim 1, wherein: the polypeptides are used in conjunction with imaging agents to determine the specific location of bladder cancer cells.
4. Use of a polypeptide specific for a bladder cancer antigen protein, comprising the polypeptide of claim 1, wherein: the polypeptide is combined with a Raman scattering spectrometry method to be used for detecting the content of the bladder cancer cell antigen in urine.
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| CN113372415A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2021-09-10 | 长春理工大学 | Human bladder cancer specific antigen binding peptide |
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| CN113372415A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2021-09-10 | 长春理工大学 | Human bladder cancer specific antigen binding peptide |
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