CN112521201A - Organic fertilizer production process - Google Patents
Organic fertilizer production process Download PDFInfo
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- CN112521201A CN112521201A CN202011453398.6A CN202011453398A CN112521201A CN 112521201 A CN112521201 A CN 112521201A CN 202011453398 A CN202011453398 A CN 202011453398A CN 112521201 A CN112521201 A CN 112521201A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B3/00—Fertilisers based essentially on di-calcium phosphate
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Abstract
The invention discloses an organic fertilizer production process, which comprises the following steps: step 1, pulping kitchen waste, and separating to obtain waste water and waste residue; step 2, mixing the wastewater and the waste residues obtained in the step 1 with livestock and poultry manure, and pulping to obtain slurry; and 3, mixing the slurry with an additive, and curing to obtain the organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer production process provided by the invention comprehensively treats the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure for the first time, regenerates and prepares the organic fertilizer, has simple steps, is quick and efficient, and obviously reduces the waste treatment cost; the whole process has no waste water discharge, no ammonia nitrogen smell and odor, and the produced organic fertilizer has composite standard and can be immediately provided for local soil remediation and cultivation of organic crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of treatment of kitchen waste and livestock and poultry manure, and particularly relates to a method for recycling kitchen waste and livestock and poultry manure after harmless treatment, in particular to a process for producing an organic fertilizer by adopting kitchen waste and livestock and poultry manure.
Background
With the deepening of the national environmental protection policy and the circular economy policy, kitchen waste, livestock and poultry manure, industrial organic solid waste, agricultural organic waste and the like become pollution sources to be treated urgently.
The kitchen waste is a general term of food waste and kitchen waste, and is mainly characterized in that the food waste is high in water content, organic matter content, grease and salinity and easy to ferment, deteriorate and rot, so that the food waste is easy to produce pathogenic microorganisms and generate a large amount of viruses, and can emit stink and a large amount of greenhouse gases, and serious environmental problems can be caused if the food waste is not treated properly. The livestock and poultry manure comprises pig manure, chicken and duck manure, cattle and sheep manure and the like, contains a large amount of organic biomass such as protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, saccharides and the like, directly pollutes rural water environment, and is a chronic disease in urban and rural environments.
At present, domestic treatment methods of kitchen waste and livestock and poultry manure are landfill and composting, but the treatment methods cannot realize quick harmless treatment. The water content of the kitchen waste is high, seepage can occur, the influence on surface water and underground water is caused, and along with the reduction of urban land area, the selection of the kitchen waste landfill land is more and more difficult.
In addition, the gas produced by fermentation contains high concentrations of methane, presenting a risk of causing explosion; in the composting treatment process of the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure, more than 200 substances which generate stink are continuously generated, such as hydrogen sulfide, organic sulfide, indole, aldehyde and ketone, and the atmosphere is seriously polluted; and the compost fermentation sterilization degree is low, and both dormant bodies (spores) of harmful bacteria and heat-resistant pathogenic bacteria in compost bodies are bred in a large quantity, so that a large quantity of toxins are accumulated to cause secondary pollution to the environment.
Therefore, the current treatment mode of kitchen waste and livestock and poultry manure has great application limitation, and a method for quickly and harmlessly treating kitchen waste and livestock and poultry manure is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems, the inventor of the invention carries out keen research, the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure are comprehensively treated for the first time, the additive is added to prepare the organic fertilizer, the reduction treatment of the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure is realized, the high cost of the kitchen waste wastewater treatment is obviously reduced, and the problem of expensive equipment investment in the urine treatment after the solid-liquid separation of the livestock and poultry manure is also solved. Meanwhile, the organic fertilizer production process has no wastewater discharge and ammonia nitrogen smell and odor in the whole process, and the produced organic fertilizer has a composite standard and can be immediately provided for local soil remediation and cultivation of organic crops, thereby completing the invention.
Specifically, the invention aims to provide an organic fertilizer production process, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, pulping kitchen waste, and separating to obtain waste water and waste residue;
step 2, mixing the wastewater and the waste residues obtained in the step 1 with livestock and poultry manure, and pulping to obtain slurry;
and 3, mixing the slurry with an additive, and curing to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Wherein, step 1 comprises the following substeps:
step 1-1, pulping kitchen waste, and carrying out primary separation to obtain organic matters, oil and wastewater;
step 1-2, selecting organic matters in the system obtained in the step 1-1 to separate fine slag in the organic matters;
and 1-3, separating the oil phase, the solid phase and the water phase of the slurry separated in the step 1-2.
In the step 1-2, the fine selection of the organic matters refers to the separation of fine residues with the particle size being more than or equal to 3mm from the organic matters.
In the step 1-3, before the oil phase, the solid phase and the water phase of the slurry are separated, the slurry is heated at 70-90 ℃.
In the step 2, the livestock and poultry manure can be one or more of chicken manure, cow manure, pig manure, sheep manure, goose manure, duck manure and rabbit manure;
preferably, the livestock manure has a certain water content, which is < 85%.
Wherein, in the step 2, when the waste water and the waste residue are mixed with the livestock and poultry manure, acid is preferably added, and then slurrying treatment is carried out,
the acid is 98% concentrated sulfuric acid.
In the step 2, the temperature of the slurrying treatment is 45-60 ℃, and the time is 0.5-2.5 h.
In step 3, the additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
in the step 3, the weight ratio of the slurry to the additive is (2-6): 1.
in the step 3, the curing temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the curing time is 3 hours.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the organic fertilizer production process provided by the invention comprehensively treats the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure for the first time, regenerates and prepares the organic fertilizer, has simple steps, is quick and efficient, and obviously reduces the waste treatment cost;
(2) according to the organic fertilizer production process provided by the invention, concentrated sulfuric acid is added to be mixed with the wastewater, the waste residues and the livestock and poultry manure, so that bacteria, worm eggs and the like in the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure are killed, meanwhile, the odor can be effectively removed, and the environmental pollution is avoided;
(3) the organic fertilizer production process provided by the invention has no wastewater discharge in the whole process, no ammonia nitrogen smell and odor, and the produced organic fertilizer meets the standard and can be immediately provided for local soil remediation and cultivation of organic crops.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural view of a silo pulper according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic sectional view taken along the line a-a in fig. 1.
The reference numbers illustrate:
1-a stock bin pulping machine;
11-a stirring mechanism;
111-stirring shaft;
112-helical blades;
12-a cutting mechanism;
13-a filtering mechanism;
14-high consistency stock discharge pipe;
15-sundries discharge pipe.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to preferred embodiments and examples. The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description.
The word "exemplary" is used exclusively herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.
The inventor finds that the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure belong to biomass energy, and the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure are subjected to resource treatment, so that the organic waste can be reduced and treated, and organic matters in the waste can be utilized.
Therefore, the invention provides an organic fertilizer production process, which comprises the steps of carrying out innocent treatment on kitchen waste and livestock and poultry manure and then preparing the organic fertilizer,
preferably, the organic fertilizer production process comprises the following steps:
step 1, pulping kitchen waste, and separating to obtain waste water and waste residue;
step 2, mixing the wastewater and the waste residues obtained in the step 1 with livestock and poultry manure, and pulping to obtain slurry;
and 3, mixing the slurry with an additive, and curing to obtain the organic fertilizer.
The process for producing the organic fertilizer is further described below:
step 1, pulping kitchen waste, and separating to obtain waste water and waste residue.
Wherein, step 1 comprises the following substeps:
step 1-1, pulping the kitchen waste, and carrying out primary separation to obtain organic matters, oil and wastewater.
The kitchen waste contains a large amount of organic matters and some inorganic impurities, and the method in the prior art mostly needs to remove the plastic, metal and other substances in the kitchen waste firstly, so that the working procedure is complicated. In the invention, the kitchen waste does not need to be sorted and purified, and the kitchen waste can be directly pulped after being unloaded by the kitchen waste transport vehicle.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pulping is performed using a bin pulper, and the bin pulper 1 pulpes the kitchen waste by stirring and cutting, as shown in fig. 1 and 2,
the bin body of feed bin pulping machine 1 is the cylindricality, is provided with stirring cutting mechanism in it, stirring cutting mechanism includes rabbling mechanism 11, cutting mechanism 12 and filtering mechanism 13.
Preferably, the stirring mechanism 11 includes a stirring shaft 111 and a helical blade 112, and the helical blade 112 is driven to rotate by the stirring shaft 111, so as to stir and mix the kitchen waste.
Further, the stirring shaft 111 is connected with a motor through a gear, a belt and the like to realize rotation.
Preferably, the cutting mechanism 12 comprises a plurality of cutter heads, which are installed on the stirring shaft 111, and more preferably, installed at the bottom of the helical blade 112, and cut and break the stirred kitchen waste.
The inventor finds that the cutting capability of the cutting mechanism 12 can be controlled by controlling the rotating speed of the stirring mechanism 11, so that the cutting mechanism 12 can only cut and break food residues in the kitchen waste, but cannot cut and break sundries such as plastic bags, chopsticks and pop cans in the kitchen waste.
Further, the rotation speed of the stirring mechanism 11 is 40-60 rpm, preferably 55 rpm.
The filtering mechanism 13 is arranged below the cutting mechanism 12 and used for filtering kitchen waste smashed through stirring and cutting.
Preferably, the filtering mechanism 13 is a screen with 6 meshes.
Wherein, pulpy organic matter, oil, water and the like crushed by the bin pulper are separated by the screen, and inorganic matters such as plastic bags, disposable chopsticks, ring-pull cans and the like are isolated by the screen, so that the separation of the organic matter, the oil, the waste water and the inorganic matters is preliminarily realized.
Specifically, the single treatment capacity of the bin pulper 1 is 100000 kilograms, the stirring time is 10-20 min, preferably 15min, and the inventor finds that under the parameters, inorganic matters and organic matters in the kitchen waste can be well separated, and the separated impurities basically have no organic matters such as food residues.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the bin pulper 1 has two pulpers, and the two pulpers can simultaneously operate when the quantity of the kitchen waste is high and peak, so that the waiting of unloading of the kitchen transport vehicle is relieved, the subsequent alternate maintenance is facilitated, and the normal operation of the equipment is ensured.
In a further preferred embodiment, a graff discharge pipe 15 is also provided on the silo pulper 1 for discharging graff.
Preferably, a high consistency slurry discharge pipe 14 is further provided at a lower portion of the filtering mechanism 13 for discharging filtered high consistency slurry (organic matter in slurry, oil, water, etc.) of food.
More preferably, the separated inorganic substances such as plastic bags, disposable chopsticks, pop cans and the like are subjected to solid-liquid separation by using equipment commonly used in the prior art, for example, a squeezer can be used for dewatering and squeezing.
And step 1-2, concentrating the organic matters in the system obtained in the step 1-1 to separate fine slag in the organic matters.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the concentration of the organic matter is to separate fine slag with a grain size of more than or equal to 3mm from the organic matter.
The inventor researches and discovers that solid fine slag with the grain diameter of more than or equal to 3mm in the organic matter slurry can cause the blockage of subsequent separation equipment, so the fine separation is preferably carried out.
In the present invention, the refining equipment commonly used in the prior art can be used, such as: polypott 5XZ-6 type specific gravity classificator.
And 1-3, separating the oil phase, the solid phase and the water phase of the slurry separated in the step 1-2.
Wherein, the residual part after the slurry is separated into fine slag is further subjected to three-phase separation.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the slurry is heated at a temperature of 70 to 90 ℃, preferably 75 to 85 ℃, for example 80 ℃ before the oil phase, the solid phase and the aqueous phase are separated.
Wherein, the separation of the oil phase, the solid phase and the water phase of the slurry can adopt a three-phase separation device commonly used in the prior art, such as a super-high WS4 three-phase separator.
In the present invention, after three-phase separation, an oil phase, a solid phase and a water phase are collected, respectively.
And 2, mixing the wastewater and the waste residues obtained in the step 1 with the livestock and poultry manure, and pulping to obtain a mixture.
In the invention, the wastewater obtained in the step 1 is a water phase subjected to three-phase separation, and the waste residue is a collection of fine slag obtained in the step 1-2 and a solid phase obtained in the step 1-3.
The inventor researches and discovers that the waste water and waste residue obtained by separating the kitchen waste contain organic components, and the organic components can be further mixed with livestock and poultry manure for utilization, so that raw materials are provided for the production of organic fertilizers, and the treatment cost of the kitchen waste can be reduced.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the livestock manure has a moisture content of < 85%.
The livestock and poultry manure can be one or more of chicken manure, cow manure, pig manure, sheep manure, goose manure, duck manure and rabbit manure, and is preferably chicken manure.
In a further preferred embodiment, when the waste water, waste residues and livestock and poultry manure are mixed, acid is preferably added and then slurrying treatment is performed,
the acid is 98% concentrated sulfuric acid.
In the invention, the chemical characteristics of concentrated sulfuric acid such as strong water absorption, strong dehydration, strong corrosivity, strong oxidizing property and the like are adopted to kill bacteria, ova and the like in the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry excrement, and simultaneously, the odor can be effectively removed to avoid polluting the environment.
In a further preferred embodiment, the wastewater, the waste residue and the acid are added into the livestock and poultry manure and uniformly stirred to prepare a slurry with the water content of 85-95%, and preferably to prepare a slurry with the water content of 90%.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the solid in the waste residue to the solid in the livestock manure is 1: (1.5-3), preferably 1: (1.5-2.5), such as 1: 2;
the weight ratio of the acid to the wastewater is 1 (6-10), preferably 1: (7-9), such as 1: 8.5.
more preferably, the temperature of the slurrying treatment is 45-60 ℃, preferably 48-58 ℃, such as 55 ℃, and the time is 0.5-2.5 hours, preferably 1-2 hours, and more preferably 1-1.5 hours.
Wherein, the adoption of the pulping treatment condition has the advantage of no waste gas and odor discharge.
In the present invention, it is preferable to perform the slurry treatment under a closed condition to prevent environmental pollution.
And 3, mixing the slurry with an additive, and curing to obtain the organic fertilizer.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the additive comprises the following raw materials by weight:
preferably, the additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
more preferably, the additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
in a further preferred embodiment, the content of phosphorus in the ground phosphate rock is higher than 12%, preferably higher than 13%.
In the invention, the powdered rock phosphate is calcium superphosphate.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio of the slurry to the additive is (2-6): 1, preferably (3-5): 1, as 4: 1.
in a further preferred embodiment, the slurry and the additive are mixed and stirred uniformly, wherein the stirring speed is 40-60 rpm, and the stirring time is 1-1.5 h.
Wherein, after the stirring and the uniform mixing, the water content of the obtained mixture is 50 to 65 percent, and the preferred water content is 60 percent.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the curing temperature is 40 to 50 ℃, such as 45 ℃, and the curing time is 3 hours.
In the invention, the organic fertilizer is obtained after the mixture is solidified and decomposed.
The organic fertilizer production process provided by the invention realizes the reduction treatment of the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure, and simultaneously combines the kitchen waste and the livestock and poultry manure for comprehensive utilization and regeneration to prepare the organic fertilizer, so that the high cost of kitchen waste wastewater treatment is obviously reduced, and the problem of expensive equipment investment in urine treatment after solid-liquid separation of the livestock and poultry manure is also solved. In addition, the organic fertilizer production process has no waste water discharge and ammonia nitrogen smell and odor in the whole process, and the produced organic fertilizer has a composite standard and can be immediately provided for local soil remediation and cultivation of organic crops.
Examples
The present invention is further described below by way of specific examples, which are merely exemplary and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
Example 1
Preparing the organic fertilizer according to the following steps:
(1) placing the kitchen garbage truck into a bin pulping machine for pulping, wherein the rotating speed of a stirring mechanism is 50 revolutions per minute, the stirring time is 15min, and the mesh number of a filtering mechanism is 6 meshes;
placing the separated pasty organic matter into a fine separator (a Polypott 5XZ-6 specific gravity fine separator) for fine separation to obtain fine residue with particle size of more than or equal to 3 mm;
heating the selected slurry to 80 deg.C, and separating three phases in a three-phase separator (Yttt WS4) to obtain oil phase, solid phase and water phase.
(2) Adding organic waste residues (fine residues and solid phases), waste water (water phase) and 98% concentrated sulfuric acid which are obtained by separation into chicken manure with the water content of 45%, wherein the weight ratio of the waste residues to the solids in the chicken manure is 1: 2; the weight ratio of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid to wastewater is 1: and 8.5, stirring uniformly to obtain slurry with the water content of 90%, and stirring for reacting for 1.5 h.
(3) Mixing the 40kg of slurry with 10kg of additive, and uniformly stirring at the stirring speed of 50 rpm for 1-1.5 h to obtain a mixture with the water content of 60%; and then curing for 3 hours in an environment with the temperature of 45 ℃ to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Wherein, the additive is compounded by 3kg of ground phosphate rock (calcium superphosphate), 3kg of silicon fertilizer citrate soluble silicon fertilizer, 3kg of calcium hydrophosphate and 1kg of potassium fluosilicate.
Example 2
The method for preparing the organic fertilizer described in this example is similar to that of example 1 except that 30kg of slurry was mixed with 10kg of additives in step (3).
Example 3
The method for preparing the organic fertilizer described in this example is similar to that of example 1 except that 50kg of slurry was mixed with 10kg of additives in step (3).
Example 4
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer in this embodiment is similar to that of embodiment 1, and the difference is only that in step (3), the additive is prepared by compounding 3kg of ground phosphate rock (calcium superphosphate), 2kg of silicon fertilizer (citrate soluble silicon fertilizer), 4kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 1kg of potassium nitrate.
Examples of the experiments
Experimental example 1
The components of the organic fertilizer prepared by the method in example 1 are preferably detected according to agricultural industry standard NY 525-.
TABLE 1
| Detecting items | Unit of | The result of the detection |
| Organic matter content (in terms of oven-dried basis) | ％ | 45.19 |
| Nitrogen (in dry basis) | ％ | 3.32 |
| Total phosphorus (in P)2O5Meter, based on drying) | ％ | 1.90 |
| Potassium (in K)2O in dry basis | ％ | 5.19 |
| Moisture content | ％ | 3.88 |
| pH | / | 5.7 |
| Arsenic (in dry basis) | mg/kg | 6.0 |
| Cadmium (in dry basis) | mg/kg | 2.4 |
| Chromium (in dry basis) | mg/kg | 9.8 |
| Lead (in dry basis) | mg/kg | 45.0 |
| Mercury (in dry basis) | mg/kg | <1.0 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the organic fertilizer prepared by the process of the invention meets the agricultural industry standard and can be directly provided for local soil remediation and cultivation of organic crops.
The invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative examples, but the description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The production process of the organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, pulping kitchen waste, and separating to obtain waste water and waste residue;
step 2, mixing the wastewater and the waste residues obtained in the step 1 with livestock and poultry manure, and pulping to obtain slurry;
and 3, mixing the slurry with an additive, and curing to obtain the organic fertilizer.
2. The production process according to claim 1, characterized in that step 1 comprises the following sub-steps:
step 1-1, pulping kitchen waste, and carrying out primary separation to obtain organic matters, oil and wastewater;
step 1-2, selecting organic matters in the system obtained in the step 1-1 to separate fine slag in the organic matters;
and 1-3, separating the oil phase, the solid phase and the water phase of the slurry separated in the step 1-2.
3. The production process according to claim 2, wherein in the step 1-2, the concentration of the organic matters means that fine slag with the grain size of more than or equal to 3mm in the organic matters is separated.
4. The production process according to claim 2, wherein in the step 1-3, before the separation of the oil phase, the solid phase and the water phase is carried out on the slurry, the slurry is subjected to a heating treatment, and the heating temperature is 70-90 ℃.
5. The production process according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the livestock manure can be one or more of chicken manure, cow manure, pig manure, sheep manure, goose manure, duck manure and rabbit manure;
preferably, the livestock manure has a certain water content, which is < 85%.
6. The production process according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, when the waste water, the waste residue and the livestock and poultry manure are mixed, preferably, an acid is added and then the pulping treatment is performed,
the acid is 98% concentrated sulfuric acid.
7. The production process according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the temperature of the pulping treatment is 45-60 ℃ and the time is 0.5-2.5 h.
8. The production process according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
9. the production process according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the weight ratio of the slurry to the additive is (2-6): 1.
10. the production process according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the curing temperature is 40-50 ℃ and the curing time is 3 hours.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107311708A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-11-03 | 广西力源宝科技有限公司 | The production system and method for fertilizer are prepared using kitchen garbage |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107311708A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-11-03 | 广西力源宝科技有限公司 | The production system and method for fertilizer are prepared using kitchen garbage |
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