CN112510371A - One-dimensional phase scanning transmission array antenna - Google Patents
One-dimensional phase scanning transmission array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/2658—Phased-array fed focussing structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel one-dimensional phase-scanning transmission array antenna, which comprises a one-dimensional linear array antenna and a one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array; the one-dimensional linear array antenna is used for realizing beam scanning of a scanning surface by adjusting the phase distribution of the array through the phase shifter and is used as a feed source antenna to excite the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array; the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array is used for compensating the phase difference required by the incident scanning beam on the focusing surface and improving the gain of the focusing surface; each column phase distribution of the array is obtained by calculation according to the focal length under the corresponding incident angle, so that the phase modulation transmission array compensates the phase difference required by scanning beams column by column. Compared with the existing one-dimensional phase-scanning transmission array design technology, the invention can realize better scanning characteristics, maintain stable gain and directional diagram in the scanning range, and effectively improve the problems of gain reduction and directional diagram deterioration of the conventional one-dimensional phase-scanning transmission array antenna in the scanning process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a novel one-dimensional phase-scanning transmission array antenna.
Background
Beam scanning is an important antenna technology, and has wide application requirements in the fields of wireless communication, detection and the like.
There are generally three methods for realizing a high-gain one-dimensional beam scan. The first method is a phased array antenna, which implements electrical scanning by connecting phase shifters behind each antenna element, but this method requires many costly integrated phase shifters, especially high gain two-dimensional phased arrays, which significantly increases complexity and cost. In addition, the phase shifter has a problem of large loss. The second method is to scan beams by switching the position of a reflection array or transmission array feed source antenna, the number and the scanning interval of the beams realized by the method are limited, continuous electric regulation cannot be realized, and the gain change and the directional diagram change in the scanning process are large. The third method is a one-dimensional transmission array antenna with a one-dimensional phase scanning linear array as a feed antenna, wherein the linear array is used for realizing beam scanning in one direction, and the transmission array is used for focusing in the other direction to improve the gain. However, the gain of the conventional one-dimensional phase-scanning transmissive array antenna is seriously decreased with the increase of the scanning angle, and the directional pattern is deteriorated, which is more remarkable in the case of a large focal length.
In summary, the high-gain one-dimensional beam scanning technique still has many problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel one-dimensional phase-scanning transmission array antenna, which improves the scanning performance of the conventional one-dimensional phase-scanning transmission array antenna and realizes the one-dimensional phase-scanning antenna with high gain and stable gain and directional diagram in the scanning process.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a one-dimensional phase-scanning transmission array antenna comprises a one-dimensional linear array antenna and a one-dimensional phase-modulation transmission array;
the one-dimensional linear array antenna is used for realizing beam scanning of a scanning surface by adjusting the phase distribution of the array through the phase shifter and is used as a feed source antenna to excite the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array;
the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array is used for compensating the phase difference required by the incident scanning beam on the focal plane; each line of phase distribution of the array is obtained by calculation according to the focal length under the corresponding incident angle, so that the phase modulation transmission array compensates the phase difference required by scanning beams line by line;
the one-dimensional linear array antenna is positioned at the focal plane of the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array.
Further, each column of phase distribution of the array is obtained by calculation according to the focal length under the corresponding incident angle, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Ψij＝k·rij
wherein,
in the formula, xi、yjRespectively the abscissa and the ordinate of the phase modulation transmission unit of the jth row and the ith column, the coordinate system takes the plane of the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array as the x axis towards the right, k is the wave number of free space, FαiThe focal length at the corresponding incident angle of the ith column of the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array is psiijFor the phase profile corresponding to the ith column, F0Is the focal length of the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: 1) the phase modulation transmission array compensates the phase difference required by the scanning beam column by column, so that the designed phase scanning transmission array has small gain change and stable directional diagram within the scanning angle range; 2) the invention is suitable for the one-dimensional phase-scanning transmission array antenna with any focal length, and has the advantages of small gain change and stable directional diagram in the scanning process under the condition of large focal length.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel one-dimensional phase-scanning transmissive array antenna according to an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a one-dimensional linear array in one embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a simulation result diagram of a scanning pattern of one-dimensional linear arrays in one embodiment, where fig. (a) is a simulation result diagram of a scanning pattern corresponding to a center frequency of 13.5GHz, and fig. (b) is a simulation result diagram of a scanning pattern corresponding to 14.2 GHz.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the amplitude distribution of the electric field irradiated by a 35 ° beam scanned by one-dimensional linear arrays onto a one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array in one embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a phase distribution plot of a phase modulated transmissive array computed in one embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a phase modulating transmissive unit in one embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a graph of the characteristics of a phase modulating transmissive element in one embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a layout of a one-dimensional phase modulating transmissive array in one embodiment.
Fig. 9 is a simulation result diagram of a scanning pattern of the novel one-dimensional phase-scanning transmissive array antenna in one embodiment, where (a) is a simulation result diagram of a scanning pattern corresponding to a center frequency of 13.5GHz, and (b) is a simulation result diagram of a scanning pattern corresponding to 14.2 GHz.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
In one embodiment, in conjunction with fig. 1, there is provided a one-dimensional phase-scanning transmissive array antenna comprising a one-dimensional linear array antenna and a one-dimensional phase-modulating transmissive array;
the one-dimensional linear array antenna is used for realizing beam scanning of a scanning surface by adjusting the phase distribution of the array through the phase shifter and is used as a feed source antenna to excite the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array;
here, the one-dimensional linear array antenna includes M antenna elements, and the specific structure of the antenna elements may be arbitrary, and the distribution of the antenna elements may also be arbitrary, and may also be uniform distribution or non-uniform distribution.
The one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array is used for compensating the phase difference required by the incident scanning beam on the focusing surface so as to improve the gain of the focusing surface; different from the conventional one-dimensional transmission array antenna, the phase distribution of each row of the array is obtained by calculation according to the focal length under the corresponding incident angle, so that the phase modulation transmission array compensates the phase difference required by scanning the beam row by row;
the one-dimensional linear array antenna is positioned at the focal plane of the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array.
Further, in one embodiment, each column of phase distribution of the array is calculated according to the focal length at the corresponding incident angle, and the principle is as follows: when the scanning beam of the one-dimensional linear array irradiates the phase modulation transmission array at an alpha angle, the path length of the incident wave is the focal length F corresponding to the angleαThus according to the focal length FαAnd calculating the phase distribution of the column corresponding to the angle. According to this principle, each column of the phase-modulated transmissive array has a phase distribution corresponding to the focal length F at the corresponding incident angle0,F1,…,FNAnd (4) calculating.
The calculation formula is as follows:
Ψij＝k·rij
wherein,
in the formula, xi、yjRespectively the abscissa and the ordinate of the phase modulation transmission unit of the jth row and the ith column, the coordinate system takes the plane of the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array as the x axis towards the right, k is the wave number of free space, FαiThe focal length at the corresponding incident angle of the ith column of the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array is psiijFor the phase profile corresponding to the ith column, F0Is the focal length of the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array.
The phase of the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array obtained by the final calculation presents a distribution as shown in fig. 1.
Further, in one embodiment, the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array is constructed in a manner that:
a phase modulation transmission unit is selected, and the phase distribution shown in fig. 1 is realized by changing the size or the rotation angle of a certain parameter in the unit, so that a one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array is formed.
Further, in one embodiment, given the range of scanning angles that needs to be achieved, the length L (in the x-direction) of the one-dimensional phase-modulating transmissive array should satisfy: the electric field amplitude distribution larger than the preset threshold value is positioned on the phase modulation transmission array, so that the energy is not seriously leaked in a given scanning angle range; the width D (in the y-direction) should satisfy:
in the formula, Q is a feed source directional diagram fitting index, EI is an edge illumination level, and the value is about-9 dB.
Further, in one embodiment, the phase modulation transmission unit of the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array adopts a phase modulation transmission unit with a 3-layer crossed microstrip line structure, and other transmission unit structures can also be adopted.
As a specific example, in one embodiment, the novel one-dimensional phase-scanning transmissive array antenna of the present invention is further explained.
With reference to fig. 2, the one-dimensional linear array in this embodiment is composed of 8 microstrip patch antenna units, and the unit pitch is 0.5 λ, where λ is the free space wavelength at the center frequency of 13.5 GHz. To widen the bandwidth, a stacked two-layer patch structure was used, implemented with Rogers4003C dielectric slabs with a relative dielectric constant of 3.55, and thicknesses of 0.305mm and 0.508 mm. The scanning pattern of the one-dimensional linear array obtained by simulation is shown in fig. 3, and it can be seen that beam scanning within a range of ± 35 ° is realized at the center frequency, and both the gain and the pattern are kept stable in the scanning process. In addition, the scanning performance is better at 14.2 GHz.
Secondly, selecting the focal length as F 010 λ. The scanning angle range to be realized is selected to be-35 degrees to +35 degrees, and the amplitude distribution of the electric field irradiated on the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array when the one-dimensional linear array is scanned for 35 degrees is calculated, as shown in figure 4. When the dimension L of the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array along the x direction is 31 λ, no serious leakage of the electric field occurs. In the y-direction, the dimension D of the one-dimensional phase modulating transmissive array is designed to be 14 λ, so that the edge illumination level is around-9 dB.
Then, phase distribution of each row of the phase modulation transmission array is respectively according to the focal distance F under the corresponding incident angle0,F1,…,FNThe calculated phase distribution of the phase modulation array is shown in fig. 5.
Then, a phase-modulated transmission cell as shown in fig. 6 was selected, which was a 3-layer cross dipole structure with a period P of 11mm (about 0.5 x λ), and the substrate was a Rogers4003C dielectric slab with a thickness T of 0.508mm, each layer being separated by an air layer with a thickness H of 5 mm. Full-wave simulation of cells using periodic boundaries by varying size L1318-degree phase regulation with transmission coefficient greater than-3 dB at the center frequency of 13.5GHz can be realized, as shown in figure 7.
Fig. 8 is a layout of the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array according to the present embodiment. Fig. 9 is a simulated directional diagram of the one-dimensional phase-scanning transmissive array antenna of the present embodiment. Tables 1 and 2 show the gain of the novel one-dimensional phase-scanning transmissive array antenna of this embodiment, where Δ is the gain of each scanned beam of the feed antenna after passing through the transmissive array. From simulation results, the beam can scan in a range of-35 degrees to +35 degrees at the central frequency of 13.5GHz, the gain is kept above 21dBi, and by using the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array, the gain of the feed antenna is improved by 6.63dBi to 9.46dBi in the scanning range and has a stable scanning directional pattern. In addition, at 14.2GHz, the phase-scanning one-dimensional transmission array antenna still has better scanning characteristics, and the increased gain of each scanning angle is between 7.13dB and 9.2 dB.
TABLE 1 antenna gain and gain boost data in the scan range (center frequency 13.5GHz)
TABLE 2 antenna gain and gain improvement data in the scanning range (14.2GHz)
In conclusion, the invention has the advantages of high gain, small gain change in the scanning process, stable directional diagram and simple design in the scanning angle range. The invention is suitable for the one-dimensional phase-scanning transmission array antenna with any focal length, and has more obvious advantages of stable gain and directional diagram in the scanning process under the condition of large focal length.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. A one-dimensional phase-scanning transmission array antenna is characterized in that the antenna comprises a one-dimensional linear array antenna and a one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array;
the one-dimensional linear array antenna is used for realizing beam scanning of a scanning surface by adjusting the phase distribution of the array through the phase shifter and is used as a feed source antenna to excite the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array;
the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array is used for compensating the phase difference required by the incident scanning beam on the focal plane; each line of phase distribution of the array is obtained by calculation according to the focal length under the corresponding incident angle, so that the phase modulation transmission array compensates the phase difference required by scanning beams line by line;
the one-dimensional linear array antenna is positioned at the focal plane of the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array.
2. The one-dimensional phase-scan transmissive array antenna of claim 1, wherein each row of phase distribution of the array is calculated according to the focal length at the corresponding incident angle, and the calculation formula is:
Ψij＝k·rij
wherein,
in the formula, xi、yjRespectively the abscissa and the ordinate of the phase modulation transmission unit of the jth row and the ith column, the coordinate system takes the plane of the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array as the x axis towards the right, k is the wave number of free space, FαiThe focal length at the corresponding incident angle of the ith column of the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array is psiijFor the phase profile corresponding to the ith column, F0Is the focal length of the one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array.
3. The one-dimensional phase-modulating transmissive array antenna as claimed in claim 2, wherein the length L of the one-dimensional phase-modulating transmissive array satisfies: the electric field amplitude distribution larger than a preset threshold value is positioned on the phase modulation transmission array; the width D should satisfy:
in the formula, Q is a feed source directional diagram fitting index, and EI is an edge illumination level.
4. The one-dimensional phase-scanning transmissive array antenna of claim 3, wherein the one-dimensional phase-modulating transmissive array is constructed by:
selecting a phase modulation transmission unit, and changing the size or rotation angle of a parameter in the unit to realize psiijThe phase distribution of (2) to form a one-dimensional phase modulation transmission array.
5. The one-dimensional phase-scanning transmissive array antenna as claimed in claim 4, wherein the phase-modulating transmissive elements of the one-dimensional phase-modulating transmissive array are phase-modulating transmissive elements having a 3-layer crossed microstrip line structure.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117220022A (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2023-12-12 | 重庆大学 | Low-profile high-efficiency multi-feed integrated transmission array and design method |
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| CN117220022B (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2024-07-26 | 重庆大学 | Low-profile high-efficiency multi-feed integrated transmission array and design method |
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