CN112510275B - Matching method of storage batteries for electric vehicle - Google Patents
Matching method of storage batteries for electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/446—Initial charging measures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a matching method of storage batteries for electric vehicles, which comprises the following steps:(1) preparing a testing rubber cap with the same size as the battery safety valve, wherein the top of the testing rubber cap is provided with an air pressure sensor and a temperature sensor; (2) for the batteries to be assembled, at the final stage of internal formation, after acid pumping, covering a test rubber cap and charging, charging electric quantity psi Ah into each cell, and calculating theoretical pressure P of the battery cells when gas generated by charging completely enters the gas chambermax(ii) a (3) After charging is finished, the air pressure value of each cell measured by the air pressure sensor is recorded, and the average value of the air pressure of each cell in each battery is calculated
Back and theoretical pressure PmaxComparing and dividing the batteries into three grades; (4) and for the batteries in each gear, carrying out subsequent grouping according to the capacity and the open-circuit voltage. The invention can reduce the difference between batteries, improve the matching consistency of the batteries and ensure the service performance of the batteries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of storage battery production, and particularly relates to a matching method of storage batteries for an electric vehicle.
Background
The lead-acid storage battery for the electric bicycle is generally formed by connecting 4 or 5 12V batteries in series to form a battery pack for use in a group, for example, the common model on the market is 4812, namely, the lead-acid storage battery is formed by connecting 4-DZF-12 models in series, wherein each rated voltage is 12V, and the capacity is 12 Ah; the common model 4820 is composed of 4 models of 6-DZF-20 connected in series, each rated voltage is 12V, and the capacity is 20 Ah.
In the process of battery batch production, how to match batteries with close differences is a key control point in the later stage of the storage battery production process, if the differences of single batteries cannot be effectively distinguished, the batteries with close differences cannot be accurately combined to form a battery pack, in the later use process, the discharge time of the whole battery pack is influenced by the lagging of a certain battery, the driving mileage is shortened and the battery pack returns to an enterprise, and therefore how to effectively find the differences of the batteries is a difficult point in the key control point.
The existing grouping method is to group according to the capacity and open-circuit voltage of the battery, for example, chinese patent publication No. CN106972212A discloses a method for formation and grouping in lead storage batteries, and chinese patent publication No. CN105304954A discloses a method for grouping of batteries and a grouping system thereof.
However, the existing grouping method still has obvious difference inside the battery. In order to improve the matching consistency of the batteries, a new matching step needs to be added on the basis of the existing matching method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a matching method of storage batteries for an electric vehicle, which can reduce the difference between batteries, improve the matching consistency of the batteries and ensure the service performance of the batteries.
A matching method of storage batteries for electric vehicles comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a testing rubber cap with the same size as the battery safety valve, wherein the top of the testing rubber cap is provided with an air pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, and the valve opening pressure is not lower than 50kPa when the testing rubber cap is buckled on an acid adding port of a battery cell;
(2) for the batteries to be assembled, at the final stage of internal formation, after acid pumping, covering a test rubber cap and charging, charging electric quantity psi Ah into each cell, and calculating theoretical pressure P of the battery cells when gas generated by charging completely enters the gas chambermax；
(3) After charging is finished, the air pressure value of each cell measured by the air pressure sensor is recorded, and the average value of the air pressure of each cell in each battery is calculated
Back and theoretical pressure PmaxThe comparison is carried out, and the batteries are classified into three grades, and the grading standard is as follows:
will be provided with
The battery is divided into A grades and 0.6
Is divided into B grades, and
the battery of (1) is classified into a C grade;
(4) and for the batteries in each gear, carrying out subsequent grouping according to the capacity and the open-circuit voltage.
According to the method, on the basis of the existing grouping method, the grouping is carried out by combining the saturation of the AGM separator in the battery, and through the parameters, the saturation condition of the battery cells can be effectively judged, so that the difference among batteries is reduced, and the grouping consistency of the batteries is improved.
In the step (2), theTheoretical pressure PmaxThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Pmax＝0.0382Ψ×(273.15+t)/V
in the formula, t represents the internal temperature of the battery and can be monitored by a temperature sensor, and V is the volume of each single-cell air chamber of the battery.
The specific derivation process of the above calculation formula is as follows:
according to the charge reaction formula H2O→2H++1/2O2+2e-Generating 2mol electrons while generating 0.5mol oxygen; electric quantity Q of 2mol electrons is 2 × 9.632 × 104＝19.264×104C；
Charging 1Ah of electricity according to the condition that 1Ah is 3600C to obtain 0.0186mol of electrons, wherein the oxygen generation amount is 0.0046 mol; the charging quantity is obtained by multiplying the charging time and the charging current, and when the charging quantity is X Ah, the corresponding oxygen generation quantity is 0.0046X mol;
calculating to obtain theoretical pressure P according to an ideal gas state equation PV ═ nRT; where V represents the volume of the gas chamber inside the cell, n represents the amount of gaseous material, T represents the absolute temperature (dependent on the cell internal temperature T), and R represents the gas constant.
Further, for the batteries of the same batch, after the charging process is fixed, the charged electricity quantity is a fixed value, and the theoretical pressure is also a fixed value.
In other words, after charging, if the generated gas is not absorbed by the negative electrode and is completely discharged into the gas chamber, the gas pressure value is a value which can be calculated, by monitoring the change of the internal gas pressure, if the gas pressure does not reach the calculated value after charging, it is indicated that part of the gas can be absorbed by the negative electrode, it is indicated that an oxygen channel exists, the saturation degree of the partition plate is lower than 100%, and if the pressure value quickly reaches the calculated value after charging, it is indicated that no gas channel exists between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the oxygen generated by the positive electrode cannot be transmitted to the negative electrode, and all the oxygen is discharged into the gas chamber.
The saturation of different batteries is different, the saturation of the battery can be estimated by calculating the average value of the cells, and the batteries are classified according to different saturations.
In the step (2), at the final stage of internal formation, the specific process of charging after acid extraction is as follows:
(2-1) in the final stage of the container formation of the storage battery, enabling the storage battery to be in a full-charge state, performing constant-current charging for 2-4 hours, performing acid extraction in the charging state, and extracting residual acid;
(2-2) stopping charging after acid extraction is finished, and standing for the first time;
(2-3) after the standing is finished, covering a test rubber cap, and standing for the second time;
(2-4) turning on a charger to continue charging; and calculating the charging capacity according to the charging time and the charging current until the charging capacity is psi Ah.
Preferably, in the step (2-1), the charging current in the constant current charging and acid extraction process is 0.01C2～0.1C2。
In the step (2-2), the first standing time is 30-60 min. Before the extraction of the residual acid is finished, the battery is always in a charged state, the temperature inside the battery is higher, after the power failure, the residual temperature is maintained, if the testing rubber cap is covered at the moment, the volume is larger than the normal temperature probably because the gas inside is influenced by thermal expansion, and therefore the measurement at the moment can possibly cause misjudgment, and the stage of cooling through standing is required.
Preferably, in the step (2-3), the time for the second standing is 5min to 10 min. Through the standing for a short time, the gas in the internal pole group and the gas chamber forms a temporary stable state, so that the accuracy of later-period data acquisition is facilitated.
Preferably, in the step (2-4), the charging current is 0.005C2～0.01C2。
If the set current is too large, part of the unit spent acid is completely pumped, but the saturation is relatively high, namely the pores of the partition plate are few, all generated gas cannot be compounded in time, most of the gas can be discharged into the gas chamber, and the larger the current is, the more the gas in the gas chamber is, and the unit misjudgment can be caused at the moment.
And small current is set for charging, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are charged at the moment, the positive electrode can continuously generate side reaction due to the small current, oxygen is continuously generated, and the generated gas is less because of the small current, so that oxygen recombination can be completed because of less gas generation even if the residual acid is completely pumped out and the single cells with relatively high saturation are completely. And setting a small current for charging, if the residual acid is not completely pumped out, the saturation degree of the partition plate reaches 100%, and no gas channel exists, the generated gas can be only stored in the gas chamber, and the gas pressure in the gas chamber is gradually increased because the test rubber cap is covered.
The specific process of the step (4) is as follows:
(4-1) discharging to detect the capacity of a single battery, and performing first grading according to the capacity;
(4-2) after the first grading, standing the storage battery at constant temperature;
and (4-3) after the standing is finished, measuring the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery, calculating the change difference of the open-circuit voltage, and performing secondary grading according to the change difference.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method of the invention can further reduce the difference between batteries, improve the matching consistency of the batteries and ensure the service performance of the batteries by adding the matching means of the pressure on the basis of the existing matching means.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing capacity fade and pressure differential comparison of the assembled cell of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the capacity fade and pressure difference comparison of the assembled battery in example 2;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the end-stage current of the experimental cell and the comparative cell in example 3.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples, which are intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention without limiting it in any way.
The invention designs a testing rubber cap matched with a battery acid injection nozzle, wherein an air pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged on the testing rubber cap. When the testing rubber cap is covered on the acid adding port, the testing rubber cap and the acid adding port form a sealing structure; the valve opening pressure of the test rubber cap is not lower than 50 kPa. The atmospheric pressure sensor can realize the monitoring of the inside atmospheric pressure of battery, and temperature sensor is used for the monitoring of monitoring temperature.
Example 1
In the embodiment, a conventional full-impregnation 6-DZF-20Ah type battery is used for testing, according to actual measurement, the volume of a cavity of internal gas of the battery is 0.033L, 10 experimental batteries are arranged in each chemical tank, the same chemical tanks are used for comparison batteries, the number of the chemical tanks is also 10, and the experimental batteries and the comparison batteries are subjected to chemical synthesis by the same chemical synthesis process. After the formation is finished, carry out conventional acid extraction and handle, take out unnecessary electrolyte in the inside cell of battery, experiment battery and contrast battery match according to the processing mode of difference after the acid extraction is finished and organize as follows specifically:
the experimental battery stops charging after acid pumping, stands for 30min, covers a test rubber valve after standing is finished, opens a charger after 5min, continues charging, sets the charging current to be 0.1A, charges for 6min, sets the total charging capacity to be 0.01Ah, and observes the pressure value and the temperature value in the battery after 6min is finished.
According to the volume of the chamber of the gas with the type and the temperature value of 31 ℃ monitored by the temperature sensor, the maximum value P of the pressure intensity of the single cell can be obtained according to the total charged electric quantity of 0.01AhmaxAt 3.5kPa, the cell average cell pressures were divided into 3 groups according to the maximum pressure, as shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
The cell pressure, average pressure, capacity and open circuit voltage after standing for 24h for 10 cells are shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2
| Numbering | Single lattice 1 | Single lattice 2 | Single lattice 3 | Single lattice 4 | Single lattice 5 | Single lattice 6 | Average | Capacity of | Voltage of |
| 1-1 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.32 | 124.1 | 13.198 |
| 1-2 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.53 | 123.6 | 13.204 |
| 1-3 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 2.75 | 124.2 | 13.223 |
| 1-4 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.17 | 124.1 | 13.226 |
| 1-5 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.90 | 123.8 | 13.230 |
| 1-6 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.38 | 123.5 | 13.203 |
| 1-7 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.62 | 123.8 | 13.211 |
| 1-8 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.57 | 125.1 | 13.204 |
| 1-9 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.37 | 124.6 | 13.209 |
| 1-10 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.43 | 123.9 | 13.238 |
According to the pressure value, wherein 1-5 belong to A gear; 1-3 and 1-8 belong to gear B; 1-1, 1-2, 1-4, 1-6, 1-7, 1-9 and 1-10 belong to the C grade. In the range of C gear, the batteries are matched according to the approaching of the capacity and the open-circuit voltage, and the numbers 1-2, 1-6, 1-7 and 1-9 are matched to form a group of batteries.
The comparative batteries were assembled according to the capacity during formation and the open circuit voltage after 24 hours of leaving the battery rack according to the conventional production operation, and the capacity of 10 batteries and the open circuit voltage after 24 hours of leaving are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
| Battery numbering | Capacity of | Voltage of | Battery numbering | Capacity of | Voltage of |
| 2-1 | 123.5 | 13.237 | 2-6 | 125.4 | 13.214 |
| 2-2 | 123.3 | 13.204 | 2-7 | 123.2 | 13.206 |
| 2-3 | 122.4 | 13.205 | 2-8 | 123.5 | 13.211 |
| 2-4 | 124.1 | 13.224 | 2-9 | 123.7 | 13.196 |
| 2-5 | 123.5 | 13.208 | 2-10 | 122.9 | 13.214 |
And (3) carrying out wide-range grouping according to the capacity, wherein 6 batteries are 2-1, 2-2, 2-5, 2-7, 2-8 and 2-9, the capacity is within the range of 123min, and then according to the principle that the open-circuit voltage is close, the batteries with the numbers of 2-2, 2-5, 2-7 and 2-8 are grouped into a group.
The experimental battery pack and the comparative battery pack were subjected to cycle life tests according to the following test methods:
constant current discharging: 10A, the discharge cut-off voltage is 42V, namely the average single voltage is 10.5V;
constant voltage current limiting time limit charging: constant pressure 59.2V, limited flow 5A, limited time 8 h.
During the cycle, the capacity fading of the whole battery pack and the differential pressure condition of the battery pack (collecting the voltage of each battery, and calculating the maximum voltage and the minimum voltage difference when the voltage is discharged to 42V) are observed, as shown in FIG. 1.
From the curve, the capacities of the comparison battery and the experimental battery in the previous period of the first 50 cycles are 120-130 min, so that a better discharge platform is maintained; after 50 times, the voltage difference of the comparative battery begins to rise, and the capacity also rapidly drops, so that the comparison is convenient; after 90 times, the comparison batteries are charged and discharged singly, the purpose is to reduce the differential pressure of the comparison batteries, and the differential pressure of the comparison batteries is reduced from 91 to 140 times, but after 140 times, the differential pressure still continuously rises, the capacity is rapidly attenuated, the difference in the batteries is very obvious, and even if the batteries are charged and discharged singly, the good effect cannot be achieved. The capacity of the experimental battery subjected to pressure matching basically maintains a stable platform, although the intermediate pressure difference fluctuates, the fluctuation range is small, sudden continuous rising is not generated, the difference among the batteries can be further searched after a matching means for increasing the pressure, and the grouping use performance of the batteries is improved.
Example 2
For further comparison, only two batteries are selected to perform grouping circulation, 2 batteries with the capacities close to the open-circuit voltage are combined into one group, but the pressure difference is different, namely the batteries with the large pressure difference are selected according to the existing grouping mode to be grouped, and the capacity attenuation of the group of batteries and the pressure difference condition of the two battery packs are observed.
Conventional full gumming 6-DZF-20Ah model, this model battery, according to the actual measurement, inside gaseous cavity volume is 0.033L, it is 10 to change every groove of groove experiment battery in groove, the contrast battery uses the same groove of formation, quantity also is 10, adopt the same formation technology to change experiment battery and contrast battery into, after the formation, carry out conventional acid pumping and handle, take out unnecessary electrolyte in the inside cell of battery, experiment battery and contrast battery match according to different treatment methods after the acid pumping is ended, specifically as follows:
the experimental battery stops charging after acid pumping, stands for 30min, covers a test valve after standing is finished, opens a charger after 5min, continues charging, sets the charging current at 0.1A, charges for 6min, sets the total charging capacity at 0.01Ah, and observes the pressure value and the temperature value in the battery after 6min is finished.
According to the chamber volume of the gas of the model and the monitored temperature value of 31 ℃, the maximum value of the cell pressure of 3.5kPa can be obtained according to the total charge capacity of 0.01Ah, and the average cell pressure of the battery is divided into 3 groups according to the maximum pressure, as shown in the following table 4.
TABLE 4
The cell pressure, average pressure, capacity and open circuit voltage after standing for 24h for 10 cells are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5
| Numbering | Single lattice 1 | Single lattice 2 | Single lattice 3 | Single lattice 4 | Single lattice 5 | Single lattice 6 | Average | Capacity of | Voltage of |
| 1-1 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.32 | 124.1 | 13.198 |
| 1-2 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.53 | 123.6 | 13.204 |
| 1-3 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 2.75 | 124.2 | 13.223 |
| 1-4 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.17 | 124.1 | 13.226 |
| 1-5 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.90 | 123.8 | 13.230 |
| 1-6 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.38 | 123.5 | 13.203 |
| 1-7 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.62 | 123.8 | 13.211 |
| 1-8 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.57 | 125.1 | 13.204 |
| 1-9 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.37 | 124.6 | 13.209 |
| 1-10 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.43 | 123.9 | 13.238 |
According to the pressure values, wherein 1-5 belongs to A gear, 1-3 and 1-8 belong to B gear, 1-1, 1-2, 1-4, 1-6, 1-7, 1-9 and 1-10 belong to C gear, the two batteries 1-5 and 1-10 can be matched according to the approaching capacity and open circuit voltage, and the following modes are adopted circularly:
constant current discharging: 10A, 21V of discharge cut-off voltage, namely, 10.5V of average single voltage;
constant voltage current limiting time limit charging: constant pressure 29.6V, flow restriction 5A, time restriction 8 h.
As shown in fig. 2, the pressure difference between the two batteries started to increase continuously in the first 50 cycles, the capacity was maintained at about 120min, the pressure difference increased to about 1V after 75 th cycle, the capacity was attenuated to some extent from the initial stage, but the whole body also maintains a platform, for further comparison, after the 75 th time, each battery is separately charged and discharged, the difference between the two batteries is reduced, from the 76 th time to the 100 th time, the pressure difference is reduced, the capacity is improved, after the 100 th time, the pressure difference still rapidly increases, the capacity continuously decreases, the capacity decreases due to the difference between the two batteries, which shows that the batteries with large pressure value difference have obvious difference, if the group matching means of pressure intensity is increased, the difference between batteries can be further searched, and the consistency of the group matching batteries is improved.
Example 3
For further comparison, two batteries with different gears are selected according to the pressure value, single circulation is respectively carried out, the same charging mode is adopted, the terminal current value change of each battery is observed, the terminal current value represents the oxygen recombination condition of the battery, the saturation condition of the partition board is reflected, and meanwhile the conversion efficiency of the active substances of the polar plate can also be reflected. If the batteries with differences are matched for use, the difference of the conversion efficiency of active substances among the batteries is bound to exist in the charging process, so that the difference of the capacities of the batteries is caused, the consistency of the battery pack is reduced, and the service life is shortened.
Conventional full gumming 6-DZF-20Ah model, this model battery, according to the actual measurement, inside gaseous cavity volume is 0.033L, it is 10 to change every groove of groove experiment battery in groove, the contrast battery uses the same groove of formation, quantity also is 10, adopt the same formation technology to change experiment battery and contrast battery into, after the formation, carry out conventional acid pumping and handle, take out unnecessary electrolyte in the inside cell of battery, experiment battery and contrast battery match according to different treatment methods after the acid pumping is ended, specifically as follows:
the experimental battery stops charging after acid pumping, stands for 30min, covers a test valve after standing is finished, opens a charger after 5min, continues charging, sets the charging current at 0.1A, charges for 6min, sets the total charging capacity at 0.01Ah, and observes the pressure value and the temperature value in the battery after 6min is finished.
According to the chamber volume of the gas of the model and the monitored temperature value of 31 ℃, the maximum value of the unit pressure of 3.5kPa can be obtained according to the total charge capacity of 0.01Ah, and the average unit pressure of the batteries is divided into 3 groups according to the maximum pressure, as shown in the following table 6.
TABLE 6
The cell pressure, average pressure, capacity and open circuit voltage after standing for 24h for 10 cells are shown in table 7.
TABLE 7
| Numbering | Single lattice 1 | Single lattice 2 | Single lattice 3 | Single lattice 4 | Single lattice 5 | Single lattice 6 | Average | Capacity of | Voltage of |
| 1-1 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.32 | 124.1 | 13.198 |
| 1-2 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.53 | 123.6 | 13.204 |
| 1-3 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 2.75 | 124.2 | 13.223 |
| 1-4 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.17 | 124.1 | 13.226 |
| 1-5 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.90 | 123.8 | 13.230 |
| 1-6 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.38 | 123.5 | 13.203 |
| 1-7 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.62 | 123.8 | 13.211 |
| 1-8 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.57 | 125.1 | 13.204 |
| 1-9 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.37 | 124.6 | 13.209 |
| 1-10 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.43 | 123.9 | 13.238 |
According to the pressure values, 1-5 belongs to A gear, 1-3 and 1-8 belong to B gear, and 1-1, 1-2, 1-4, 1-6, 1-7, 1-9 and 1-10 belong to C gear. 1-1 and 1-8, namely, the two batteries have pressure difference values and relatively approximate capacities, single circulation is carried out, the current value change at the last stage of the previous 20 times, namely the current value after charging for 8 hours, is observed, and the single circulation adopts the following mode:
constant current discharging: 10A, the discharge cut-off voltage is 10.5V;
constant voltage current limiting time limit charging: constant pressure 14.8V, current limit 5A, time limit 8 h.
As shown in fig. 3 at the last current value of the first 20 times, it can be seen from the curve that after 10 times, the last battery values of the two batteries are obviously different, the conversion efficiency of the experimental battery is relatively stable, while the conversion efficiency of the comparative battery slowly decreases (the oxygen recombination current increases), and the last battery value can also show that the two batteries are obviously different, if the two batteries are used in a group, the capacities of the 2 batteries gradually differ along with the increase of the number of times of use, so that the consistency of the whole group of batteries is affected.
The embodiments described above are intended to illustrate the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, additions and equivalents made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for matching storage batteries for electric vehicles is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a testing rubber cap with the same size as the battery safety valve, wherein the top of the testing rubber cap is provided with an air pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, and the valve opening pressure is not lower than 50kPa when the testing rubber cap is buckled on an acid adding port of a battery cell;
(2) for the batteries to be assembled, at the final stage of internal formation, after acid pumping, covering a test rubber cap and charging, charging electric quantity psi Ah into each cell, and calculating theoretical pressure P of the battery cells when gas generated by charging completely enters the gas chambermax(ii) a Theoretical pressure PmaxThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Pmax＝0.0382Ψ×(273.15+t)/V
in the formula, t represents the internal temperature of the battery and is obtained by monitoring through a temperature sensor, and V is the volume of each single-cell air chamber of the battery;
(3) after charging is finished, the air pressure value of each cell measured by the air pressure sensor is recorded, and the average value of the air pressure of each cell in each battery is calculated
Back and theoretical pressure PmaxThe comparison is carried out, and the batteries are classified into three grades, and the grading standard is as follows:
will be provided with
Is divided into A grades and
is divided into B grades, and
the battery of (1) is classified into a C grade;
(4) and for the batteries in each gear, carrying out subsequent grouping according to the capacity and the open-circuit voltage.
2. The battery grouping method according to claim 1, wherein the theoretical pressure P is a theoretical pressure P at which the charge amount is constant after the charging process is fixed for the batteries of the same batchmaxAlso constant.
3. The battery grouping method for electric vehicles according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the specific process of charging after acid extraction at the end of internal formation is as follows:
(2-1) in the final stage of the container formation of the storage battery, enabling the storage battery to be in a full-charge state, performing constant-current charging for 2-4 hours, performing acid extraction in the charging state, and extracting residual acid;
(2-2) stopping charging after acid extraction is finished, and standing for the first time;
(2-3) after the standing is finished, covering a test rubber cap, and standing for the second time;
(2-4) turning on a charger to continue charging; and calculating the charging capacity according to the charging time and the charging current until the charging capacity is psi Ah.
4. The battery matching method for electric vehicles according to claim 3, wherein in the step (2-1), the charging current in the constant current charging and acid extraction process is 0.01C2～0.1C2。
5. The method for matching batteries for electric vehicles according to claim 3, wherein in the step (2-2), the time for the first standing is 30 to 60 min.
6. The battery assembling method for electric vehicles according to claim 3, wherein in the step (2-3), the time for the second standing is 5 to 10 min.
7. The method for grouping secondary batteries for electric vehicles according to claim 3, wherein the charging current in step (2-4) is 0.005C2～0.01C2。
8. The battery grouping method for electric vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of step (4) is:
(4-1) discharging to detect the capacity of a single battery, and performing first grading according to the capacity;
(4-2) after the first grading, standing the storage battery at constant temperature;
and (4-3) after the standing is finished, measuring the open-circuit voltage of the storage battery, calculating the change difference of the open-circuit voltage, and performing secondary grading according to the change difference.
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