CN112510217B - Carbon-supported platinum yttrium catalyst and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Carbon-supported platinum yttrium catalyst and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN112510217B
CN112510217B CN202011481354.4A CN202011481354A CN112510217B CN 112510217 B CN112510217 B CN 112510217B CN 202011481354 A CN202011481354 A CN 202011481354A CN 112510217 B CN112510217 B CN 112510217B
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platinum
yttrium
carbon
catalyst
acetylacetonate
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CN112510217A (en
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彭洪亮
高伟
马姣君
刘思焱
杨会田
黄鹏儒
林向成
徐芬
孙立贤
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Guilin University of Electronic Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
    • H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
    • H01M4/9083—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention discloses a carbon negativeThe platinum-loaded yttrium catalyst is prepared by taking platinum acetylacetonate and yttrium acetylacetonate as a platinum source and an yttrium source, performing hydrothermal reaction to obtain a platinum yttrium material, and performing carbon loading on the platinum yttrium material, wherein the content of platinum in the obtained material is low and is 6.0-6.5%. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) preparing a platinum yttrium material; 2) and (3) preparing a carbon-supported platinum yttrium catalyst. The catalyst has a half-wave potential of 0.863V and a mass activity of 0.09Amg pt ‑1 @0.9V, electrochemical active surface area of 43-45m 2 g pt ‑1 . The invention has simple integral process, cleanness, environmental protection and no danger, solves the problem of high price of raw materials, reduces the loading capacity of platinum and has excellent catalytic performance.

Description

Carbon-supported platinum yttrium catalyst and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cell catalysis, and particularly relates to a carbon-loaded platinum yttrium catalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the global rapid development and the increasing demand for energy, the search for a new energy is imminent, and the fuel cell is widely concerned as a new energy technology with high efficiency, low pollution and low cost. At present, commercial battery catalysts are mainly Pt/C catalysts, are expensive, and hinder the development of large-scale commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
The chloroplatinic acid impregnated inside and on the surface of Vulcan XC-72 carbon black is commercially reduced into platinum nanoparticles by a chemical reduction method, and the half-wave potential of the prepared 40% Pt/C catalyst reaches 0.868V. The disadvantage of the materials obtained by the current commercial processes is the low utilization of platinum. Therefore, current research and development focuses on achieving low platinum catalysts.
The basic principle of using carbon-supported platinum as the catalyst is that the utilization rate of platinum is improved by using the carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst, and the catalytic activity equivalent to that of commercial 40% Pt/C is realized. Such a method has the following advantages: 1. has the advantage of environmental protection; 2. low platinum catalysts, which are inexpensive compared to commercial Pt/C catalysts; 3. the carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst has good catalytic activity. Therefore, the preparation of carbon-supported platinum-based catalysts is one of the effective methods for improving proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the problem of low utilization rate of Pt is that an electrochemical corrosion method is adopted to prepare the PtNi material by using the prior art Tian et al, "Engineering bundled Pt-Ni alloy nanocages for effective oxygen reduction in practical functional cells. Science 2019", the PtNi material is loaded on a commercial industrial carbon carrier, the PtNi loading is 20%, and the quality activity of the obtained catalyst reaches 3.52Amg pt -1 @0.9V, 15 times that of current commercial Pt/C catalysts. The principle of the technical scheme is that a one-dimensional and hollow string-shaped platinum-nickel nano cage structure is obtained by regulating and controlling the near-surface structure and components of the platinum-based material, and then the platinum-based material is loaded by carbon, so that the platinum-based material has good catalytic activity. At the same time, the technical scheme has a remarkable technical problem that the adopted electrochemical corrosion method is complex in process flow, and more importantly, the electrochemical corrosion must be realized by etching in 0.5M nitric acid. Wherein, because the high-risk control medicine nitric acid is adopted, the following two problems are directly caused: 1. large-scale preparation is difficult to realize; 2. the requirement for equipment is high and certain danger is caused.
Aiming at the problems brought by the preparation process using nitric acid, the technical scheme provided by International Journal of Electrochemical Science 2016 of Han et al, "Electrodeposited nano PtY Alloy Electrodes with Enhanced Oxygen Reduction reaction", by carrying out electrodeposition in an anhydrous metal salt solution, such as an ionic liquid and an alcohol solution, can successfully prepare the PtY material without using nitric acid, overcomes the technical problems brought by using nitric acid, but the technical scheme still has the following technical problems: the preparation process is that the rotating glassy carbon electrode is used as a base material to carry out electrodeposition in an absolute ethyl alcohol solution. The preparation process causes the problem that the whole technical scheme has overhigh cost and is not suitable for large-scale production. Although the prepared PtY catalysts have the Pt and Y contents of 98.35 percent and 1.65 percent respectively and the half-wave potential of 0.884V, the method also has the problem that the Pt dosage in the obtained PtY catalyst is too high.
According to the research of the applicant, the problem of excessive Pt dosage can be solved by improving the catalytic efficiency of Pt. As can be seen from the d-band center theory described in Norskov et al, Electronic factors determining the reactivity of metal surfaces, Surface Science 1995, the d-band range is generally around the Fermi level, and the 2p orbital and sp bands of oxygen atoms are coupled to form a reforming band; and then coupled with the d energy band to form a final bonding energy band. The anti-bonding energy band is filled with electrons less and is stable in bonding; when the anti-bonding energy band is filled up with electrons, the bonding is unstable. Thus, the d band determines the stability and strength of the adsorption bonds.
Therefore, according to the above theory, this conclusion can be reached: through increasing the electrons filled in the anti-bonding energy band, the d energy band is moved downwards relative to the Fermi energy level, so that the bonding is relatively unstable, and the ORR is effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a carbon-supported platinum yttrium catalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof.
According to the d-band center theory, the applicant finds that the addition of Y element can realize the reduction of the Pt metal relative to the Fermi level d-band center energy; the obtained carbon-supported platinum yttrium catalyst has good catalytic activity by combining carbon-supported platinum, wherein the platinum content is as low as 6.4%. Meanwhile, the catalytic performance is almost the same as that of commercial 40% Pt/C, and the catalyst has extremely high economic value.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a carbon-loaded platinum yttrium catalyst is prepared by taking platinum acetylacetonate and yttrium acetylacetonate as a platinum source and an yttrium source, carrying out hydrothermal reaction to obtain a platinum yttrium material, and carrying out carbon loading on the platinum yttrium material to obtain the material with low platinum content of 6.0-6.5%.
A preparation method of a carbon-supported platinum yttrium catalyst comprises the following steps:
step 1) preparing a platinum yttrium material, namely placing acetylacetone platinum and acetylacetone yttrium hydrate in a certain substance amount ratio in N, N-dimethylformamide for stirring and dispersing, and then performing hydrothermal reaction under certain conditions to obtain a platinum yttrium solution containing the platinum yttrium material;
the mass ratio of platinum acetylacetonate to yttrium acetylacetonate hydrate in the step 1 is 2: 1;
the reaction temperature of the hydrothermal reaction in the step 1 is 150 ℃, and the reaction time is 12 hours;
step 2) preparing a carbon-supported platinum yttrium catalyst, namely putting carbon black into the platinum yttrium solution obtained in the step 1, uniformly mixing, and then centrifuging and drying in vacuum to obtain the carbon-supported platinum yttrium catalyst;
and 2, uniformly mixing at room temperature for 1-2h, and vacuum drying at 50-60 ℃ for 10-12 h.
The application of carbon supported platinum yttrium catalyst as fuel cell catalyst has half-wave potential of 0.863V and mass activity of 0.09Amg pt -1 @0.9V, electrochemical active surface area of 43-45m 2 g pt -1 。
The carbon-supported platinum yttrium catalyst obtained by the invention is detected by experiments, and the result is as follows:
XRD tests show that the platinum is single-phase and yttrium element is not detected;
the yttrium element is detected by a transmission electron microscope-EDS experiment;
the elements are uniformly distributed through the detection of a transmission electron microscope experiment;
ICP experiment detection shows that the content of platinum in the prepared carbon-supported platinum yttrium catalyst is 6.4%;
the electrochemical test experiment detects that the prepared carbon-loaded platinum yttrium has excellent catalytic performance, the half-wave potential reaches 0.863V, and the mass activity reaches 0.09A/mg Pt @ 0.9V.
Therefore, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) the invention is designed to use N, N-dimethylformamide as both a reducing agent and a solvent, and has the advantages of simple integral process, cleanness, environmental protection, low cost and no danger;
2) according to the invention, platinum acetylacetonate and yttrium acetylacetonate are used as raw materials, and the preparation method has mild conditions;
3) has a low platinum content almost the same catalytic performance as commercial 40% Pt/C.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an XRD pattern of PtY and PtY/C-1 prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a TEM topography and TEM-EDS map of a PtY/C-1 fuel cell catalyst prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a CV diagram comparison of PtY/C-1 fuel cell catalyst prepared in example 1 with commercial 40% Pt/C;
FIG. 4 is a comparative plot of LSV plots for a PtY/C-1 fuel cell catalyst prepared in example 1, commercial 40% Pt/C and PtY;
FIG. 5 is a graph of mass activity of the PtY/C-1 fuel cell catalyst prepared in example 1 and commercial 40% Pt/C at a potential of 0.9V;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of the LSV maps of 3000 turns and PtY/C-1 of the PtY/C-1 fuel cell prepared in example 1;
FIG. 7 is a CV diagram comparing the PtY/C-2 fuel cell catalyst prepared in comparative example 1 with a commercial 40% Pt/C.
FIG. 8 is a comparison graph of LSV plots of PtY/C-2 fuel cell catalysts prepared in comparative example 1 versus commercial 40% Pt/C;
FIG. 9 is a CV diagram comparison of PtY/C-3 fuel cell catalyst prepared in comparative example 2 with commercial 40% Pt/C;
FIG. 10 is a comparison graph of LSV plots of PtY/C-3 fuel cell catalysts prepared in comparative example 2 versus commercial 40% Pt/C;
FIG. 11 is a CV diagram comparing the PtY/C-4 fuel cell catalyst prepared in comparative example 3 with commercial 40% Pt/C.
FIG. 12 is a comparison of LSV plots for the PtY/C-4 fuel cell catalyst prepared in comparative example 3 with commercial 40% Pt/C.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are given by way of examples, but are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a carbon-supported platinum yttrium catalyst with a hydrothermal reaction temperature of 150 ℃ comprises the following steps:
step 1) preparation of a platinum yttrium material, namely mixing platinum acetylacetonate and yttrium acetylacetonate hydrate according to the mass ratio of 2:1, stirring and dispersing in N, N-dimethylformamide, and then carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 150 ℃ to obtain a platinum yttrium solution containing a platinum yttrium material, namely a PtY material;
in order to confirm the composition of the PtY material obtained, XRD testing was performed. The test results are shown in fig. 1, and show that peaks with diffraction angles of 39.89, 46.40, and 67.71 correspond to face-centered cubic structures (111), (200), and (220) of Pt, and thus, the test results show that the PtY material has single-phase platinum, but no yttrium element is detected.
And 2) preparing the carbon-supported platinum yttrium catalyst, namely adding carbon black into the platinum yttrium solution obtained in the step 1 at room temperature, uniformly stirring, centrifuging, and drying in vacuum to obtain the carbon-supported platinum yttrium catalyst. Is named PtY/C-1.
To confirm the composition of the resulting PtY/C material, XRD testing was performed. As shown in fig. 1, the peaks with diffraction angles of 39.89, 46.40 and 67.71 are the same as those of PtY material, i.e. they correspond to face-centered cubic structures (111), (200) and (220) of Pt, so that the test results show that the PtY material has single-phase platinum, but no yttrium element is detected. In addition, the peak with the diffraction angle of 25 corresponds to a carbon carrier, and XRD results of the PtY material and the PtY/C material show that the PtY material is successfully loaded on the carbon black in the step 2; and Pt is present in the material in the elemental state.
Since the XRD test did not detect Y element, the EDS test was performed to confirm the presence of yttrium element, and the test result is shown in fig. 2, confirming that the PtY/C material contains Y element; the existence form of the Y element in the PtY/C material is amorphous through combined analysis of XRD and EDS test results.
In order to confirm the uniform dispersion of the elements, a TEM test was performed, and the results are shown in fig. 2, and the distribution of the elements in the PtY/C material was uniform by combining the TEM and EDS test results.
In order to prove the performance of the invention, electrochemical tests are carried out, and the specific test method is as follows:
dispersing 5mg of prepared PtY/C-1 in 1mL of 0.25% Nafion/ethanol solution, performing ultrasonic treatment for 20min, dropping 10uL of mixed solution on a glassy carbon electrode, drying under an infrared lamp, performing calibration in a 0.1M HClO4 solution by using a three-electrode electrolytic cell test mode, and performing cyclic voltammetry on the solution at 0.1M-N by using E (RHE) = E (Ag/AgCl) +0.268V 2 Saturated HClO 4 Tested in solution, the test range is 0.018-1.068V, and the scanning speed is 5mVs -1 The test was carried out under the conditions, the test results are shown in FIG. 3, and it was calculated that the electrochemical active surface area of PtY/C-1 of the present invention was 43.75m 2 g pt -1 。
For comparison with commercial 40% Pt/C, electrochemical testing was performed on commercial 40% Pt/C using the Pt/C test method, with the same steps as the previous test method, except that: a commercial 40% Pt/C electrochemical test was performed by dropping 5uL of the mixed solution onto a glassy carbon electrode. The results of the test are shown in FIG. 3, and the electrochemical active surface area calculated for a commercial 40% Pt/C is 62.19m 2 g pt -1 。
In order to further prove the electrochemical performance, the half-wave potential data is tested by adopting a linear sweep voltammetry method, and the oxygen reduction catalytic activity is evaluated. Specific tests passed PtY/C-1 with commercial 40% Pt/C catalyst at O 2 Saturated 0.1M HClO 4 Polarization curve in solution, useThe test results obtained with a rotating disk electrode at 1600rpm are shown in FIG. 4, where PtY shows no catalytic activity in the absence of support; the half-wave potential of the PtY/C-1 catalyst was 0.863V, with a similar half-wave potential as commercial 40% Pt/C. Therefore, PtY/C-1 has excellent oxygen reduction catalytic performance.
To evaluate the ORR catalytic activity of PtY/C-1, the mass activities of PtY/C-1 and commercial 40% Pt/C at a voltage of 0.9V were calculated, and the result was shown in FIG. 5 to be 0.09Amg for PtY/C-1 pt -1 40% Pt/C mass activity of 0.037 Amg pt -1 PtY/C-1 mass activity was 2.43 times that of commercial 40% Pt/C.
In order to prove that the PtY/C-1 prepared in example 1 has good durability, a cycle test was carried out, the test result is shown in FIG. 6, and the durability test of 3000 cycles proves that the current density is-5.79 mAcm -2 The half-wave potential was 0.793V. The result shows that PtY/C-1 still has good catalytic activity.
To explore the influence of the preparation process, which adopts different carbon addition methods, on the performance, comparative example 1 is provided, specifically, a one-step method is adopted, and carbon loading is performed while synthesizing the PtY material.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a carbon-supported platinum yttrium material prepared by a one-step method is the same as the preparation method described in example 1, except that: in the step 1, the carbon black, platinum acetylacetonate and yttrium acetylacetonate hydrate are placed in N, N-dimethylformamide together to be stirred and dispersed, and then hydrothermal reaction is carried out, and the carbon-supported platinum yttrium material can be obtained through centrifugation and vacuum drying, wherein the material obtained without the step 2 is named as PtY/C-2.
In order to demonstrate the performance of the present invention, an electrochemical test was conducted in the same manner as in example 1, and the test results are shown in FIG. 7, in which PtY/C-2 of the present invention had an electrochemically active surface area of 0m 2 g pt -1 。
To further demonstrate the electrochemical performance, the oxygen reduction catalytic activity was evaluated using linear sweep voltammetry to test the half-wave potential data, the test method was as in example 1. The test result is shown in FIG. 8, the half-wave potential of the catalyst is 0.818V, the half-wave potential is negatively shifted by 45mV compared with PtY/C-1, and the limiting current density is also obviously reduced.
As can be seen from comparative example 1, the effect of the carbon addition method on the performance was significant.
In order to investigate the effect of the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction on a carbon-supported platinum yttrium catalyst, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 were provided, and the hydrothermal temperatures were 140 ℃ and 160 ℃ for the carbon-supported platinum yttrium materials, respectively.
Comparative example 2
A preparation method of a carbon-supported platinum yttrium material with a hydrothermal temperature of 140 ℃ is the same as the preparation method described in example 1, except that: the hydrothermal temperature in the step 1) is 140 ℃. The material prepared is denoted PtY/C-3.
In order to demonstrate the performance of the present invention, an electrochemical test was conducted in the same manner as in example 1, and the test results are shown in FIG. 9, in which PtY/C-3 of the present invention had an electrochemically active surface area of 0m 2 g pt -1 。
To further demonstrate the electrochemical performance, the oxygen reduction catalytic activity was evaluated using linear sweep voltammetry to test half-wave potential data, the test method being as in example 1. The test result is shown in FIG. 10, the half-wave potential of the catalyst is 0.688V, the half-wave potential is negatively shifted by 175mV compared with PtY/C-1, and the limiting current density is also obviously reduced.
As can be seen from comparative example 1, the effect of temperature drop on the performance was significant.
Comparative example 3
A preparation method of a carbon-supported platinum yttrium material with a hydrothermal temperature of 160 ℃, wherein the steps which are not particularly described in the specific steps are the same as the preparation method described in the embodiment 1, except that: the hydrothermal temperature of step 1) was changed to 160 ℃. The material prepared is designated PtY/C-4.
To demonstrate the performance of the present invention, electrochemical tests were performed in the same manner as in example 1, and the test results were obtainedAs shown in FIG. 11, it was calculated that the electrochemically active surface area of PtY/C-4 of the present invention was 0m 2 g pt -1 。
To further demonstrate the electrochemical performance, the oxygen reduction catalytic activity was evaluated using linear sweep voltammetry to test half-wave potential data, the test method being as in example 1. The test result is shown in FIG. 12, the half-wave potential of the catalyst is 0.803V, the half-wave potential is negatively shifted by 60mV compared with PtY/C-1, and the limiting current density is also obviously reduced.
As can be seen from comparative example 1, the effect on the properties at temperature is significant.
As can be seen from comparative examples 1, 2 and 3, the catalytic performances of the material PtY/C-3 and the material PtY/C-4 are lower than that of the material PtY/C-1, and the remarkable influence on the material under different hydrothermal conditions is proved.
Therefore, the obtained carbon-supported platinum yttrium catalyst can fully exert the electrochemical performance only through the process technology provided by the invention.

Claims (3)

1. A carbon-supported platinum yttrium catalyst is characterized in that platinum acetylacetonate and yttrium acetylacetonate are used as a platinum source and an yttrium source, wherein the mass ratio of platinum acetylacetonate to yttrium acetylacetonate hydrate is 2:1, a platinum yttrium material is obtained through hydrothermal reaction, the reaction temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 150 ℃, the platinum yttrium material is obtained through carbon supporting, carbon black is put into the platinum yttrium material obtained through the hydrothermal reaction and is uniformly mixed, and then the platinum yttrium material is subjected to centrifugation and vacuum drying to obtain the material with the low platinum content of 6.0-6.5%; wherein Pt exists in the material in a simple substance state, and the existence form of Y element is amorphous; through electrochemical tests, the carbon-supported platinum yttrium has excellent catalytic performance, the half-wave potential is 0.863V, and the mass activity of the carbon-supported platinum yttrium is 0.09Amg pt -1 @0.9V, electrochemically active surface area of 43-45m 2 g pt -1 。
2. A preparation method of a carbon-supported platinum yttrium catalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) preparing a platinum yttrium material, namely placing acetylacetone platinum and acetylacetone yttrium hydrate in a certain substance amount ratio in N, N-dimethylformamide for stirring and dispersing, and then performing hydrothermal reaction under certain conditions to obtain a platinum yttrium solution containing the platinum yttrium material;
the mass ratio of platinum acetylacetonate to yttrium acetylacetonate hydrate in the step 1 is 2: 1; the reaction temperature of the hydrothermal reaction in the step 1 is 150 ℃, and the reaction time is 12 hours;
step 2) preparing a carbon-supported platinum yttrium catalyst, namely putting carbon black into the platinum yttrium solution obtained in the step 1, uniformly mixing, and then centrifuging and drying in vacuum to obtain the carbon-supported platinum yttrium catalyst;
the step 2 is uniformly mixed under the condition of stirring at room temperature for 1-2h, and the vacuum drying is carried out under the conditions of drying temperature of 50-60 ℃ and drying time of 10-12 h;
wherein Pt exists in the material in a simple substance state, and the existence form of Y element is amorphous; electrochemical tests prove that the carbon-supported platinum yttrium prepared by the preparation method has excellent catalytic performance, the half-wave potential is 0.863V, and the mass activity of the carbon-supported platinum yttrium is 0.09Amg pt -1 @0.9V, electrochemical active surface area of 43-45m 2 g pt -1 。
3. Use of the carbon-supported platinum yttrium catalyst according to claim 1 as a fuel cell catalyst, wherein the half-wave potential is 0.863V and the mass activity is 0.09Amg pt -1 @0.9V, electrochemical active surface area of 43-45m 2 g pt -1 。
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