Preparation process of carbon-based supercapacitor
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of capacitor preparation, in particular to a preparation process of a carbon-based super capacitor.
Background
As a novel energy storage element, the super capacitor has the advantages of long cycle life, good reversibility, high energy density and power density and the like, can effectively make up the blank between the traditional capacitor and a battery, and has attracted extensive attention once coming out. In view of various performance advantages, the super capacitor can be widely applied to a plurality of fields such as automobile industry, aerospace, information technology, electronic industry, national defense science and technology and the like, and belongs to a low-carbon economic core product.
The electrode material is a key factor in determining the performance of the supercapacitor. The porous carbon material has the advantages of low price, good electrochemical stability, large specific surface area and pore capacity and the like, and is the preferred electrode material of the super capacitor
Most of the existing carbon-based super capacitors are double-layer capacitors and consist of a current collector, an electrode material, an electrolyte tank and a diaphragm. The carbon-based super capacitor has the following problems: 1. because the electrode materials all need a metal current collector to coat the electrode materials, the electrode materials need to be adhered to the current collector by using an adhesive and a dispersing agent, so that the quality of the electrode plate is greatly increased; 2. because the current collector is made of copper or aluminum, the current collector can be continuously corroded in electrolyte to continuously reduce the performance of the super capacitor, and meanwhile, due to the existence of adhesives and the like, the cycle life and the performance of the super capacitor can be obviously reduced in the using process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of large electrode plate mass and influence on service life in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation process of a carbon-based supercapacitor.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the preparation process of the carbon-based supercapacitor comprises the steps of sequentially carrying out pretreatment, pulping, mixing, coating, drying and cutting on a current collector to obtain the supercapacitor through a composite material consisting of carbon and manganese dioxide, and comprises the following steps of:
the preparation of the electrode slice comprises the following steps:
1) and (4) pretreating a corrosion aluminum foil current collector.
2) Pulping: the adhesive, the conductive agent and the NMP are mixed according to the proportion of 7: 3: 1 mass ratio to form the pulping material.
3) Mixing materials: uniformly mixing the pulping materials in the step 2), mixing by using a ball milling process, and grinding for 2 hours by using a planetary ball mill.
4) Coating: and (3) coating the pulp material ground in the step (3) on a corrosion aluminum foil by a scraper in one step to obtain the electrode sheet base material.
5) And (3) drying: standing the electrode slice base material in the step 4) in a vacuum drying oven at a pre-drying temperature of 50-60 ℃ for 10-12 h, and then standing the electrode slice base material in a high-temperature drying oven at a temperature of 120 ℃ for 10-12 h.
6) Cutting: and cutting the electrode plate substrate by using a cutting machine to prepare the electrode plate.
The preparation of the electrode material comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a binary compound by using an extraction method, mixing a manganese nitrate solution, pure activated carbon and ultrapure water together according to the mass ratio of 2:2:30, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, standing for 10 minutes under a vacuum condition, adding acetone for extraction, washing the mixed solution after extraction once, drying in a 60-DEG blast drying oven to form a binary compound AC/MnO2 of a carbon dioxide substrate and manganese dioxide,
2) and sintering the binary compound under the protection of argon for 2 hours at the sintering temperature of 400 ℃.
3) Adding the graphene dispersion liquid to the binary compound in the step 2) to form a ternary compound, wherein the preparation method of the graphene dispersion liquid comprises the following steps: 10g of graphene was mixed in 200ml of NMP solution. 0.5g of graphene is taken each time and mixed into NMP solution, stirring is kept, 50ml of NMP solution is added into a homogenizer, the graphene solution is slowly added, the pressure of a containing cavity is continuously increased to 1300bar during the process, the solution is kept for 30min, the solution is taken out, ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 2h in ultrasonic waves, the solution is subjected to suction filtration treatment, and the graphene dispersion liquid is obtained by filtering in a filter membrane of 2 um. And finally, coating the mixture on the binary compound, and drying the mixture for 12 hours in a blast drying oven at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the ternary compound.
4) And (5) laser etching the surface of the ternary compound, and finishing the preparation of the electrode material.
After the electrode plates and the electrode materials are prepared, materials such as a diaphragm and a battery shell are prepared, and the capacitor is assembled according to a conventional process.
Preferably, the carbon-based supercapacitor is an electric double layer capacitor.
Preferably, the binder in step 2) is PVDF and the conductive agent is carbon black.
Preferably, the membrane in the step 4) is a wetting glass fiber membrane, the pore size of the membrane is 2.7-3.0 μm, and the thickness of the membrane is 675-680 μm.
Preferably, the electrode material is prepared in step 1), the electrode material takes pure activated carbon as a substrate, and the specific surface area of the electrode material is 3000m2/g。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the capacitor diaphragm provided by the invention adopts the glass fiber diaphragm, and is beneficial to migration and diffusion of electrolyte ions compared with polypropylene cyanide diaphragms and quantitative filter paper used in other capacitors, and when the purity of a manganese source is improved by using an extraction method in preparation of an electrode material, impurities influencing the electrode material are not generated, the raw material cost is low, and the environment is not polluted.
2. When the ternary compound is prepared, the graphene dispersion liquid is compounded with the AC/MnO2 to form a sandwich structure, the structure can exert the performance of graphene and inhibit the graphene from being stacked, on the other hand, the conductivity of the activated carbon can be improved, and the physical strength of a mixture is greatly increased.
3. The capacitor prepared by the method has excellent cycle performance, and because the particles of the manganese ions are inserted into the pure activated carbon, the situation that the performance attenuation is accelerated due to decomposition caused by side reaction during charging and discharging can be avoided, the service life of the super capacitor is reduced, holes on the surface of the activated carbon are filled, the immersion of electrolyte ions can be hindered, the corrosion of the electrolyte is prevented, and the super capacitor with rapid charging and discharging, low attenuation and high power density is provided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM photograph of a glass fiber membrane in the preparation method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the cycle performance of a glass fiber membrane in the manufacturing process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of the electrode material after extraction in the preparation method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a SEM image after sintering in the manufacturing method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an SEM image of a ternary complex in the preparation method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the laser etching effect in the manufacturing method of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a preparation process of a carbon-based supercapacitor mainly comprises the steps of pretreating a composite material composed of carbon and manganese dioxide by a current collector, pulping, mixing, coating, drying and cutting into pieces to obtain an electrode plate of the supercapacitor, and preparing the electrode plate and an electrode material.
The preparation of the electrode slice comprises the following steps:
1) pretreatment of corrosion aluminum foil current collector: cutting an aluminum foil sheet with the thickness of 8cm multiplied by 20cm, soaking the aluminum foil sheet in alcohol, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min, taking out the aluminum foil, wiping the aluminum foil sheet by alcohol cotton, removing oil stains, and drying the aluminum foil sheet in a cool environment;
2) pulping: the adhesive PVDF, the conductive agent carbon black and NMP are mixed according to the proportion of 7: 3: 1, uniformly mixing and mixing to obtain a pulping material;
3) mixing materials: uniformly mixing the pulping materials in the step 2), mixing by using a ball milling process, and grinding for 2 hours by using a planetary ball mill;
4) coating: coating the pulp material ground in the step 3) on a corroded aluminum foil by a scraper at one time, wherein the electrode plate substrate is 7mg/cm2;
5) And (3) drying: standing the electrode slice base material in the step 4) in a vacuum drying oven at a pre-drying temperature of 50-60 ℃ for 12 hours, and then standing the electrode slice base material in a high-temperature drying oven at a temperature of 120 ℃ for 10 hours;
6) cutting: and cutting the electrode plate substrate by using a cutting machine to prepare the electrode plate.
The preparation of the electrode material comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a binary compound by using an extraction method, mixing a manganese nitrate solution, pure activated carbon and ultrapure water together according to a mass ratio of 2:2:30, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, standing for 10 minutes under a vacuum condition, adding acetone for extraction, washing mixed liquid once after extraction, and drying in a 60-DEG blast drying oven to form the binary compound AC/MnO2 of a carbon dioxide substrate and manganese dioxide, wherein the pure activated carbon is used as the substrate, and the specific surface area of the pure activated carbon is 3000m2/g;
2) And sintering the binary compound under the protection of argon for 2 hours at the sintering temperature of 400 ℃.
3) Adding the graphene dispersion liquid to the binary compound in the step 2) to form a ternary compound, wherein the preparation method of the graphene dispersion liquid comprises the following steps: 10g of graphene was mixed in 200ml of NMP solution. Mixing 0.5g of graphene into an NMP solution each time, keeping stirring, adding 50ml of the NMP solution into a homogenizer, slowly adding the graphene solution, continuously increasing the pressure of a containing cavity to 1300bar during the process, keeping for 30min, taking out the solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 2h in ultrasonic waves, carrying out suction filtration on the solution, and filtering in a 2um filter membrane to obtain a graphene dispersion solution; finally, coating the mixture on a binary compound, and drying the binary compound for 12 hours in a blast drying oven at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain a ternary compound;
4) and (5) laser etching the surface of the ternary compound, and finishing the preparation of the electrode material. The step cuts the surface of the electrode material into different modules, so that the contact area of the electrode material and the electrolyte is larger, the resistance of ions participating in the electrochemical process is reduced, and the transfer efficiency of the electrolyte ions is greatly improved.
In the step 1), the pure activated carbon and manganese dioxide compound is prepared through an extraction method, so that manganese ions can be uniformly dispersed in pore channels of the activated carbon, and in the step 3), after the activated carbon and manganese dioxide compound is prepared through the extraction method, a layer of graphene dispersion liquid needs to be laid on the surface of the activated carbon and manganese dioxide compound to form a ternary compound. And finally, carrying out laser etching on the ternary compound to improve the capacity of the capacitor.
After the electrode plates and the electrode materials are prepared, materials such as a diaphragm, a battery shell and the like are prepared, and the capacitor is assembled according to a conventional process.
In the embodiment, the diaphragm is a glass fiber diaphragm, the aperture size of the glass fiber diaphragm is 2.7-3.0 μm, the thickness of the glass fiber diaphragm is 675-680 μm, and the glass fiber diaphragm has a good circulation effect, an SEM picture refers to a figure I, the circulation performance of the glass fiber diaphragm refers to a figure 2, a binary compound of pure activated carbon and manganese dioxide is prepared by an extraction method and sintered when an electrode material is prepared, an SEM picture of the extracted electrode material refers to a figure 3, an SEM picture of the sintered binary compound refers to a figure 4, after the binary compound is sintered, a layer of graphene needs to be laid on the surface of the binary compound to form a ternary compound, an SEM picture of the ternary compound refers to a figure 5, finally the ternary compound needs to be subjected to laser etching to improve the specific capacity, and a laser etching effect picture refers to a figure 6.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the embodiments described above without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims.