CN112507937B - Satellite image unsupervised classification method and device fusing multi-source data - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a satellite image unsupervised classification method and device fusing multi-source data, which comprises the following steps: acquiring satellite image data sets of a plurality of data sources, and separating sample information and category information of the data; constructing a codec model, and designing a codec suitable for the data type and the data dimension of each data source for the data of each data source; introducing K-means clustering loss into each codec, fusing the extracted features with clustering targets, and adding constraints among different data sources; inputting satellite images of a plurality of data sources into a depth clustering model, training through a back propagation algorithm, and guiding the generation of hidden layer features; and clustering the hidden layer characteristics of each data source generated in the training process by using a K-means algorithm to obtain a plurality of clustering results, and finally obtaining a final category distribution result in a voting mode. The invention fuses satellite images of a plurality of data sources to realize an effective unsupervised classification target.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of multi-source data analysis, in particular to a satellite image unsupervised classification method and device fusing multi-source data.
Background
The satellite image is analyzed, and the method has important practical significance for improving monitoring of dangerous and disastrous weather and improving weather forecast. The key work of satellite image processing is remote sensing image classification, which is a very effective method for extracting and distinguishing geographic information elements. In the remote sensing satellite image classification processing, the classification method can be roughly divided into two types: the method mainly comprises the steps of supervised classification and unsupervised classification, wherein the most important difference between the supervised classification and the unsupervised classification is whether validated remote sensing satellite data samples are required to be subjected to rule training before classification processing.
At present, unsupervised classification research on satellite images is mainly focused on a scene with a single data source, but because meteorological satellite data formats and imaging principles of images of the meteorological satellite data formats are different, any single image cannot comprehensively reflect the characteristics of an observation target, and therefore, various satellite images with different characteristics need to be combined, so that information complementation is realized, the advantages and the disadvantages are made up, the characteristics can be more comprehensively extracted, and the result is more accurate and reliable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a satellite image unsupervised classification method and device fusing multi-source data.
The first purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
a satellite image unsupervised classification method fusing multi-source data comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring satellite image data sets of a plurality of data sources, preprocessing the data and separating sample information and category information of the data;
and S2, constructing a codec model, and designing a codec suitable for the data type and the data dimension of each data source for the data of each data source. The design is favorable for fully considering the data characteristics and better extracting the data characteristics;
s3, inputting satellite image data of a plurality of data sources into an encoding and decoding model, extracting key features of the images by the encoding and decoding model, introducing K-means clustering loss into each encoder and decoder, fusing the key features of the extracted images with a clustering target, and adding constraints among different data sources to enable feature learning of a certain specific data source to obtain help and guidance of other data sources, so that information among the features is complementary and consistent;
s4, inputting the sample information of the data into a deep clustering model, training through a back propagation algorithm, and guiding the generation of hidden layer characteristics, so that the original sample can be reconstructed, and a cluster-shaped structure can be formed, thereby better clustering operation can be performed, and the clustering precision is improved;
and S5, clustering the hidden layer characteristics of each data source generated in the training process in the step S4 by using a K-means algorithm to obtain a plurality of clustering results, and finally obtaining a final category distribution result in a voting mode.
Further, the encoding and decoding process of the encoding and decoding model is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,the ith sample representing the v-th data source,which represents the v-th encoder, decoder,represents the parameters of the v-th encoder and decoder,hidden layer features representing the ith sample of the vth data source,an ith sample representing the reconstructed vth data source;
reconstructing sample data through encoding and decoding operations of the encoding and decoding model, wherein in the process, the reconstruction loss of the v-th encoding and decoding model is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,representing the reconstruction loss of the v-th codec model,the ith sample representing the v-th data source,an ith sample representing the reconstructed vth data source, n representing the number of samples of the data set,representing the two-norm of the vector.
Further, the process of introducing K-means clustering loss into each codec in step S3 is as follows:
define the K-means clustering penalty as:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,k-means clustering loss representing the vth data source, tr represents the trace of the matrix, H v Hidden layer representation of the v-th data source, F v Is a pseudo tag matrix for the v-th data source, and F v Is an orthonormal matrix, I represents an identity matrix;
the constraints between different data sources are established as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,denotes the loss of consistency of the v-th data source, F v A pseudo tag matrix representing the v-th data source, Y representing a consistency class matrix, I representing an identity matrix,frobsen representing a matrixThe us norm.
Further, the step S4 process is as follows
Constructing an overall loss function according to the reconstruction loss, the K-means clustering loss and the consistency loss, and determining an overall training target of the depth clustering model through the overall loss function, wherein the overall loss function is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,for the reconstruction loss of the v-th codec model,indicating a loss of consistency for the vth data source,and K-means clustering loss of the v-th data source is represented, m represents the number of the data sources, and lambda represents the weight of the K-means clustering loss.
And minimizing the total loss function by using a BP algorithm so as to achieve the aim of optimizing network parameters.
Further, the step S5 process is as follows:
defining a loss function according to the original K-means algorithm, expressed as follows:
wherein, J v Representing the raw K-means loss for the vth data source,i sample, C, representing the v data source i Indicates the class cluster to which the ith sample belongs,respectively represent the total number of samples andthe center of the closest cluster is the center of the cluster,a two-norm representation of a vector;
and obtaining a clustering class by taking a loss function of the minimized K-means algorithm as a target, and finally obtaining a final class result in a voting mode through different data sources.
The other purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
an unsupervised satellite image classification device fusing multi-source data, comprising:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring satellite image data sets of a plurality of data sources, preprocessing the data and separating sample information and category information of the data;
the coding unit is used for constructing a codec model and designing a codec suitable for the data type and the data dimension of the data from each data source;
the input unit is used for inputting satellite image data of a plurality of data sources into the coding and decoding model, the coding and decoding model extracts key features of the images, introduces K-means clustering loss into each coder and decoder, fuses the extracted key features of the images with a clustering target, and adds constraints among different data sources;
the determining unit is used for inputting the sample information of the data into a deep clustering model, training the deep clustering model through a back propagation algorithm and guiding the generation of hidden layer features;
and the output unit is used for clustering the hidden layer characteristics of each data source generated in the training process in the determination unit by using a K-means algorithm to obtain a plurality of clustering results, and finally obtaining the final category distribution result in a voting mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1) According to the invention, an encoding and decoding framework is adopted, and original satellite image data is projected into a hidden layer space, so that the main characteristics and properties of an image can be extracted, and the influence caused by the noise of the image is reduced;
2) According to the method, the K-means loss is added into the model in a trainable mode to train the hidden layer feature representation and guide the generation of the hidden layer feature, so that the formation of a feature cluster structure is facilitated, clustering operation can be better performed, and the clustering precision is improved;
3) The invention integrates the satellite image characteristics of a plurality of data sources and applies consistency constraint, thereby extracting more abundant and comprehensive characteristics and achieving the effective unsupervised classification target.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a specific flowchart of the unsupervised satellite image classification method with multi-source data fusion disclosed in the present invention
FIG. 2 is a model structure diagram of the unsupervised satellite image classification method fusing multisource data according to the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
The embodiment discloses a satellite image unsupervised classification method fusing multi-source data, and as shown in fig. 1, the unsupervised classification method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring satellite image data sets of a plurality of data sources, preprocessing the data and separating sample information and category information of the data;
in specific application, the satellite image data has different data sources, such as visible light images, infrared images, water vapor images, short infrared images, microwave images and the like. As shown in FIG. 2, the model has multiple data source inputs, but its categories are consistent.
S2, constructing a codec model, and designing a codec suitable for the data type and the data dimension of each data source for the data of each data source;
in specific application, the encoding and decoding processes of the encoding and decoding model are as follows:
one of the data sources, i.e., the visible light image data source, is described here as an example.The ith sample representing the visible light image,representing the encoder and decoder corresponding to the visible light image data source,parameters of an encoder and a decoder corresponding to the visible light image data source are represented,a corresponding feature representation of the ith sample representing the visible light image,representing the ith sample of the reconstructed visible image data source. The encoder shown in fig. 2 uses a full connection layer, and then adds an activation function, and the decoder and the encoder are in a mirror structure.
Reconstructing visible light image sample data through the encoding and decoding operation in the step S2, wherein the reconstruction loss is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,representing the reconstruction loss of visible light image sample data,the ith sample representing the visible light image,the ith sample representing the source of reconstructed visible image data,representing the two-norm of the vector.
S3, inputting satellite image data of a plurality of data sources into an encoding and decoding model, extracting key features of the images by the encoding and decoding model, introducing K-means clustering loss into each encoder and decoder, fusing the key features of the extracted images with a clustering target, and adding constraints among different data sources to enable information among the features to be complementary and consistent;
in specific application, the K-means clustering loss is as follows:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,representing the K-means clustering loss of the visible light image data source, tr representing the trace of the matrix, H v Hidden layer feature representing a visible light image data source, F v Is a pseudo label matrix under the data source ofAn orthonormal matrix, I denotes an identity matrix.
As shown in fig. 2, with the help of K-means clustering loss, the feature representations of the samples are more discriminative, i.e., the sample features of the same class are closer in distance, and the sample features of different classes are farther in distance.
The constraints between different data sources are:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,denotes the loss of consistency of the v-th data source, F v A pseudo tag matrix representing the v-th data source, Y representing a consistency class matrix, I representing an identity matrix,representing the Frobsenius norm of the matrix.
As shown in fig. 2, sample feature learning of each data source can be assisted by other data source information through alignment of pseudo tag matrixes of multiple data sources. With the help of other data source information, the sample characteristics of each data source are better learned, namely the sample characteristics of the same type are more compact, the sample characteristics of different types are more far away, and the subsequent type distribution is more facilitated.
S4, inputting the sample information of the data into a deep clustering model, training through a back propagation algorithm, and guiding the generation of hidden layer characteristics, so that the original sample can be reconstructed, and a cluster-shaped structure can be formed, thereby better clustering operation can be performed, and the clustering precision is improved;
in specific application, satellite images of a plurality of data sources are input into the deep clustering model, training is carried out through a back propagation algorithm, and the generation process of guiding the hidden layer features is as follows:
constructing an overall loss function according to the reconstruction loss, the K-means clustering loss and the consistency loss, and determining an overall training target of the deep clustering model through the overall loss function, wherein the overall loss function is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,for the reconstruction loss of the vth codec model,indicating a loss of consistency for the vth data source,and representing the loss of the K-means clustering of the v-th data source, m representing the number of the data sources, and lambda representing the weight of the loss of the K-means clustering.
And minimizing the total loss function by using a BP algorithm so as to achieve the aim of optimizing network parameters.
And S5, clustering the hidden layer characteristics of each data source generated in the training process in the step S4 by using a K-means algorithm to obtain a plurality of clustering results, and finally obtaining a final category distribution result in a voting mode.
In specific application, the loss function of the original K-means algorithm is expressed as follows:
wherein, J v Representing the raw K-means loss for the v-th data source,implicit layer feature representation of the ith sample representing the vth data source, C i Indicates the cluster of classes to which the ith sample belongs,respectively represent the total number of samples andthe center of the closest cluster is the center of the cluster,representing the two-norm of the vector. And obtaining the cluster category by taking the loss function of the minimized K-means algorithm as a target. And finally, obtaining a final classification result in a voting mode of different data sources. Such as a total of three data sources: visible light images, infrared images, water vapor images. Among the three data sources, if a pair of samples belongs to the same class according to the clustering results of two or three data sources (namely more than half), the pair of samples is finally judged to belong to the same class, otherwise, the pair of samples is judged to be in different classes.
Example two
The embodiment discloses a satellite image unsupervised classification device fusing multi-source data, which comprises:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring satellite image data sets of a plurality of data sources, preprocessing the data and separating sample information and category information of the data;
the coding unit is used for constructing a codec model and designing a codec suitable for the data type and the data dimension of the data from each data source;
the input unit is used for inputting satellite image data of a plurality of data sources into the coding and decoding model, the coding and decoding model extracts key features of the images, introduces K-means clustering loss into each coder and decoder, fuses the extracted key features of the images with a clustering target, and adds constraints among different data sources;
the determining unit is used for inputting the sample information of the data into a deep clustering model, training the deep clustering model through a back propagation algorithm and guiding the generation of hidden layer features;
and the output unit is used for clustering the hidden layer characteristics of each data source generated in the training process in the determination unit by using a K-means algorithm to obtain a plurality of clustering results, and finally obtaining the final category distribution result in a voting mode.
It should be noted that, in the foregoing embodiment, each included unit is only divided according to functional logic, but is not limited to the above division as long as the corresponding function can be implemented; in addition, specific names of the functional units are only for convenience of distinguishing from each other, and are not used for limiting the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the steps in the foregoing embodiments may be implemented by a program to instruct related hardware, and the corresponding program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as a ROM/RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A satellite image unsupervised classification method fusing multi-source data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, satellite image data sets of a plurality of data sources are obtained, and sample information and category information of the data are separated by preprocessing the data;
s2, constructing a codec model, and designing a codec suitable for the data type and the data dimension of the data source for the data of each data source;
the encoding and decoding process of the encoding and decoding model is as follows:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,the ith sample representing the vth data source,which represents the v-th encoder, decoder,represents the parameters of the v-th encoder and decoder,a hidden layer is shown,an ith sample representing the reconstructed vth data source;
reconstructing sample data through encoding and decoding operations of the encoding and decoding model, wherein in the process, the reconstruction loss of the v-th encoding and decoding model is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,representing the reconstruction loss of the v-th codec model,the ith sample representing the v-th data source,represents the reconstructed secondThe ith sample of the v data sources, n represents the number of samples of the data set,a two-norm representation of a vector;
s3, inputting satellite image data of a plurality of data sources into a coding and decoding model, extracting key features of the images by the coding and decoding model, introducing K-means clustering loss into each coder and decoder, fusing the key features of the extracted images with a clustering target, and adding constraints among different data sources; the process of introducing the K-means clustering loss into each codec is as follows:
define K-means clustering loss as:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,k-means clustering loss representing the v-th data source, tr representing the trace of the matrix, H v Hidden layer representation representing the v-th data source, F v Is a pseudo tag matrix for the v-th data source, and F v Is an orthonormal matrix, I represents an identity matrix;
the constraints between different data sources are established as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,denotes the loss of consistency of the v-th data source, F v A pseudo tag matrix representing the v-th data source, Y representing a consistency class matrix, I representing an identity matrix,a Frobsenius norm representing a matrix;
s4, inputting the sample information of the data into a deep clustering model, training through a back propagation algorithm, and guiding the generation of hidden layer features;
and S5, clustering the hidden layer characteristics of each data source generated in the training process in the step S4 by using a K-means algorithm to obtain a plurality of clustering results, and finally obtaining a final category distribution result in a voting mode.
2. The unsupervised satellite image classification method fusing multisource data according to claim 1, wherein the procedure of step S4 is as follows
Constructing an overall loss function according to the reconstruction loss, the K-means clustering loss and the consistency loss, and determining an overall training target of the deep clustering model through the overall loss function, wherein the overall loss function is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,for the reconstruction loss of the v-th codec model,indicating a loss of consistency for the vth data source,representing the K mean value clustering loss of the v-th data source, wherein m represents the number of the data sources, and lambda represents the weight of the K mean value clustering loss;
and minimizing the total loss function by using a BP algorithm so as to achieve the aim of optimizing network parameters.
3. The unsupervised classification method for satellite images fused with multi-source data according to claim 1, wherein the step S5 comprises the following steps:
defining a loss function according to the original K-means algorithm, expressed as follows:
wherein, J v Representing the raw K-means loss, C, of the v-th data source i Indicates the cluster of the class to which the ith sample belongs, n,respectively represent the total number of samples andthe center of the closest cluster is the center of the cluster,a two-norm representation of a vector;
and obtaining a clustering class by taking a loss function of the minimized K-means algorithm as a target, and finally obtaining a final class result in a voting mode through different data sources.
4. A satellite image unsupervised classification device based on the satellite image unsupervised classification method fusing multisource data according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the unsupervised classification device comprises:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring satellite image data sets of a plurality of data sources, preprocessing the data and separating sample information and category information of the data;
the coding unit is used for constructing a codec model and designing a codec suitable for the data type and the data dimension of each data source for the data of each data source;
the input unit is used for inputting satellite image data of a plurality of data sources into the coding and decoding model, the coding and decoding model extracts key features of the images, introduces K-means clustering loss into each coder and decoder, fuses the extracted key features of the images with a clustering target, and adds constraints among different data sources;
the determining unit is used for inputting the sample information of the data into a deep clustering model, training the deep clustering model through a back propagation algorithm and guiding the generation of hidden layer features;
and the output unit is used for clustering the hidden layer characteristics of each data source generated in the training process in the determination unit by using a K-means algorithm to obtain a plurality of clustering results, and finally obtaining the final category distribution result in a voting mode.
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