CN112506535A - Method for updating Bootloader software by automobile ECU controller - Google Patents
Method for updating Bootloader software by automobile ECU controller Download PDFInfo
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- G06F8/65—Updates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for updating and upgrading Bootloader software by an automobile ECU (electronic control unit), which comprises the following steps of: dividing the space of the MCU memory area; making a BootRom software program; making a Bootloader APP updater program; burning the MIX writing file into the ECU controller before the ECU shell is sealed and sealed; reading software checking information; brushing the prepared bootloadAPP updater program into an application program APP area; when the controller ECU program runs in the Bootloader APP, the Bootloader program can be updated. The invention can rapidly realize self-updating and upgrading based on the existing Bootloader program, and the method can achieve the purposes of safety, high efficiency, reliability and time and cost saving in the process of flashing and updating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile ECU controllers, in particular to a method for updating and upgrading Bootloader software by an automobile ECU controller.
Background
Along with the improvement of the automobile electronization degree, the automobile ECU application program inevitably has BUGs, the BUGs are more when the code amount is larger, two modes of software BUG repair and software function upgrade are generally provided, and the update of the application program must be completed by using a special burning tool in the early stage of ECU software development. The special burner is directly connected with a program debugging pin of the MCU to complete the programming of the program. The ECU of the product in the later development stage does not provide program debugging ports (such as BDM, JTAG, serial ports and the like), and after the ECU is arranged in a mechanical shell and is sealed and loaded, the reserved program debugging ports are not provided, and the program can not be updated by using a special burning tool. Generally, the software code of the ECU application program is updated by utilizing Bootloader upper and lower computer software through an automobile CAN network. The method has the advantages that the requirement for updating and upgrading APP software is met in developing the Bootloader, the requirement for refreshing and diagnosing specifications of a host factory is met, the development period is long, and the problem that the Bootloader needs to be updated and upgraded due to the fact that a bug exists in the previous stage due to incomplete Bootloader function cannot be avoided. And in the prior Bootloader self-updating process, the risk of brushing bricks by the controller exists because of accidental power failure of the controller. Therefore, improvements in the prior art are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, a method for updating and upgrading Bootloader software by an automobile ECU controller is provided, so that the safe reliability of the Bootloader can be renewed after the controller is powered on again due to unexpected power failure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for updating and upgrading Bootloader software by an automobile ECU (electronic control unit), which comprises the following steps of:
s1: dividing the space of the MCU memory area;
s2: making a BootRom software program;
s3: making a Bootloader program;
s4: burning MIX flash files of a complete BootRom program and a Bootloader program into an ECU controller before sealing an ECU shell;
s5: reading software verification information, jumping to the application program APP if the application program APP is judged to be valid, and staying in a Bootloader program if the verification is invalid;
s6: printing the manufactured Bootloader program into an application program APP area through the Bootloader program, and writing a Bootloader request mark by finishing software verification and resetting BootRom jump starting address information;
s7: when the controller ECU program runs in the Bootloader APP, the Bootloader program can be updated, BootRom jump starting address information is reset after verification is completed, and a Bootloader request flag is cleared.
In step S1, before the controller writes the Bootloader via the debug port, in order to meet the requirement for implementing self-update of the Bootloader program, the storage space of the ECU needs to be divided into a fixed Flash area, a Bootloader area, an APP application software area, and a user data storage area.
The method for updating and upgrading Bootloader software by the automobile ECU controller comprises the steps that the fixed Flash area is located in a memory PFLASH space and comprises a Boot Rom program area and a reset interrupt vector, the Boot Rom program area is independently used for address protection, the code segment is located in the minimum erasing sector of the PFLASH start, the Bootloader area is located in the memory PFLASH space, the start address is located at the start of the address of the second sector of the PFLASH, the APP application program software area is located in the memory PFLASH space and comprises application program codes and an application program interrupt vector table, the interrupt vector table needs to be isolated and protected from the application program, the address is located above the application program code segment, the user data storage area is located in the memory DFLASH or an external EEPROM memory space and comprises the application program and Bootloader valid check information, Bootloader update mark information, logistics data information, APP data parameter information and Boot Rom jump address information, and the PFLASH refers to a program code storage area, the DFLASH refers to a data storage area and is a section of address space for simulating EEPROM function storage by using PFLASH.
According to the method for updating and upgrading the Bootloader software by the automobile ECU controller, the Boot Rom program is used for judging whether the Boot program is complete and effective before the Bootloader program is loaded, the Bootloader is operated under the effective condition, and if the application program is judged to be complete and effective, the Bootloader APP program is operated by jumping to the operating initial address corresponding to the application program.
According to the method for updating and upgrading the Bootloader software by the automobile ECU controller, the Bootloader request downloading flag bit stored in the DFLASH is read in advance before the Boot Rom program is powered on and run each time, if the flag bit is 1, BootRom jump address information is read, and otherwise, the Bootloader code initial address is jumped to by default.
The MIX flash file refers to merging the respective compiled executable binary files into one block.
Reading software check information means that the valid and invalid marks of the application program APP are stored in a user storage space, and preparation for programming Bootloader programs comprises adaption to a boot upper computer.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) optimizing and modifying the program of the existing Bootloader to manufacture a Bootloader APP program, and printing the Bootloader APP program into the controller ECU to quickly realize self-updating of the Bootloader;
(2) the bootrom program can rapidly guide and switch the Bootloader and the Bootloader APP program, the occupied RAM space is small, and the risk that the controller becomes a brick due to unexpected power failure or failure in the Boot updating process can be prevented.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the MCU memory space division for implementing the secure flush Bootloader program according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a procedure for updating and upgrading a Bootloader scheme based on a Bootloader program according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
The drawings attached to the present specification, the depicted structures, ratios, sizes, and the like are only used for matching the disclosure of the present specification, so that those skilled in the art can understand and read the present specification, and do not limit the conditions that the present invention can be implemented, so that the present specification does not have a substantial technical meaning, and any structural modifications, ratio changes, or size adjustments should still fall within the scope of the present disclosure without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for updating and upgrading Bootloader software by an automobile ECU controller, which mainly comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
s1: dividing the space of the MCU memory area;
s2: making a BootRom software program;
s3: making a Bootloader program;
s4: burning MIX flash files of a complete BootRom program and a Bootloader program into an ECU controller before sealing an ECU shell;
s5: reading software verification information, jumping to the application program APP if the application program APP is judged to be valid, and staying in a Bootloader program if the verification is invalid;
s6: printing the manufactured Bootloader program into an application program APP area through the Bootloader program, and writing a Bootloader request mark by finishing software verification and resetting BootRom jump starting address information;
s7: when the controller ECU program runs in the Bootloader APP, the Bootloader program can be updated, BootRom jump starting address information is reset after verification is completed, and a Bootloader request flag is cleared.
Specifically, dividing the memory area space of the MCU, before the controller flushes the Bootloader through the debug port, in order to ensure the independence and security of the program in the flushing process and meet the requirement of implementing the self-update of the Bootloader program, the memory space of the ECU needs to be divided into a fixed Flash area, a Bootloader area, an APP application program software area and a user data memory area, the detailed division method steps are as shown in fig. 2, the fixed Flash area is located in the memory PFLASH space and includes a BootRom program area and a reset interrupt vector, the BootRom program area is separately address protected and is located in the minimum erasing sector at the beginning of the PFLASH, in order to ensure that the code segment is not erased in the program flushing process, the APP application program area is located in the memory PFLASH space and includes application program codes and an application program interrupt vector table, wherein the interrupt table needs to be isolated and protected from the application program, and the address is located above the application program code segment, the user data storage area is located in a memory DFLASH or an external EEPROM memory space and comprises an application program, valid verification information of a Bootloader, update flag information of the Bootloader, logistics data information, APP data parameter information and Boot Rom jump address information, the PFLASH refers to a program code storage area, and the DFLASH refers to a data storage area.
For a DFLASH or EEPROM data storage area, read stream data information is subjected to version vehicle information matching before a Bootloader or Bootloader APP code communication process with an upper computer is performed, integrity verification is performed after the completion of the flash, verification effective information is written, a refresh zone bit is updated, single-byte and multi-byte read-write operation is performed, and therefore the DFLASH or EEPROM data storage area needs to be placed in the area. All information needing to be stored in the user data area is subjected to CRC16 verification, and user data safety is improved.
When a Boot Rom program is manufactured, the starting address designated by the MCU reset vector is usually fixed after each power-on, so the BootRom program is run after each power-on, as shown in fig. 3, the BootRom program is used to determine whether the Boot program is complete and the program is valid before loading the Bootloader program, run the Bootloader under valid conditions, jump to the running starting address corresponding to the application program if the application program is determined to be complete and valid, and run the loaded Bootloader APP program, thereby increasing the security and reliability of the process of updating the Bootloader.
Before a Boot Rom program is powered on and run, a Boot loader request downloading flag bit stored in a DFLASH is read in advance, if the flag bit is 1 (a Boot loader program updating request exists), BootRom jump address information is read, otherwise, the Boot ROM code is jumped to a Boot loader code initial address by default.
In addition, when a Bootloader APP updater program is manufactured, the Bootloader APP program is used for executing updating and upgrading the Bootloader program, the function of the Bootloader APP updater program is similar to that of the existing Bootloader, Flash programming and erasing driving is provided, the OEM refreshing requirement and the UDS diagnosis specification requirement are also met, compared with the original Bootloader program, programming address judgment protection is added, only Bootloader code area addresses are allowed to be downloaded, the integrity and effectiveness judgment of the Bootloader program is increased, and bootROM jump address related information and Bootloader request downloading marker bit information can be written. Before the Bootloader program is operated, in order to ensure the integrity and the safety of the BootRom program, the complete BootRom program and an MIX flash file of the Bootloader need to be burned into an ECU (electronic control unit) controller together before the ECU shell is sealed, wherein the MIX flash file refers to the fact that the respective compiled executable binary files are combined into one. When software checking information is read, if the application program APP is judged to be valid, the application program APP is jumped to, if the application program APP is judged to be invalid, the application program APP is stopped in the Bootloader, when the Bootloader program needs to be updated and upgraded, a normal refreshing session mode is entered, the Bootloader program is ready to be refreshed and works, and the Bootloader program is adapted to the boot upper computer.
Meanwhile, after the foregoing preparation work of updating Bootloader is completed, a new Bootloader updating process flow needs to be completed based on Bootloader APP as shown in fig. 3, and with reference to the refresh flow steps in fig. 1, step S6 is first executed, where the process 1 in fig. 3 is described as follows:
when the controller is powered on and has no flashing request, the ECU controller firstly enters a Boot Rom program to read a flag bit of a Bootloader flashing request in advance, if no request exists, the Bootloader starting address is jumped by default to run the program, the Bootloader program can firstly read the application program flashing request, if yes, the application program flashing request enters a refreshing session mode to be subjected to flashing operation, otherwise, the ECU controller jumps to the application program starting address to run an application program APP program after the application program is verified.
Now, the Bootloader APP updater program needs to be refreshed based on the existing Bootloader program, as indicated by process 2 shown in fig. 3, the Bootloader program performs a refresh operation after receiving an application program refresh request, integrity check is performed on the refreshed Bootloader APP code after downloading is completed, the integrity check process includes performing CRC32 integrity check on the downloaded Bootloader APP code read back from FLASH in the Bootloader program, if the check is passed, writing the application program check information to be valid or invalid, when the Bootloader APP program is determined to be valid and successfully jumps to the Bootloader APP program, rewriting the Bootloader program update flag, and resetting a Bootloader jump address information area, where the rewriting of the Bootloader program request update flag includes setting the Bootloader program update request flag to 1 (waiting for refresh), and resetting the jump address information includes changing the BootRom jump address to the Bootloader jump address start running address.
In step S7, the controller ECU program runs in the Bootloader APP to start updating the Bootloader program, as described in the process 3 shown in fig. 3 in conjunction with step S7 in fig. 1, the Bootloader APP writes the Bootloader program in conjunction with the Bootloader APP through the upper computer, the running Bootloader APP enters a refresh session mode when detecting a Bootloader write request, and step S7 may be re-executed if power fails unexpectedly or the Bootloader download integrity detection fails during the write process; when the running Bootloader APP detects the Bootloader refresh request again, the refresh operation is carried out, if the Bootloader downloading is completed and the integrity check is passed, the Bootloader program check information is set to be valid, BootRom jump address information is reset, a Bootloader program update mark is cleared, the Bootloader program work contains an adapted Boot upper computer, the upper computer only allows the request to download the address section of the Bootloader code, and the Boot Rom jump address information is reset, namely the BootRom jump address information of the user storage area is changed into the starting address of the running Bootloader code.
And finally, after the flash is finished, powering on and resetting once, operating the BootRom program, when detecting that the updating mark of the BootLoader program is cleared and the read last updated BootLoader program is verified to be valid, jumping to the initial address of the Bootloader code, operating the BootLoader program, and finishing the updating and upgrading operation.
The method can quickly realize the Bootloader self-updating and updating by the existing Bootloader program after overcoming the defects that no program is reserved for debugging and programming ports and the ECU shell is sealed and sealing glue, and even if unexpected power failure exists in the refreshing process, the method can achieve the purposes of safety, high efficiency and reliability in the process of updating and saving time and cost.
Specific embodiments of the invention have been described above. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, in that devices and structures not described in detail are understood to be implemented in a manner common in the art; various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the claims without departing from the spirit of the invention, and without affecting the spirit of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for updating and upgrading Bootloader software by an automobile ECU controller is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: dividing the space of the MCU memory area;
s2: making a BootRom software program;
s3: making a Bootloader program;
s4: burning MIX flash files of a complete BootRom program and a Bootloader program into an ECU controller before sealing an ECU shell;
s5: reading software verification information, jumping to the application program APP if the application program APP is judged to be valid, and staying in a Bootloader program if the verification is invalid;
s6: printing the manufactured Bootloader program into an application program APP area through the Bootloader program, and writing a Bootloader request mark by finishing software verification and resetting BootRom jump starting address information;
s7: when the controller ECU program runs in the Bootloader APP, the Bootloader program can be updated, BootRom jump starting address information is reset after verification is completed, and a Bootloader request flag is cleared.
2. The method for updating and upgrading Bootloader software by an automobile ECU controller according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, before the controller writes the Bootloader through a debug port, in order to meet a requirement for implementing self-updating of a Bootloader program, a storage space of the ECU needs to be divided into a fixed Flash area, a Bootloader area, an APP application program software area and a user data storage area.
3. The method for updating and upgrading Bootloader software by the automobile ECU controller according to claim 2, wherein the fixed Flash area is located in a PFLASH space of the memory and comprises a BootRom program area and a reset interrupt vector, the BootRom program area is used for address protection independently, the code segment is located in a minimum erasing sector at the beginning of the PFLASH, the Bootloader area is located in the PFLASH space, the starting address is located at the beginning of the second sector address of the PFLASH, the APP application program software area is located in the PFLASH space and comprises application program codes and an application program interrupt vector table, the interrupt vector table needs to be isolated and protected from the application program, the address is located above the application program code segment, the user data storage area is located in the memory LASDFH or an external EEPROM memory space and comprises the application program and Bootloader valid check information, Bootloader update flag information, logistics data information, APP data parameter information, application program data information, BootRom jump address information, wherein the PFLASH refers to a program code storage area, and the DFLASH refers to a data storage area and is a section of address space for simulating EEPROM function storage by using PFLASH.
4. The method for updating and upgrading Bootloader software by the automobile ECU controller according to claim 1, wherein the Boot Rom program is used for judging whether the Boot program is complete and valid before loading the Bootloader program, running the Bootloader under the valid condition, and jumping to a running initial address corresponding to the application program if the application program is judged to be complete and valid, and running and loading the Bootloader APP program.
5. The method for updating and upgrading Bootloader software by the automobile ECU controller according to claim 4 is characterized in that a Bootloader request downloading flag bit stored in DFLASH is read in advance before a BootRom program is powered on and operated, BootRom jump address information is read if the flag bit is 1, and otherwise, the Bootloader code starting address is jumped to by default.
6. The method for updating and upgrading Bootloader software of the automobile ECU controller according to claim 1, wherein the MIX flash file is obtained by merging respective compiled executable binary files into one block.
7. The method for updating and upgrading the Bootloader software by the automobile ECU controller according to claim 1, wherein the step of reading the software verification information means that the valid and invalid marks of the application program APP are stored in a user storage space, and the step of preparing to write the Bootloader program comprises the step of adapting to a boot upper computer.
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| CN113380308B (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2023-10-27 | 力高(山东)新能源技术有限公司 | Data storage method for simulating EEPROM by using PFLASH software |
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| WO2023036302A1 (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2023-03-16 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | Method for flashing ecu mounted on vehicle, vehicle, and storage medium |
| CN113741940A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-03 | 天津易鼎丰动力科技有限公司 | Method for upgrading whole electric vehicle controller bootloader on line |
| CN113778061A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-10 | 广州锦红源电子科技有限公司 | Method and device for verifying program integrity of electronic controller and electronic controller |
| CN113760334A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-07 | 北京国家新能源汽车技术创新中心有限公司 | ECU program flashing method and device |
| CN114296819A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-08 | 上海易咖智车科技有限公司 | Program flashing method and device of vehicle body controller, computer equipment and medium |
| CN114880008A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-09 | 联陆智能交通科技(上海)有限公司 | Software upgrading method and system |
| CN114995863A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-09-02 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | Software reprogramming system and software reprogramming method based on reprogramming system |
| CN114995863B (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-11-11 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | Software reprogramming system and software reprogramming method based on reprogramming system |
| WO2024108456A1 (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2024-05-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | Controller upgrading method, and apparatus |
| CN117149478A (en) * | 2023-06-14 | 2023-12-01 | 杭州迪为科技有限公司 | Reset management method and device of automobile electronic controller and automobile electronic controller |
| CN117149478B (en) * | 2023-06-14 | 2024-06-04 | 杭州迪为科技有限公司 | Reset management method and device of automobile electronic controller and automobile electronic controller |
| CN116955016A (en) * | 2023-09-20 | 2023-10-27 | 安徽博微智能电气有限公司 | Automatic repairing system and method for automobile software defects |
| CN116955016B (en) * | 2023-09-20 | 2023-12-26 | 安徽博微智能电气有限公司 | Automatic repairing system and method for automobile software defects |
| CN117950904A (en) * | 2024-03-26 | 2024-04-30 | 博世汽车部件(苏州)有限公司 | Application refreshing detection method and software bottom layer starting management module |
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