CN1125049A - 烟参素植物杀虫剂的制备及使用法 - Google Patents

烟参素植物杀虫剂的制备及使用法 Download PDF

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CN1125049A
CN1125049A CN94119398A CN94119398A CN1125049A CN 1125049 A CN1125049 A CN 1125049A CN 94119398 A CN94119398 A CN 94119398A CN 94119398 A CN94119398 A CN 94119398A CN 1125049 A CN1125049 A CN 1125049A
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insecticide
tobacco leaf
stemona
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彭君
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明制备的一种新型杀虫剂是由烟叶、苦参、百部、皂角经提取加工而成的纯天然植物杀虫剂,它具有无毒、杀虫广谱等特点。可广泛应用于大田作物及田艺、果树等虫害,对预防病虫害效果最佳。

Description

烟参素植物杀虫剂的制备及使用法
本发明属于杀虫剂的制备及使用法,是涉及一种以,植物为原料的杀虫剂制备及使用法。
有极化学农药使用后的污染,破坏地球的环境,危急了人类,为了防治害虫,保护人类的健康。本发明的目的是,开发一种新型的植物杀虫剂。
本发明的有效成分是由烟叶、苦参、百部、皂角等几种植物的提取液组成。有效成分的重量比为4∶3∶2∶1,其中渗透剂占3-5%,助剂占5-10%,芳香剂占1-2%,乳剂型的乳化剂占3-5%,松节油占5-10%。
本发明的有效成分(水剂型)的提取及合成方法是:将烟叶、苦参、百部、皂角的粗粉单体分列加入浸渍器(该法是在室温下操作的)置在浸渍器中密盖,加入规定量的乙醇(70-90%)浸渍3-5日,使有效成充分浸出,滤过、极压残渣,收集压出液,与滤液合并,静止24小时滤过。把所得滤液按合成比例要求加入合成器中,再加入附助剂,渗透剂5%,助剂8%,芳香剂1%经充分混合后即得水剂型的烟参素植物杀虫剂。
本发明(乳剂型)烟参素植物杀虫剂的有效成分是水煎法提取。把烟叶、皂角及苦参和百部的片或寸段放入蒸煮池中蒸煮、蒸煮的时间为2-4小时,挤压药渣,合并药液静止24小时过滤,低温浓缩成浸膏(即每克药液相当于原药3克)把上述所得膏体,按合成比例加入合成器中,再加入辅助剂,渗透剂5%,助剂6%,乳化剂5%,松节油8%,加温50°-70℃搅拌(搅拌机的转数为1000-1200转/分)2-6小时,合成烟参素植物杀虫剂。
本杀虫剂的稀释剂是清水、用于植物杀虫时用喷雾法稀释倍数是500-800倍,用于予防时药剂的稀释倍数是800-1000倍。
本药剂经毒理学测定:小白鼠口服LD10000mg/kg,Amls试验阳性、慢性毒理实验表明无致癌、致器畸、致突变等现象,故对人畜无毒无害。
本药剂实用后经于实验表明杀虫效果良好。实施列1:(乳剂型)
烟叶:400g    渗透剂:50g
苦参:300g    助  剂:60g
百部:200g    乳化剂:50g
皂角:100g    松节油:80g
按前述乳剂的合成方法制成烟参素植物杀虫剂原液。实施例2:
取实施例1的原液1000毫升,配成500倍、1000倍、1500倍。设晶体、敌百虫1000倍为对比药剂。
(1)实施方法
在甘兰地进行试验,虫口密度4-6头/株龄期不整(2-3龄居多,占70%以上),末见蛹,设晶体敌百虫1000倍为对比药剂另设不喷药对照。
(2)实施结果                                                                                          1994年6月6日
   处 理              5点虫数及总虫数                      施药后18小时
死亡总数 活虫总数 生存率(%) 校正死亡率%
  烟参素500倍烟参素1000倍烟参素1500倍敌百虫1000倍对照 17    21    25    19    27    10922    24    25    19    20    11023    19    27    22    27    11812    18    28    21    20    9933    7     30    19    25    114 847975446 25314355108 22928236455594.7 75.870.161.641.4
田间试验经18小时调查,苦楝素500倍的校正死亡率75.8%1000倍为70.1%。1500倍为61.6%,试验发现对2-3龄幼虫很敏感,4-5龄虫体敏感性差,对白下夜蛾幼虫也有良好兼治效果,杀虫效果高于敌百虫,经实验表明,本杀虫剂效果高于化学农药,且无毒、无污染是一种很有发展前景的杀虫剂。
烟参素植物杀虫剂(水剂型)浸渍提取法及合成工艺流程1
本流程1-8步是单体提取
1、将单体药材的粗粉---→
2、加入浸渍器---→
3、加入溶媒乙醇(70°-95°%)---→
4、密盖浸渍器浸渍72小时---→
5、放出上清液---→
6、挤压药渣---→
7、合并浸液静止24小时过滤---→
8、按合成的比例要求将各需有
效成分放入合成器中混合搅拌---→
9、合成杀虫剂---→
10、装瓶保存。
烟参素植物杀虫剂(乳剂型)水煎提取法及合成工艺流  2
本流程1-10步为单体提取
1、选料(筛选切片或寸段的原料)---→
2、清洗---→
3、浸泡---→
4、蒸煮2-4小时---→
5、挤压药渣---→
6、合并药液---→
7、静止24小时---→
8、过滤---→
9、低温浓缩---→
10、流浸膏的标准---→
11、按杀虫剂合成的规定指标把各有效成分加入合成器
中加温50°-70℃,搅拌(1000-1200转/分2-4
小时)---→
12、合成杀虫剂---→
13、装瓶保存。

Claims (3)

1、一种杀虫剂,其特征在于有效成分由烟叶、苦参、百部皂角等几种植物的提取液组成。
水剂型的提取方法是用浸渍法、合成方法是混合搅拌法。乳剂型的提取方法是煎煮法,合成的方法是加温,高速搅拌法。
2、根据权力1要求所述的杀虫剂其特征在于有效成分的重量比为烟叶、苦参、百部、皂角=4∶3∶2∶1。
3、根据权力1所述的杀虫剂使用法其特征为杀虫的稀释倍数是500-800倍,用于予防时的稀释倍数是800-1000倍。
CN94119398A 1994-12-19 1994-12-19 烟参素植物杀虫剂的制备及使用法 Pending CN1125049A (zh)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1063021C (zh) * 1997-11-27 2001-03-14 辛贵有 百部碱醇溶液及其制备方法
CN1076589C (zh) * 1998-12-11 2001-12-26 杨金铎 灭杀小麦穗蚜虫和使小麦籽粒增重的药剂制备方法
CN104106603A (zh) * 2014-07-30 2014-10-22 山东省花生研究所 一种花生中药杀虫剂
CN104886177A (zh) * 2015-05-13 2015-09-09 钱玉梅 一种植物杀虫剂
CN106490039A (zh) * 2016-11-01 2017-03-15 南宁马瑞娜装饰工程有限公司 一种用于城市绿化的生物杀虫剂及其制备方法

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1063021C (zh) * 1997-11-27 2001-03-14 辛贵有 百部碱醇溶液及其制备方法
CN1076589C (zh) * 1998-12-11 2001-12-26 杨金铎 灭杀小麦穗蚜虫和使小麦籽粒增重的药剂制备方法
CN104106603A (zh) * 2014-07-30 2014-10-22 山东省花生研究所 一种花生中药杀虫剂
CN104886177A (zh) * 2015-05-13 2015-09-09 钱玉梅 一种植物杀虫剂
CN106490039A (zh) * 2016-11-01 2017-03-15 南宁马瑞娜装饰工程有限公司 一种用于城市绿化的生物杀虫剂及其制备方法

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