CN112504878A - Low-temperature-seepage coupling dynamic impact compression experimental device for frozen rock-soil body - Google Patents
Low-temperature-seepage coupling dynamic impact compression experimental device for frozen rock-soil body Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 186
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 152
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 149
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 93
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 138
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009746 freeze damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/307—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by a compressed or tensile-stressed spring; generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
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- G01N2203/0044—Pneumatic means
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
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Abstract
A low-temperature-seepage coupling dynamic impact compression experimental device for frozen rock-soil bodies achieves dynamic impact compression mechanical experiments on various freezing injury characteristics of the frozen rock-soil bodies in different low-temperature field and seepage field coupling environments. The device comprises a rock-soil body sample, a bracket system, a freezing system, a hydraulic load and storage system, a dynamic impact system and a comprehensive control system; the support system comprises an L-shaped ring type flange, a load protection sleeve, a fastening bolt, a stabilizing support, a horizontal fixing frame and a foundation, wherein the L-shaped ring type flange is connected with the load protection sleeve, and the bottom of the load protection sleeve is welded with the horizontal fixing frame; the horizontal fixing frame is in threaded connection with the foundation; the freezing system comprises a ring freezing system, a liquid nitrogen pipeline system, liquid nitrogen, a liquid storage nitrogen tank and a liquid nitrogen flow pressure system; the ring type freezing system is of a hollow cylindrical structure; the rock-soil mass sample is arranged in the center of the inner part of the ring type freezing cavity system and is in a cylinder shape.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of dynamic impact compression of frozen rock-soil bodies.
Background
The freezing damage caused by the low-temperature freezing of the rock-soil body not only relates to the freezing expansion damage of the rock-soil body, but also relates to multi-field coupling of a temperature field and a seepage field in a low-temperature environment, and seriously threatens the safety and stability of artificial freezing engineering and rock-soil body engineering in cold regions. Especially, the artificial freezing method is widely applied to the construction of subway communication channels, and the low-temperature-seepage coupling characteristic of rock-soil mass, the freezing temperature, the freezing thickness, the frost heaving pressure, engineering disturbance and the like are important preconditions for ensuring the safety of construction engineering. In the process of artificial freezing, when fracture water exists in a rock-soil body, a seepage field is formed, in the process of low-temperature freezing, various mineral particles are caused to change phase along with the change of water temperature, a frost heaving and melt shrinkage effect is generated to form a low-temperature field, when the fracture water is frozen, volume expansion is caused, frost heaving stress is generated to cause frost heaving and cracking of the rock-soil body, and the underground structure is damaged in different degrees, so that the low-temperature field and the seepage field are necessary conditions for artificial freezing, and the key technology is to reduce the temperature of the natural rock-soil body to form a high-strength and watertight freezing curtain. In the actual excavation environment of the artificial freezing rock-soil body engineering, the environment fields are both temperature fields and seepage field multi-field coupling effects, and are also dynamic impact disturbance action processes, for example, the subway communication channel freezing construction process is affected by dynamic load disturbance such as ground construction load, vehicle load, artificial excavation load and the like, but the existing research mainly develops static indoor single-axis and three-axis tests, numerical simulation tests, physical simulation tests and the like under the action of a single low-temperature field and a seepage field, cannot truly reflect the dynamic mechanical characteristics of the rock-soil body in the existence environment, does not systematically develop indoor experimental research on the dynamic impact compression characteristics of the freezing rock-soil body under the coupling effect of the low-temperature field and the seepage field, and also does not develop a freezing dynamic impact experimental device for the low-temperature field and seepage field multi-field coupling. Therefore, the developed low-temperature-seepage coupling dynamic impact compression experimental device and method for the frozen rock-soil body have theoretical basis for accurately mastering the dynamic impact physical and mechanical characteristics of the frozen rock-soil body and analyzing the freezing damage deformation and damage rule of the artificial freezing and cold region rock-soil body, provide data support for the safety and stability design, construction and operation of various artificial freezing projects and cold region projects which are built, established and proposed, and have positive significance for preventing and treating serious accidents such as water inrush, mud inrush, collapse, large deformation and the like caused by the dynamic impact of the artificial freezing projects and the cold region projects.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the application is to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provide a low-temperature-seepage coupling dynamic impact compression experimental device for freezing rock and soil mass, which has the characteristics of low-temperature field and seepage field multi-field coupling, and can simultaneously apply axial pressure-water pressure and temperature pressure with different sizes and perform multi-field freezing dynamic mechanical property experiment under the action of different impact disturbance loads.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical solutions:
a low-temperature-seepage coupling dynamic impact compression experimental device for frozen rock-soil bodies achieves dynamic impact compression mechanical experiments on various freezing injury characteristics of the frozen rock-soil bodies in different low-temperature field and seepage field coupling environments. The device comprises a rock-soil body sample 3, a bracket system, a freezing system, a hydraulic load and storage system, a dynamic impact system and a comprehensive control system 24;
wherein:
the support system, including L type ring flange 25, load protective sheath 26, fastening bolt 27, firm support 28, horizontal fixing frame 29, ground 30, wherein: the L-shaped ring flange 25 is connected with the load protection sleeve 26 through a fastening bolt 27, and the bottom of the load protection sleeve 26 is connected with a horizontal fixing frame 29 in a welding mode; the bottom of the stabilizing support 28 is welded with the horizontal fixing frame 29, and the horizontal fixing frame 29 is in threaded connection with the foundation 30, so that the stability of the whole experimental device during dynamic impact is ensured;
the refrigeration system comprisesA ring type freezing system 4, a liquid nitrogen pipeline system 5,Liquid nitrogen 6, liquid nitrogen storage tank 7,Liquid nitrogen flow pressure A force system 8;
ring type freezing system 4The freezing chamber is a hollow cylindrical structure and comprises a first annular freezing chamber 401, a second annular freezing chamber 402 and a freezing prepared hole 403; the first annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402 are arranged inside the load protection sleeve 26; freezing prepared holes 403 are formed in the centers of the upper ends of the first annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402, and the bottoms of the lower ends of the first annular freezing cavity and the second annular freezing cavity are communicated through the freezing prepared holes 403;
the rock-soil mass sample 3 is arranged in the center of the inner part of the ring type freezing cavity system 4 and is in a cylinder shape;
liquid nitrogen pipeline system 5Comprises a liquid inlet hole 501, a liquid outlet hole 502 and a liquid guide hole 503; the liquid inlet hole 501 and the liquid outlet hole 502 are both arranged in the middle of the load protection sleeve 26, the bottoms of the liquid inlet hole 501 and the liquid outlet hole 502 are respectively communicated with the first annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402 through the freezing prepared hole 403, the upper end of the liquid inlet hole 501 is connected with the liquid nitrogen pressurization controller 801 in the liquid nitrogen flow pressure system 8 through the low temperature and high pressure resistant hose 22, and the upper end of the liquid outlet hole 502 is connected with the low temperature and high pressure resistant hose 22;
liquid nitrogen flow pressure system 8The device comprises a liquid nitrogen pressurization controller 801 and a liquid nitrogen flow controller 802, and is used for pressurizing liquid nitrogen, controlling the flow of the liquid nitrogen and providing a proper temperature environment for a low-temperature field; one end of the liquid nitrogen flow controller 802 is connected with the liquid nitrogen pressurization controller 801, and the other end is connected with the liquid storage tank 7Connecting; controlling the flow of the released liquid nitrogen 6 in the liquid storage tank 7 by controlling a liquid nitrogen flow controller 802, and pressurizing the liquid nitrogen 6 by a liquid nitrogen pressurization controller 801 to enable the liquid nitrogen 6 to be injected into the first annular freezing cavity 401 through a liquid inlet hole 501, so that the liquid nitrogen 6 is filled in the whole space of the first annular freezing cavity, then flows into the second annular freezing cavity 402 through a liquid guide hole 503 which is pre-arranged at the centers of the bottom ends of the first annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402 to enable the liquid nitrogen 6 to be filled in the space of the second annular freezing cavity 402, and finally releases the gasified low-temperature nitrogen to the outside through a liquid outlet hole 502, so that the liquid nitrogen low-temperature field energy filled in the first annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402 is transmitted to the rock and soil around the rock soil body sample 3 to enable the rock soil body sample 3 to be frozen;
hydraulic loading and storage system, including storage system 9, water channel system 10, wherein:
water channel system 10Comprises a water inlet hole 1001, a water outlet hole 1002 and a pneumatic water pressure pressurizing pool 1003; the water inlet hole 1001 and the water outlet hole 1002 are respectively arranged on the right side and the left side of the liquid inlet hole 501 and the liquid outlet hole 502; the outer ends of the water inlet hole 1001 and the water outlet hole 1002 are connected with a pneumatic water pressure pressurizing pool 1003;
storage system 9The device comprises a first hydraulic storage hole 901, a second hydraulic storage hole 902, a first water flow input groove 903, a second water flow input groove 904, a middle shaft radial water flow input groove 905, a middle shaft axial water flow input groove 906, a water jet hole 907, a water diversion preformed hole 908 and purified water 909; the first hydraulic storage hole 901 and the second hydraulic storage hole 902 are distributed in the load protection sleeve 26 and are positioned on the left side and the right side of the first annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402; the first water flow input groove 903 and the second water flow input groove 904 are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the inner walls of the first hydraulic storage hole 901 and the second hydraulic storage hole 902, and the center of the bottoms of the inner walls is provided with a water jet hole 907; the middle shaft radial water flow input groove 905 is arranged at the bottom ends of the centers of the first annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402 and is of a longitudinally arranged annular structure; the axial water flow input slot 906 of the middle shaft is frozen along a first circular ringThe cavities 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402 are axially arranged in a linear structure, are symmetrically arranged and are perpendicular to the central axis radial water flow input groove 905; the water diversion preformed holes 908 are arranged at the upper ends of the outer walls of the first hydraulic storage hole 901 and the second hydraulic storage hole 902, and the difference is that the water diversion preformed holes 908 are positioned at the outer sides of the hydraulic storage holes; the water diversion preformed hole 908 is used for being communicated with the corresponding water inlet hole 1001 and the corresponding water outlet hole 1002;
the dynamic impact system comprises a dynamic impact incident rod 1 and a dynamic impact transmission rod 2;
the left longitudinal section of the rock-soil body sample 3 is in contact connection with the right longitudinal section full section of the dynamic impact incident rod 1, and the right longitudinal section of the rock-soil body sample 3 is in contact connection with the left longitudinal section full section of the dynamic impact transmission rod 2; the position of the dynamic impact incident rod 1 is fixed and the left side of the dynamic impact incident rod is in contact connection with the full section of the dynamic impact bullet 15.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the device has the characteristics of coupling the low-temperature field and the multi-field physical process of the seepage field to carry out the dynamic impact compression mechanical experiment of the frozen rock and soil mass. The device injects pressurized purified water into a first hydraulic storage hole through a water inlet hole, then flows into a first water flow input groove through a water jet hole, and then sequentially inputs the pressurized purified water into a middle shaft longitudinal water flow input groove and a second water flow input groove through a middle shaft axial water flow input groove, so that the pressurized purified water is filled in the whole rock-soil body sample, and finally the pressurized purified water in the second water flow input groove enters a second hydraulic storage hole through the water jet hole, and is output through a water outlet hole to form a circulating flow type seepage field; injecting liquid nitrogen into a first annular freezing cavity in an annular freezing cavity system through a liquid inlet hole in a liquid nitrogen circulating system, then flowing into a second annular freezing cavity through a liquid guide hole, and finally releasing gasified low-temperature nitrogen to the outside through a liquid outlet hole, so that the energy of the liquid nitrogen is transmitted to a rock-soil body sample through the annular freezing cavity to form a low-temperature freezing field; the dynamic impact compression mechanical property experiment of the frozen rock-soil body is carried out under the coupling action of the low-temperature field and the seepage field, and the dynamic impact compression damage mechanical property of the frozen rock-soil body in any occurrence environment from a shallow part to a deep part can be accurately simulated.
2. The device has the rule that frozen rock-soil bodies cause freeze injury and crack under the disturbance environment of any buried depth engineering can be accurately simulated. The device applies different axial pressures, low-temperature pressures and water pressures to simulate different burial depth environments such as a low-temperature field-seepage field physical process and a seepage field-stress field physical process through the axial pressure controller, the temperature pressure controller and the water pressure controller, and simulates different engineering dynamic disturbance loads through the bullet impact controller, so that the physical and mechanical properties, deformation and fracture rules of the frozen rock and earth mass under any burial depth environment of the underground engineering can be accurately mastered.
3. The device has the characteristics of reliable axial pressure, low-temperature warm pressure and water pressure performance, vivid and reliable simulated occurrence environment, capability of developing rock and soil body frost heaving dynamic impact mechanics experiments of different occurrence freezing environments from deep to shallow, accurate experimental data, low cost and simple operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front sectional view of a low temperature-seepage coupling dynamic impact compression experimental device for freezing rock-soil mass.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of fig. 1 rotated 90 °.
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of C-C in fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line D-D in fig. 1.
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line E-E in FIG. 1.
Fig. 8 is a schematic sectional view taken along line F-F in fig. 1.
Fig. 9 is a schematic sectional view taken along line G-G in fig. 1.
FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view taken along line H-H in FIG. 1.
Digital tag annotation:
1 is a dynamic impact incident rod, 2 is a dynamic impact transmission rod, and 3 is a rock-soil body sample; 6 is liquid nitrogen;
4 is aThe ring type freezing system (with liquid nitrogen 6 inside), 401 is a first ring type freezing cavity, 402 is a second ring type freezing
A knot cavity 403 is a freezing reserved hole;
5 is a liquid nitrogen pipeline system, 501 is a liquid inlet hole, 502 is a liquid outlet hole, 503 is a liquid guide hole; 7 is a liquid storage tank and 8 is a flow
A pressurization control system, 801 a liquid nitrogen pressurization controller and 802 a liquid nitrogen flow controller;
the liquid guide hole 503 is used for communicating the first annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402;
9 is a hydraulic load storage system;
11 is a ring type thermocouple, 12 is a temperature measuring hole;
13 is a leak-proof sealing system, 1301 is a first leak-proof sealing hole, 1302 is a second leak-proof sealing hole, 1303 is an inverted Y-shaped sealing ring;
14 is a hydraulic axial compression expansion piece, 15 is a power impact bullet, 16 is a bullet protection cylinder, 17 is a control ball valve, and 18 is a dynamic impact gas storage tank;
19 is an air compression device, 20 is a hydraulic axial pressure boosting device, 21 is a strain gauge, 22 is a low-temperature and high-pressure resistant hose, 23 is a multi-core conducting wire, 24 is a hot hydraulic load integrated controller, 2401 is a bullet impact controller, 2402 is an axial pressure controller, 2403 is a temperature measurement controller, 2404 is a temperature monitoring display screen, 2405 is an ultra-dynamic monitor, 2406 is a water pressure controller;
25 is an L-shaped ring flange, 26 is a load protection sleeve, 27 is a fastening bolt, 28 is a stable bracket, 29 is a horizontal fixing frame, and 30 is a foundation.
Detailed Description
The present application will be further described with reference to the following examples shown in the drawings.
Examples
The principle of the design and implementation of the invention is as follows:
generally, firstly, a seepage field is constructed, then a low-temperature field is constructed, and finally, a dynamic impact compression experiment of the frozen rock-soil body under the coupling of the seepage field and the low-temperature field is carried out. The method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, constructing a seepage field: by passingHydraulic loading and storage systemThe water inlet hole 1001 in the hydraulic load storage system 9 injects pressurized purified water 909 into a first hydraulic storage hole 901 in the hydraulic load storage system 9, then the pressurized purified water 909 flows into a first water flow input groove 903 through a water jet hole 907, and then the pressurized purified water is sequentially input into a middle shaft longitudinal water flow input groove 905 and a second water flow input groove 904 through a middle shaft axial water flow input groove 906, so that the pressurized purified water 909 is full of the whole rock-soil body sample 3, finally the pressurized purified water in the second water flow input groove 904 enters a second hydraulic storage hole 902 through the water jet hole 907, and then the pressurized purified water is output through a water outlet hole 1002 to form a circulationFlow type seepage field。
Secondly, constructing a low-temperature field: the rock-soil body sample 3 is wrapped at the inner wall of the annular freezing cavity system 4 in a full-angle mode, liquid nitrogen 6 is injected into a first annular freezing cavity 401 in the annular freezing cavity system 4 through a liquid inlet hole 501 in a liquid nitrogen circulating system 5, then the liquid nitrogen flows into a second annular freezing cavity 402 through a liquid guide hole 503, and finally gasified low-temperature nitrogen is released to the outside through a liquid outlet hole 502, so that the energy of the liquid nitrogen 6 is transmitted to the rock-soil body sample 3 through the annular freezing cavity to form the rock-soil body sampleFreezing at low temperature Field(s)。
Thirdly, after the low-temperature field and the seepage field are constructed, placing the rock-soil body sample 3 in the annular freezing cavity system 4, sequentially applying the seepage field and the low-temperature field to form a multi-field coupling occurrence environment of the low-temperature field and the seepage field, finally applying dynamic impact force with different speeds by using the dynamic impact bullet 15 to impact the dynamic impact incident rod 1, transmitting the dynamic impact incident wave formed by the impact of the dynamic impact bullet 15 to one side end face of the rock-soil body sample 3 in the low-temperature-seepage coupling environment by the dynamic impact incident rod 1, and instantaneously penetrating the whole rock-soil body sample 3, so as to transmit the dynamic impact incident wave to the dynamic impact rod 2 which is tightly contacted with the other side end face of the rock-soil body sample 3 for transmission and dissipation; and simultaneously, strain gauges arranged on two sides of the dynamic impact incident rod 1 and the dynamic impact transmission rod 2 are used for monitoring the dynamic impact damage characteristic of the frozen rock-soil body sample 3 in the low-temperature-seepage coupling environment.
As an example, as shown in fig. 1 to 10, a low temperature-seepage coupling dynamic impact compression experimental apparatus for freezing rock-soil mass has the following general components: the device comprises a dynamic impact incident rod 1, a dynamic impact transmission rod 2, a rock-soil body sample 3, an annular freezing cavity system 4, a liquid nitrogen circulating system 5, liquid nitrogen 6, a liquid storage tank 7, a flow pressurization control system 8, a hydraulic load storage system 9, a water circulating system 10, an annular thermocouple 11, a temperature measuring hole 12, a leakage-proof sealing system 13, a hydraulic axial compression expansion piece 14, a power impact bullet 15, a bullet protection cylinder 16, a control ball valve 17, a dynamic impact gas storage tank 18, an air compression device 19, a hydraulic axial compression pressurization device 20, a strain gauge 21, a low-temperature and high-pressure resistant hose 22, a multi-core conducting wire 23, a hot water load integrated controller 24, an L-shaped annular flange 25, a load protection sleeve 26, a fastening bolt 27, a stabilizing support 28, a horizontal fixing frame 29 and a foundation 30.
A low-temperature-seepage coupling dynamic impact compression experimental device for freezing rock-soil mass comprises a rock-soil mass sample 3, a bracket system, a freezing system, a hydraulic load and storage system, a dynamic impact system and a comprehensive control system 24;
wherein:
the support system, including L type ring flange 25, load protective sheath 26, fastening bolt 27, firm support 28, horizontal fixing frame 29, ground 30, wherein: the L-shaped ring flange 25 and the load protection sleeve 26 are connected through fastening bolts 27, 9 fastening bolts 27 are arranged, and different numbers of fastening bolts can be designed according to the inner diameter of the L-shaped ring flange 25; the bottom of the load protection sleeve 26 is welded with a horizontal fixing frame 29. The bottom of the stabilizing support 28 is connected with a horizontal fixing frame 29 in a welding mode, and the horizontal fixing frame 29 is connected with a foundation 30 in a threaded mode, so that the stability of the whole experimental device during dynamic impact is guaranteed.
A refrigeration system comprisingA ring type freezing system 4, a liquid nitrogen pipeline system 5, Liquid nitrogen 6, liquid nitrogen storage tank 7,Liquid nitrogen flow pressure A force system 8;
ring type freezing system 4Is a hollow cylindrical structure made of carbon steel and comprises a first annular freezing cavity 401 and a second annular freezing cavity 402Freezing the prepared hole 403; the first annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402 are arranged inside the load protection sleeve 26; freezing prepared holes 403 are formed in the centers of the upper ends of the first annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402, and the bottoms of the lower ends of the first annular freezing cavity and the second annular freezing cavity are connected and communicated through the freezing prepared holes 403. The rock-soil mass sample 3 is arranged in the center of the inner part of the ring type freezing cavity system 4, is cylindrical, has the outer diameter of 100mm and the height of 50 mm.
Liquid nitrogen pipeline system 5Comprises a liquid inlet hole 501, a liquid outlet hole 502 and a liquid guide hole 503; the liquid inlet hole 501 and the liquid outlet hole 502 are both arranged in the middle of the load protection sleeve 26, the bottoms of the liquid inlet hole 501 and the liquid outlet hole 502 are respectively communicated with the first annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402 through the freezing prepared hole 403, the upper end of the liquid inlet hole 501 is connected with the liquid nitrogen pressurization controller 801 in the liquid nitrogen flow pressure system 8 through the low temperature and high pressure resistant hose 22, the upper end of the liquid outlet hole 502 is connected with the low temperature and high pressure resistant hose 22, the low temperature and high pressure resistant hose 22 connected with the liquid outlet hole 502 must extend to an outdoor safety zone, and the liquid nitrogen protection sleeve has the function of discharging gasified nitrogen.
Liquid nitrogen flow pressure system 8The device comprises a liquid nitrogen pressurization controller 801 and a liquid nitrogen flow controller 802, and the liquid nitrogen pressurization controller 801 and the liquid nitrogen flow controller 802 are used for pressurizing liquid nitrogen and controlling the flow of liquid nitrogen, and provide a suitable temperature environment for a low-temperature field. One end of the liquid nitrogen flow controller 802 is connected with the liquid nitrogen pressurization controller 801 through a low temperature and high pressure resistant hose 22, and the other end is connected with the liquid storage tank 7 through a low temperature and high pressure resistant hose 22; the flow of liquid nitrogen 6 released in the liquid storage tank 7 is controlled by controlling a liquid nitrogen flow controller 802, and then the liquid nitrogen 6 is pressurized by a liquid nitrogen pressurization controller 801, so that the liquid nitrogen 6 is injected into a first annular freezing cavity 401 through a liquid inlet hole 501, the liquid nitrogen 6 is filled in the whole space of the first annular freezing cavity, then flows into a second annular freezing cavity 402 through a liquid guide hole 503 which is pre-arranged at the centers of the bottom ends of the first annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402, the liquid nitrogen 6 is filled in the space of the second annular freezing cavity 402, and finally the gasified low-temperature nitrogen is released to the outside through a liquid outlet hole 502, so that the first annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 401 are frozen and the second annular freezing cavity is frozenThe energy of the liquid nitrogen low-temperature field filled in the cavity 402 is transmitted to the periphery of the rock-soil body sample 3, so that the rock-soil body sample 3 is frozen.
Hydraulic loading and storage system, including storage system 9, water channel system 10, wherein:
water channel system 10Comprises a water inlet hole 1001, a water outlet hole 1002 and a pneumatic water pressure pressurizing pool 1003; the water inlet hole 1001 and the water outlet hole 1002 are respectively arranged on the right side and the left side of the liquid inlet hole 501 and the liquid outlet hole 502; the outer ends of the water inlet hole 1001 and the water outlet hole 1002 are connected with a pneumatic water pressure pressurizing pool 1003 through a low-temperature and high-pressure resistant hose 22;
storage system 9The water flow control device comprises a first hydraulic storage hole 901, a second hydraulic storage hole 902, a first water flow input groove 903, a second water flow input groove 904, a middle shaft radial water flow input groove 905, a middle shaft axial water flow input groove 906, a water jet hole 907, a water diversion preformed hole 908, purified water 909 and a temperature control preformed hole 910; the first hydraulic storage hole 901 and the second hydraulic storage hole 902 are distributed in the load protection sleeve 26 and are positioned on the left side and the right side of the first annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402; the first water flow input groove 903 and the second water flow input groove 904 are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the inner walls of the first hydraulic storage hole 901 and the second hydraulic storage hole 902, and the centers of the bottoms of the inner walls are provided with water jet holes 907 which are 4 in total; the middle shaft radial water flow input groove 905 is arranged at the bottom ends of the centers of the first annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402 and is of a longitudinally arranged annular structure; the middle shaft axial water flow input groove 906 is a linear structure which is arranged along the axial direction of the first annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402, is symmetrically arranged and is perpendicular to the middle shaft radial water flow input groove 905; the water diversion preformed holes 908 and the temperature control preformed holes 910 are arranged at the upper ends of the outer walls of the first hydraulic storage hole 901 and the second hydraulic storage hole 902, and the difference is that the water diversion preformed holes 908 are positioned at the outer side of the hydraulic storage holes, and the temperature control preformed holes 910 are positioned at the inner side; the water diversion preformed hole 908 is used for being communicated with the corresponding water inlet hole 1001 and the corresponding water outlet hole 1002; the temperature control prepared hole 910 is used to communicate with the temperature measuring hole 12.
The dynamic impact system is a mature device in the field, and generally comprises a dynamic impact incident rod 1, a dynamic impact transmission rod 2, a hydraulic axial compression expansion piece 14, a dynamic impact bullet 15, a bullet protection cylinder 16, a control ball valve 17, a dynamic impact air storage tank 18, an air compression device 19 and a hydraulic axial compression supercharging device 20;
the left longitudinal section of the rock-soil body sample 3 is in contact connection with the right longitudinal section full section of the dynamic impact incident rod 1, and the right longitudinal section of the rock-soil body sample 3 is in contact connection with the left longitudinal section full section of the dynamic impact transmission rod 2; the position of the dynamic impact incident rod 1 is fixed, and the left side of the dynamic impact incident rod is in contact connection with the full section of the dynamic impact bullet 15;
the power impact bullet 15 is arranged inside the bullet protection barrel 16, and the outer diameter of the power impact bullet is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the bullet protection barrel 16; the outer diameter of the power impact bullet 15 is 100mm, and the length can be set to different specifications such as 200mm, 300mm, 400mm, 600mm, 800mm and the like according to the speed of power impact so as to simulate different impact energy;
the right center of the bullet protection cylinder 16 is provided with a control ball valve 17, the left side of the control ball valve 17 is connected with a dynamic impact air storage tank 18 through a low-temperature and high-pressure resistant hose 22, and the dynamic impact air storage tank 18 is connected with an air compression device 19 through a multi-core conducting wire 23.
The air compressor 19 is controlled to provide a pressurized air source into the dynamic impact air storage tank 18, the pressurized air source inside the dynamic impact air storage tank 18 is rapidly shot into the dynamic impact bullet 15 in the bullet protection barrel 16 through the control ball valve 17, and then the dynamic impact bullet 15 is driven to impact the dynamic impact incident rod 1 at a high speed to generate dynamic impact energy so as to simulate engineering disturbance outside the environment where the rock-soil mass 3 exists.
The dynamic impact incident rod 1, the dynamic impact transmission rod 2 and the bullet protection barrel 16 are all fixed through the stabilizing support 28, and different support numbers can be designed for the stabilizing support 28 according to the lengths of the dynamic impact incident rod 1, the dynamic impact transmission rod 2 and the bullet protection barrel 16.
The dynamic impact incident rod 1 and the dynamic impact transmission rod 2 both have the diameter of 100mm, the total length of not less than 12m, the shape of a cylinder and the material of carbon steel.
Integrated control system 24Comprises a water pressure controller 2406, a temperature measuring controller 2403, a temperature monitoring display screen 2404, a bullet impact controller 2401, a shaft pressure controller 2402 and an ultra-dynamic monitor 2405.
The hydraulic controller 2406 and the pneumatic hydraulic pressurizing pool 1003 are connected with the controller to work; the pneumatic water pressure pressurizing pool 1003 is controlled to enable pressurized purified water 909 to be injected into the first hydraulic storage hole 901 through the water inlet hole 1001, then the pressurized purified water 909 flows into the first water flow input groove 903 through the water jet hole 907, then the pressurized purified water is sequentially input into the middle shaft longitudinal water flow input groove 905 and the second water flow input groove 904 through the middle shaft axial water flow input groove 906, the pressurized purified water 909 is enabled to fill the whole rock-soil body sample 3, finally the pressurized purified water in the second water flow input groove 904 enters the second hydraulic storage hole 902 through the water jet hole 907, and then the pressurized purified water is output through the water outlet hole 1002 to form a circulating flowing type seepage field.
The temperature measurement controller 2403 is used for connecting with the ring type thermocouple 11 for collectionHydraulic loading and storage system And a refrigeration systemInternal temperature data, wherein:
the ring type thermocouples 11 are respectively arranged at the left and right sides of the first hydraulic storage hole 901 and the second hydraulic storage hole 902, are in a ring type structure, are totally 2, and are connected at the upper ends thereof with the multi-core conductive wire 23 and connected with the temperature measurement controller 2403 arranged on the ground through the temperature measurement holes 12. The temperature measuring holes 12 are distributed in the middle of the load protection sleeve 26, and are 2 in number and are respectively positioned on the left side and the right side of the water inlet hole 1001 and the water outlet hole 1002; the function of the thermocouple is to provide a passage for the connection of the multi-core conductive wire 23 and the ring type thermocouple 11.
The annular thermocouple 11 receives the freezing temperature transmitted to the rock and soil mass sample 3 by the annular freezing cavity, so that the measured temperature is input to the temperature monitoring display screen 2404 in real time for displaying, and the freezing effect of the liquid nitrogen 6 with different flow rates on the rock and soil mass sample 3 can be conveniently mastered in real time.
The bullet impact controller 2401 is connected to the air compression device 19 for firing the bullet with the controlled dynamic impact system.
The hydraulic axial pressure booster 20 is controlled to be boosted by the axial pressure controller 2402, the hydraulic axial pressure expansion piece 14 is driven to extend to push the dynamic impact transmission rod 2 to move towards the left side along the axial direction, so that the left side section of the dynamic impact transmission rod 2 is in close contact with and is compressed against the right side section full section of the rock-soil body sample 3, the position of the dynamic impact incident rod 1 is fixed, the dynamic impact transmission rod 2 generates axial pressure under the continuous pushing of the hydraulic axial pressure expansion piece 14, and the dynamic impact incident rod 1 and the rock-soil body sample 3 are compressed together from the left end and the right end to form axial pressure so as to simulate a stress field environment. The right end of the dynamic impact transmission rod 2 is in flange connection with the hydraulic type axial compression expansion piece 14, the right end of the hydraulic type axial compression expansion piece 14 is connected with the hydraulic type axial compression supercharging device 20 through a low temperature and high pressure resistant hose 22, and the hydraulic type axial compression supercharging device 20 is connected with the axial compression controller 2402.
The ultra-dynamic monitor 2405 is connected with the strain gauge 21, and the dynamic impact stress and strain of the frozen rock and soil mass sample 3 in the low-temperature-leakage coupling environment can be monitored in real time through the ultra-dynamic monitor 2405. The strain gauges 21 are symmetrically arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the dynamic impact incident rod 1 and the dynamic impact transmission rod 2 respectively and are connected in an adhering mode, and the dynamic impact incident rod 1 and the dynamic impact transmission rod 2 are respectively provided with 2 strain gauges, namely 4 strain gauges.
The present invention also includes a leak-proof sealing system 13, which includes a first leak-proof sealing hole 1301, a second leak-proof sealing hole 1302, an inverted Y-shaped sealing ring 1303; the first leakage-proof sealing hole 1301 is arranged at the upper end of the inner wall of the L-shaped ring flange 25, and the second leakage-proof sealing hole 1302 is arranged at the lower end of the inner wall of the load protection sleeve 26 and is longitudinally and annularly arranged; the inverted Y-shaped sealing rings 1303 are disposed inside the first and second leak-proof sealing holes 1301, 1302, and are made of high-temperature and high-pressure resistant rubber, and are used for preventing leakage of the pressurized purified water 909 around the rock-soil mass sample 3.
Claims (1)
1. A low-temperature-seepage coupling dynamic impact compression experimental device for frozen rock-soil mass is characterized in that dynamic impact compression mechanical experiments on various freezing injury characteristics of the frozen rock-soil mass under different low-temperature field and seepage field coupling environments are realized;
the device comprises a rock-soil body sample 3, a bracket system, a freezing system, a hydraulic load and storage system, a dynamic impact system and a comprehensive control system 24;
wherein:
the support system, including L type ring flange 25, load protective sheath 26, fastening bolt 27, firm support 28, horizontal fixing frame 29, ground 30, wherein: the L-shaped ring flange 25 is connected with the load protection sleeve 26 through a fastening bolt 27, and the bottom of the load protection sleeve 26 is connected with a horizontal fixing frame 29 in a welding mode; the bottom of the stabilizing support 28 is welded with the horizontal fixing frame 29, and the horizontal fixing frame 29 is in threaded connection with the foundation 30, so that the stability of the whole experimental device during dynamic impact is ensured;
the refrigeration system comprisesA ring type freezing system 4, a liquid nitrogen pipeline system 5,Liquid nitrogen 6, liquid nitrogen storage tank 7,Liquid nitrogen flow pressure system A system 8;
ring type freezing system 4The freezing chamber is a hollow cylindrical structure and comprises a first annular freezing chamber 401, a second annular freezing chamber 402 and a freezing prepared hole 403; the first annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402 are arranged inside the load protection sleeve 26; freezing prepared holes 403 are formed in the centers of the upper ends of the first annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402, and the bottoms of the lower ends of the first annular freezing cavity and the second annular freezing cavity are communicated through the freezing prepared holes 403;
the rock-soil mass sample 3 is arranged in the center of the inner part of the ring type freezing cavity system 4 and is in a cylinder shape;
liquid nitrogen pipeline system 5Comprises a liquid inlet hole 501, a liquid outlet hole 502 and a liquid guide hole 503; the liquid inlet hole 501 and the liquid outlet hole 502 are both arranged in the middle of the load protection sleeve 26, the bottoms of the liquid inlet hole 501 and the liquid outlet hole 502 are respectively communicated with the first annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402 through the freezing prepared hole 403, the upper end of the liquid inlet hole 501 is connected with the liquid nitrogen pressurization controller 801 in the liquid nitrogen flow pressure system 8 through the low temperature and high pressure resistant hose 22, and the upper end of the liquid outlet hole 502 is connected with the low temperature and high pressure resistant hose 22;
liquid nitrogen flow pressure system 8Comprises a liquid nitrogen pressurization controller 801 and a liquid nitrogen flow controller 802, which are used for pressurizing liquid nitrogen and controlling the liquid nitrogenThe flow rate of (a) provides a suitable temperature environment for the low temperature field; one end of the liquid nitrogen flow controller 802 is connected with the liquid nitrogen pressurization controller 801, and the other end is connected with the liquid storage tank 7; controlling the flow of the released liquid nitrogen 6 in the liquid storage tank 7 by controlling a liquid nitrogen flow controller 802, and pressurizing the liquid nitrogen 6 by a liquid nitrogen pressurization controller 801 to enable the liquid nitrogen 6 to be injected into the first annular freezing cavity 401 through a liquid inlet hole 501, so that the liquid nitrogen 6 is filled in the whole space of the first annular freezing cavity, then flows into the second annular freezing cavity 402 through a liquid guide hole 503 which is pre-arranged at the centers of the bottom ends of the first annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402 to enable the liquid nitrogen 6 to be filled in the space of the second annular freezing cavity 402, and finally releases the gasified low-temperature nitrogen to the outside through a liquid outlet hole 502, so that the liquid nitrogen low-temperature field energy filled in the first annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402 is transmitted to the rock and soil around the rock soil body sample 3 to enable the rock soil body sample 3 to be frozen;
hydraulic loading and storage system, including storage system 9, water channel system 10, wherein:
water channel system 10Comprises a water inlet hole 1001, a water outlet hole 1002 and a pneumatic water pressure pressurizing pool 1003; the water inlet hole 1001 and the water outlet hole 1002 are respectively arranged on the right side and the left side of the liquid inlet hole 501 and the liquid outlet hole 502; the outer ends of the water inlet hole 1001 and the water outlet hole 1002 are connected with a pneumatic water pressure pressurizing pool 1003;
storage system 9The device comprises a first hydraulic storage hole 901, a second hydraulic storage hole 902, a first water flow input groove 903, a second water flow input groove 904, a middle shaft radial water flow input groove 905, a middle shaft axial water flow input groove 906, a water jet hole 907, a water diversion preformed hole 908 and purified water 909; the first hydraulic storage hole 901 and the second hydraulic storage hole 902 are distributed in the load protection sleeve 26 and are positioned on the left side and the right side of the first annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402; the first water flow input groove 903 and the second water flow input groove 904 are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the inner walls of the first hydraulic storage hole 901 and the second hydraulic storage hole 902, and the center of the bottoms of the inner walls is provided with a water jet hole 907; the radial water flow input slot 905 of the middle shaft is arranged at the firstThe bottom ends of the centers of the annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402 are in annular structures which are longitudinally distributed; the middle shaft axial water flow input groove 906 is a linear structure which is arranged along the axial direction of the first annular freezing cavity 401 and the second annular freezing cavity 402, is symmetrically arranged and is perpendicular to the middle shaft radial water flow input groove 905; the water diversion preformed holes 908 are arranged at the upper ends of the outer walls of the first hydraulic storage hole 901 and the second hydraulic storage hole 902, and the difference is that the water diversion preformed holes 908 are positioned at the outer sides of the hydraulic storage holes; the water diversion preformed hole 908 is used for being communicated with the corresponding water inlet hole 1001 and the corresponding water outlet hole 1002;
the dynamic impact system comprises a dynamic impact incident rod 1 and a dynamic impact transmission rod 2;
the left longitudinal section of the rock-soil body sample 3 is in contact connection with the right longitudinal section full section of the dynamic impact incident rod 1, and the right longitudinal section of the rock-soil body sample 3 is in contact connection with the left longitudinal section full section of the dynamic impact transmission rod 2; the position of the dynamic impact incident rod 1 is fixed and the left side of the dynamic impact incident rod is in contact connection with the full section of the dynamic impact bullet 15.
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| CN115290468A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-11-04 | 四川大学 | Capsule-shaped environment simulation body structure for Hopkinson bar test system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115290468A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-11-04 | 四川大学 | Capsule-shaped environment simulation body structure for Hopkinson bar test system |
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