CN112501445A - Method for preparing battery-grade nickel-cobalt-manganese - Google Patents
Method for preparing battery-grade nickel-cobalt-manganese Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0453—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B47/00—Obtaining manganese
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing battery-grade nickel, cobalt and manganese. The method comprises the following steps: (1) pre-separating and extracting the leachate containing the anode powder to obtain a water phase 1 and an organic phase 1, and washing and back-extracting the organic phase 1 to obtain a back-extraction solution 1; (2) extracting and separating the water phase 1 obtained in the step (1) to obtain a water phase 2 and an organic phase 2; (3) the method provided by the invention can realize synchronous extraction and recovery of nickel, cobalt and manganese in the battery feed liquid containing nickel, cobalt and manganese.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of resource recovery, in particular to a method for preparing battery-grade nickel, cobalt and manganese.
Background
The nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary cathode material has good cycle performance, stable structure and high cost performance, is a novel lithium ion battery cathode material, and the main raw materials of the precursor product of the ternary cathode material are nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt. With the rapid development and popularization of electric automobiles, the demand scale of lithium ion batteries is also continuously enlarged, and the number of waste lithium ion batteries is also increased day by day. If the waste lithium battery is discarded at will, not only the environment is seriously polluted, but also a great deal of valuable metal resources are wasted, and the best way for solving the problem is to realize recycling of nickel, cobalt and manganese.
Hydrometallurgy is a scientific technology for dissolving valuable metal components in ores, concentrates, waste battery anode materials and other materials in a solution or separating out the valuable metal components in a new solid phase by using a leaching agent to separate, enrich and extract metals, has the characteristics of low energy consumption, small pollution, high resource utilization rate and the like, and is continuously concerned and developed by a plurality of researchers all the time.
CN110066925A discloses a method for recovering valuable metals from waste nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary lithium batteries, which comprises the steps of extracting and purifying battery leachate by using P204, carrying out back extraction to obtain a back extraction solution containing manganese sulfate and raffinate containing Co, Ni and Li ions, removing Cu from the back extraction solution, carrying out evaporation concentration and crystallization to obtain manganese sulfate; extracting Co in the raffinate by using saponified P507, and obtaining a cobalt sulfate solution after back extraction; removing Mg in the raffinate by using C272, extracting Ni in the raffinate by using P507, and performing back extraction to obtain a nickel sulfate solution; detecting the concentration of divalent Fe in the leachate, adding an oxidant to oxidize the divalent Fe into trivalent Fe, adding sodium carbonate to adjust the pH value of the leachate to 4.5-5.0, and removing Fe and Al precipitates; detecting the content of Ca and Mg, adding sodium fluoride or potassium fluoride to precipitate Ca and Mg, and filtering. The process flow is complex, the separation cost for respectively recovering nickel, cobalt and manganese elements is high, impurity metal ions such as Ca, Mg and the like are removed by adopting a precipitation method, and valuable metal entrainment loss is easily caused.
CN105483382A discloses a method for synchronously recovering nickel, cobalt and manganese from waste residues containing nickel, cobalt and manganese, which comprises adding oxidants such as hypochlorite or nitric acid, adjusting pH to 5.0-5.5, and removing Fe and Al from the leachate to obtain raffinate after removing Fe and Al; adjusting the pH value to 2.0-2.5 by using Mextral984H or CP50 extractant, and removing Cu in raffinate; then P507 and kerosene are used as a diluent, the pH value is adjusted to be 2.0-2.3, Zn and a small amount of Mn in the raffinate are extracted and removed, dilute sulfuric acid is used for washing, then sulfuric acid is used for back-extracting an organic phase containing Zn and a small amount of Mn to obtain a back-extraction solution containing Zn and a small amount of Mn, and Zn and Mn in the back-extraction solution are extracted and separated by P204; and finally, synchronously extracting Ni, Co and Mn by adopting a mixed extracting agent of tributyl phosphate and new decanoic acid to obtain an organic phase containing Ni, Co and Mn, washing the organic phase with dilute sulfuric acid to remove calcium and magnesium impurities, and performing back extraction by adopting sulfuric acid to obtain a nickel-cobalt-manganese mixed solution. The process flow is complex, and the operation is unstable due to the adoption of the mixed extractant.
The scheme has the problems of resource waste, complex process or high operation difficulty and the like, so that the development of the method for recovering the nickel, the cobalt and the manganese with high recovery efficiency and simple flow is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing battery-grade nickel, cobalt and manganese, which comprises the following steps: (1) pre-separating and extracting the leachate containing the anode powder to obtain a water phase 1 and an organic phase 1, and washing and back-extracting the organic phase 1 to obtain a back-extraction solution 1; (2) extracting and separating the water phase 1 obtained in the step (1) to obtain a water phase 2 and an organic phase 2; (3) the method provided by the invention can realize synchronous extraction and recovery of nickel, cobalt and manganese in the battery feed liquid containing nickel, cobalt and manganese.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for preparing battery-grade nickel, cobalt and manganese, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-separating and extracting the leachate containing the anode powder to obtain a water phase 1 and an organic phase 1, and washing and back-extracting the obtained organic phase 1 to obtain a back-extraction solution 1;
(2) extracting and separating the water phase 1 obtained in the step (1) to obtain a water phase 2 and an organic phase 2;
(3) and (3) carrying out extraction separation on the stripping solution 1 obtained in the step (1) and the organic phase 2 obtained in the step (2) to obtain a water phase 3 and an organic phase 3, and washing and stripping the obtained organic phase 3 to obtain a solution containing iron, aluminum, zinc and copper.
The extracting agents extracted in the step (1) and the step (2) are carboxylic acid extracting agents, and the structural general formula of the carboxylic acid extracting agents is as follows:
wherein 10. ltoreq. m + n. ltoreq.22, for example: 10. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, etc.
Preferably, said CnH2n+1Is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 21 carbon atoms (e.g., 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 14, 16, 18, 21, etc.).
Preferably, said CmH2m+1Is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 21 carbon atoms (e.g., 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 14, 16, 18, 21, etc.).
The adopted carboxylic acid extractant can synchronously extract nickel, cobalt and manganese, has high extraction efficiency and good separation effect with impurity ions; the water solubility is low, and the environment is friendly; the organic phase can be recycled, the operation cost is low, and the economic benefit is good.
Preferably, the carboxylic acid extractant accounts for 5-30% of the volume fraction of the whole extractant, such as: 5%, 8%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, etc.
Preferably, the diluent of the extractant comprises any one of solvent naphtha, kerosene, Escaid110, hexane, heptane or dodecane or a combination of at least two of the same.
Preferably, the extractant of step (1) and step (2) is saponified before use.
Preferably, the saponifying agent used for saponification is an alkaline solution.
Preferably, the alkaline solution comprises any one of sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution or ammonia water or a combination of at least two thereof.
Preferably, the concentration of the alkaline solution is 6-14 mol/L, such as: 6mol/L, 8mol/L, 10mol/L, 11mol/L, 12mol/L, 13mol/L or 14mol/L, etc.
Preferably, the extraction method of step (1) comprises single-stage extraction and/or multi-stage countercurrent extraction, preferably multi-stage countercurrent extraction.
Preferably, the number of stages of the multistage countercurrent extraction in the step (1) is 2-40, for example: 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, or 40 stages, etc.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the extracting agent used in the extraction in the step (1) to the leaching solution is (0.1-10): 2.
Preferably, the stirring speed in the extraction in the step (1) is 150-200 r/min, for example: 150r/min, 160r/min, 170r/min, 180r/min, 190r/min or 200r/min, etc.
Preferably, the stirring time in the extraction in the step (1) is 2-10 min, for example: 2min, 3min, 4min, 5min, 6min, 7min, 8min, 9min or 10min and the like.
Preferably, the organic phase 1 containing iron, aluminum, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt and manganese obtained in the step (1) is washed after extraction;
preferably, the detergent used in the washing treatment comprises sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
Preferably, the method of washing treatment comprises a multi-stage counter current wash.
Preferably, the number of stages of the multistage countercurrent washing is 1-15 stages, such as: stage 1, stage 3, stage 5, stage 9, stage 10, or stage 15.
Preferably, after washing, back extraction treatment is required to obtain the iron-containing aluminum zinc copper nickel cobalt manganese solution and a blank organic phase.
Preferably, the extractant used in the stripping treatment comprises sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
Preferably, the number of stages of the stripping treatment is 1-10, for example: stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, stage 4, stage 5, stage 6, stage 7, stage 8, stage 9, or stage 10.
Preferably, the blank organic phase may be used as an extractant.
Preferably, the extraction method of step (2) comprises single-stage extraction and/or multi-stage countercurrent extraction, preferably multi-stage countercurrent extraction.
Preferably, the number of stages of the multistage countercurrent extraction in the step (2) is 2-40, for example: 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, or 40 stages, etc.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the extracting agent used in the extraction in the step (2) to the leaching solution is (0.1-10): 1.5.
Preferably, the stirring speed in the extraction in the step (2) is 150-200 r/min, for example: 150r/min, 160r/min, 170r/min, 180r/min, 190r/min or 200r/min, etc.
Preferably, the stirring time in the extraction in the step (2) is 2-10 min, for example: 2min, 3min, 4min, 5min, 6min, 7min, 8min, 9min or 10min and the like.
Preferably, the pH of the water phase 2 in the step (2) is 5-7.5, such as: 5. 5.2, 5.5, 5.7, 5.9, 6, 6.2, 6.5, 6.8, 7, 7.5, etc.
Preferably, the manganese-containing organic phase 2 obtained in step (2) is subjected to a washing treatment.
Preferably, the detergent used in the washing treatment comprises sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
Preferably, the method of soil washing treatment comprises a multi-stage counter current wash.
Preferably, the number of stages of the multistage countercurrent washing is 1-15 stages, such as: stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, stage 4, stage 5, stage 8, stage 10, stage 12, stage 14, or stage 15.
Preferably, the washed manganese-containing organic phase 2 can be used as a saponifier in step (3).
Preferably, the extraction method of step (3) comprises single-stage extraction and/or multi-stage countercurrent extraction, preferably multi-stage countercurrent extraction.
Preferably, the number of stages of the multistage countercurrent extraction in the step (3) is 2-40, for example: 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, or 40 stages, etc.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the extracting agent used in the extraction in the step (3) to the leaching solution is (0.1-10): 2.
Preferably, the stirring speed in the extraction in the step (3) is 150-200 r/min, for example: 150r/min, 160r/min, 170r/min, 180r/min, 190r/min or 200r/min, etc.
Preferably, the stirring time in the extraction in the step (3) is 2-10 min, for example: 2min, 3min, 4min, 5min, 6min, 7min, 8min, 9min or 10min and the like.
Preferably, the manganese-containing organic phase 2 obtained in step (3) is subjected to washing treatment after extraction.
Preferably, the detergent used in the washing treatment comprises sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
Preferably, the method of washing treatment comprises a multi-stage counter current wash.
Preferably, the number of stages of the multistage countercurrent washing is 1-15 stages, such as: stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, stage 4, stage 5, stage 8, stage 10, stage 12, stage 14, or stage 15.
Preferably, after washing, a back extraction treatment is required to obtain a nickel-cobalt-manganese-containing solution, an iron-aluminum-zinc-copper back extraction solution and a blank organic phase.
Preferably, the extractant used in the stripping treatment comprises sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
Preferably, the number of stages of the back extraction treatment is 1-10 stages.
Preferably, the blank organic phase may be used as an extractant.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) diluting the carboxylic acid extractant by using a diluent until the volume fraction is 5-30%, and then performing saponification treatment by using an alkaline solution with the concentration of 6-14 mol/L;
(2) stirring the leachate containing the positive electrode powder by using the saponified extractant obtained in the step (1) at a speed of 150-200 r/min for 2-10 min, and separating to obtain a calcium-magnesium-manganese-containing aqueous phase 1 and an iron-aluminum-zinc-copper-nickel-cobalt-manganese-containing organic phase 1;
(3) washing and back extracting the organic phase 1 containing iron, aluminum, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt and manganese obtained in the step (2) to obtain a back extraction solution containing iron, aluminum, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt and manganese and a blank organic phase;
(4) stirring the water phase 1 obtained in the step (2) by using the saponified extractant obtained in the step (1) at a speed of 150-200 r/min for 2-10 min, and separating to obtain a water phase 2 with a pH value of 5-7.5 and a manganese-containing organic phase 2;
(5) stirring the stripping solution obtained in the step (3) and the manganese-containing organic phase 2 obtained in the step (4) at a speed of 150-200 r/min for 2-10 min, and separating to obtain a nickel-cobalt-manganese-containing aqueous phase 3 and an iron-aluminum-zinc-copper-containing organic phase 3;
(6) and (4) washing and back-extracting the organic phase 3 containing iron, aluminum, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt and manganese obtained in the step (5) to obtain a back-extraction solution containing iron, aluminum, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt and manganese and a blank organic phase.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method provided by the invention has good separation effect on metal ions, realizes synchronous extraction and recovery of nickel, cobalt and manganese in the nickel-cobalt-manganese battery leaching solution by utilizing the coupling effect between the extracting agent and the extraction pH value, is not influenced by impurity metal ions such as calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum and the like, is simple to operate, reduces the separation cost of respectively recovering nickel, cobalt and manganese and the extraction and purification cost of impurity metal ions, and in addition, the adopted carboxylic acid extracting agent has small water solubility and can be recycled.
(2) The recovery method provided by the invention has the impurity removal rate of more than or equal to 99 percent, the extraction rate of nickel, cobalt and manganese of more than or equal to 99.5 percent and the back extraction rate of more than or equal to 99.5 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the recovery process in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.
In the embodiment 1 and the comparative embodiment 1, the volume fraction of the extracting agent is 25 percent, the diluent is Escaid110, and 6mol/L NaOH solution is used for saponification.
The BC196 extracting agent used in the embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following method:
28.6g of isooctanol, 200mL of Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 8.8g of 60% sodium hydride (dispersed in mineral oil) are added into a three-neck flask, and reacted at 60 ℃ for 6 hours, a large amount of white solid is generated, and a small amount of sodium particles are left; dripping 20mL of 10mol/L THF solution of 2-bromohexanoic acid at 60 ℃ and continuing to react for 4h at 60 ℃; cooling, performing rotary evaporation to remove THF, adding 200mL of water and 200mL of Ethyl Acetate (EA) into the concentrated solution, shaking for layering, and taking a water layer; the aqueous layer was acidified with hydrochloric acid to pH 1, extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic phase was washed with water 2 times and spin-dried to obtain 38g of a pale yellow product, compound BC 196.
Characterization data:13C NMR(101MHz，CDCl3)δ3.97(1H)，3.41(1H)，3.26(1H)，1.70(2H)，1.45(3H)，1.05-1.24(10H)，0.91(9H)；13C NMR(101MHz，CDCl3)δ175(s)，82(s)，76(s)，40(s)，32(s)，30(s)，29(s)，27(s)，22–23(m)，14(s)，11(s)；MS[M-H]-:243。
example 1
This example provides a method for preparing battery grade nickel-cobalt-manganese by pre-separation extraction, and the schematic diagram of the method is shown in fig. 1.
In this example, BC196 was used as the extractant, 25% by volume, and Escaid110 as the diluent, and saponified with 6mol/L NaOH solution.
The leachate in this example is a battery leachate containing nickel, cobalt and manganese, the pH of the leachate is 1.59, and the components are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Element(s) | Fe | Al | Zn | Cu | Ni | Co | Mn | Ca | Mg | Li |
| Content (g/L) | 0.5 | 0.01 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 48 | 22 | 18 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 10 |
(1) Using saponified BC196
Performing 15-stage countercurrent extraction on the leachate containing nickel, cobalt and manganese, wherein the volume ratio of an extracting agent to the battery leachate is 0.2:1, the mixing time is 8min, the stirring speed is 150r/min, the experimental temperature is 25 ℃, phase splitting is performed to obtain an organic phase 1 and a water phase 1 with the pH value of 5.7, the organic phase 1 is subjected to 8-stage countercurrent washing by using dilute sulfuric acid with the pH value of 1.5, then back extraction is performed for 3 times by using 2.5mol/L sulfuric acid, the volume ratio of the organic phase 1 to a washing solution or a back extraction solution is 10:1, a mixed solution of ferric sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, aluminum sulfate, cobalt sulfate, nickel sulfate and manganese sulfate is obtained, and the obtained blank organic phase is returned to the saponification process for recycling.
(2) Performing multistage countercurrent extraction on the water phase 1 by using saponified BC196, wherein the extraction stage number is 13, the volume ratio of the organic phase to the water phase 1 is 4:1, the mixing time is 8min, the stirring speed is 150r/min, standing is performed for 15min, the experimental temperature is 25 ℃, mixed liquid of the organic phase 2 and calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate with the pH value of 6.4 is respectively obtained, after 10-stage countercurrent washing is performed on the organic phase 2 by using dilute sulfuric acid with the pH value of 1.5, entering a third extraction section to carry out countercurrent extraction with the strip liquor 1 to respectively obtain an organic phase 3 and a mixed liquor of cobalt sulfate, nickel sulfate and manganese sulfate with the pH value of 6.4, carrying out 12-stage countercurrent washing on the organic phase 3 by adopting dilute sulfuric acid with the pH value of 1.5, and performing back extraction for 3 times by adopting 2.5mol/L sulfuric acid, wherein the volume of the organic phase 3 and the washing solution or the back extraction solution is 10:1, and obtaining a mixed solution of ferric sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate and aluminum sulfate.
Example 2
This example differs from example 1 only in that the stirring speed in step (1) is 100r/min, and the other conditions and parameters are exactly the same as in example 1.
Example 3
This example differs from example 1 only in that the stirring speed in step (1) is 200r/min, and the other conditions and parameters are exactly the same as in example 1.
Example 4
This example differs from example 1 only in that the stirring speed in step (1) is 250r/min, and the other conditions and parameters are exactly the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a traditional method for recovering nickel, cobalt and manganese in feed liquid containing nickel, cobalt and manganese, the leachate in the comparative example is battery leachate containing nickel, cobalt and manganese, the pH value of the leachate is 1.59, and the components are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2
| Element(s) | Fe | Al | Zn | Cu | Ni | Co | Mn | Ca | Mg | Li |
| Content (g/L) | 0.5 | 0.01 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 48 | 22 | 18 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 10 |
(1) Carrying out 15-stage countercurrent extraction on the leachate containing nickel, cobalt and manganese by using saponified P204, wherein the volume ratio of an extractant to the battery leachate is 0.2:1, the mixing time is 8min, the stirring speed is 150r/min, the experimental temperature is 25 ℃, phase splitting is carried out to obtain an organic phase 1 and a water phase 1 (mixed solution of cobalt sulfate, nickel sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and the like with the pH value of 5.7), carrying out 8-stage countercurrent washing on the organic phase 1 by using dilute sulfuric acid with the pH value of 1.5, carrying out back extraction for 3 times by using 2.5mol/L sulfuric acid, the volume of the organic phase 1 and a washing solution or a back extraction solution is 10:1, obtaining a mixed solution of ferric sulfate, zinc sulfate, aluminum sulfate, copper sulfate and manganese sulfate, and the obtained blank organic phase, and returning to the saponification process for recycling.
(2) Performing multistage countercurrent extraction on the water phase 1 by using saponified P507, wherein the extraction stages are 15 stages, the volume ratio of the organic phase to the water phase 1 is 4:1, the mixing time is 8min, the stirring speed is 150r/min, standing is 15min, the experimental temperature is 25 ℃, mixed liquor of the organic phase 2 and magnesium sulfate and nickel sulfate with the pH value of 5 is obtained respectively, 10-stage countercurrent washing is performed on the organic phase 2 by using 1mol/L dilute sulfuric acid, then back extraction is performed for 3 times by using 2.5mol/L sulfuric acid, and the volume of the organic phase 3 and a washing solution or a back extraction solution is 10:1, so that a cobalt sulfate solution is obtained.
(3) Performing multistage countercurrent extraction on the water phase 2 by using saponified C272, wherein the extraction stages are 15 stages, the volume ratio of an organic phase to the water phase 1 is 4:1, the mixing time is 8min, the stirring speed is 150r/min, standing is 15min, the experimental temperature is 25 ℃, nickel sulfate solutions with an organic phase 3 and a pH value of 5 are respectively obtained, 10-stage countercurrent washing is performed on the organic phase 2 by using 1mol/L dilute sulfuric acid, then back extraction is performed for 3 times by using 2.5mol/L sulfuric acid, and the volume of the organic phase 3 and a washing solution or a back extraction solution is 10:1, so that a magnesium sulfate solution is obtained.
(4) Carrying out 15-stage countercurrent extraction on a mixed solution containing copper sulfate and manganese sulfate by using saponified P204, wherein the volume ratio of an extractant to a battery leachate is 0.2:1, the mixing time is 8min, the stirring speed is 150r/min, the experimental temperature is 25 ℃, phase splitting is carried out to obtain an organic phase 4 and a manganese sulfate solution with the pH value of 5.7 respectively, carrying out 8-stage countercurrent washing on the organic phase 1 by using dilute sulfuric acid with the pH value of 1.5, carrying out back extraction for 3 times by using 2.5mol/L sulfuric acid, and the volume of the organic phase 4 and a washing solution or a back extraction solution is 10:1 to obtain a copper sulfate solution, and returning the organic phase to the saponification process for recycling.
The test results of examples 1-4 and comparative example 1 are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3
Comparing example 1 with comparative example 1, it can be seen that the pre-separation extraction method has a shorter flow than the traditional separation method, less types of extracting agents, avoids cross contamination of the extracting agents, has a high metal extraction rate, and can greatly save investment and operation cost.
As can be seen from Table 3, in the method of the present invention, the stirring speed in step (1) needs to be controlled to be 150-200 r/min, the stirring speed is too high, the solvent is dissociated between particles due to the centrifugal effect, such that the saponifier and the leachate in the stirring process are in a fluid state and cannot be turned over, and the internal friction force between the particles is also greatly reduced, such that the stirring is not uniform; the stirring speed is too low and the interparticle friction is low, also resulting in non-uniformity.
According to the method provided by the invention, through a pre-separation extraction method, the nickel, cobalt and manganese in the leachate of the anode material of the waste lithium ion battery are synchronously extracted and recovered, the method is not influenced by impurity metal ions such as calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum, zinc, copper and the like, the operation is simple, and the separation cost for respectively recovering nickel, cobalt and manganese and the extraction and purification cost for the impurity metal ions are reduced. Meanwhile, the impurity removal rate of the carboxylic acid extractant reaches 99.4 percent, and the sulfuric acid back extraction rate reaches more than 99.5 percent.
The applicant declares that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing battery-grade nickel-cobalt-manganese is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pre-separating and extracting the leachate containing the anode powder to obtain a water phase 1 and an organic phase 1, and washing and back-extracting the obtained organic phase 1 to obtain a back-extraction solution 1;
(2) extracting and separating the water phase 1 obtained in the step (1) to obtain a water phase 2 and an organic phase 2;
(3) and (3) carrying out extraction separation on the stripping solution 1 obtained in the step (1) and the organic phase 2 obtained in the step (2) to obtain a water phase 3 and an organic phase 3, and washing and stripping the obtained organic phase 3 to obtain a solution containing iron, aluminum, zinc and copper.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the extractant used in step (1) and the extractant used in step (2) are both carboxylic acid type extractants;
preferably, the carboxylic acid extractant has the following structural formula:
wherein m + n is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 22;
preferably, said CnH2n+1Is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 21 carbon atoms.
Preferably, said CmH2m+1Is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 21 carbon atoms.
Preferably, the carboxylic acid extractant accounts for 5-30% of the volume fraction of the whole extractant;
preferably, the extractant further comprises a diluent;
preferably, the diluent comprises any one of mineral spirit, kerosene, Escaid110, hexane, heptane or dodecane or a combination of at least two thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the extractant of step (1) and step (2) is saponified prior to use;
preferably, the saponifying agent used for saponification is an alkaline solution;
preferably, the alkaline solution comprises any one of sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution or ammonia water or a combination of at least two of the above;
preferably, the concentration of the alkaline solution is 6-14 mol/L.
4. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method of extraction of step (1) comprises single stage extraction and/or multi-stage countercurrent extraction, preferably multi-stage countercurrent extraction;
preferably, the number of stages of the multistage countercurrent extraction is 2-40 stages;
preferably, the volume ratio of the extracting agent used in the extraction in the step (1) to the leaching solution is (0.1-10): 2;
preferably, the stirring speed in the extraction in the step (1) is 150-200 r/min;
preferably, the stirring time in the extraction in the step (1) is 2-10 min.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the organic phase 1 containing iron, aluminum, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt and manganese obtained in step (1) is subjected to washing treatment after extraction;
preferably, the washing treatment uses a detergent comprising sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid;
preferably, the method of washing treatment comprises a multi-stage counter-current washing;
preferably, the number of stages of the multistage countercurrent washing is 1-15 stages;
preferably, after washing, back extraction treatment is required to obtain an iron-containing aluminum zinc copper nickel cobalt manganese solution and a blank organic phase;
preferably, the extractant used in the back extraction treatment comprises sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid;
preferably, the number of stages of the back extraction treatment is 1-10 stages;
preferably, the blank organic phase may be used as an extractant.
6. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the extraction in step (2) comprises single-stage extraction and/or multi-stage countercurrent extraction, preferably multi-stage countercurrent extraction;
preferably, the number of stages of the multistage countercurrent extraction is 2-40 stages;
preferably, the volume ratio of the extracting agent used in the extraction in the step (2) to the leaching solution is (0.1-10): 1.5;
preferably, the stirring speed in the extraction in the step (2) is 150-200 r/min;
preferably, the stirring time in the extraction in the step (2) is 2-10 min;
preferably, the pH value of the water phase 2 in the step (2) is 5-7.5.
7. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the manganese-containing organic phase 2 obtained in step (2) is subjected to a washing treatment;
preferably, the detergent used in the washing treatment comprises sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
Preferably, the method of soil washing treatment comprises a multi-stage counter-current washing;
preferably, the number of stages of the multistage countercurrent washing is 1-15 stages;
preferably, the washed manganese-containing organic phase 2 can be used as a saponifier in step (3).
8. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the extraction in step (3) comprises single-stage extraction and/or multi-stage countercurrent extraction, preferably multi-stage countercurrent extraction;
preferably, the number of stages of the multistage countercurrent extraction in the step (3) is 2-40 stages;
preferably, the volume ratio of the extracting agent used in the extraction in the step (3) to the leaching solution is (0.1-10): 2;
preferably, the stirring speed in the extraction in the step (3) is 150-200 r/min;
preferably, the stirring time in the extraction in the step (3) is 2-10 min.
9. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the manganese-containing organic phase 2 obtained in step (3) is subjected to washing treatment after extraction;
preferably, the washing treatment uses a detergent comprising sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid;
preferably, the method of washing treatment comprises a multi-stage counter-current washing;
preferably, the number of stages of the multistage countercurrent washing is 1-15 stages;
preferably, after washing, back extraction treatment is required to obtain a nickel-cobalt-manganese-containing solution, an iron-aluminum-zinc-copper back extraction solution and a blank organic phase;
preferably, the extractant used in the back extraction treatment comprises sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid;
preferably, the number of stages of the back extraction treatment is 1-10 stages;
preferably, the blank organic phase may be used as an extractant.
10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
(1) diluting the carboxylic acid extractant by using a diluent until the volume fraction is 5-30%, and then performing saponification treatment by using an alkaline solution with the concentration of 6-14 mol/L;
(2) stirring the leachate containing the positive electrode powder by using the saponified extractant obtained in the step (1) at a speed of 150-200 r/min for 2-10 min, and separating to obtain a calcium-magnesium-manganese-containing aqueous phase 1 and an iron-aluminum-zinc-copper-nickel-cobalt-manganese-containing organic phase 1;
(3) washing and back extracting the organic phase 1 containing iron, aluminum, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt and manganese obtained in the step (2) to obtain a back extraction solution containing iron, aluminum, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt and manganese and a blank organic phase;
(4) stirring the water phase 1 obtained in the step (2) by using the saponified extractant obtained in the step (1) at a speed of 150-200 r/min for 2-10 min, and separating to obtain a water phase 2 with a pH value of 5-7.5 and a manganese-containing organic phase 2;
(5) stirring the stripping solution obtained in the step (3) and the manganese-containing organic phase 2 obtained in the step (4) at a speed of 150-200 r/min for 2-10 min, and separating to obtain a nickel-cobalt-manganese-containing aqueous phase 3 and an iron-aluminum-zinc-copper-containing organic phase 3;
(6) and (4) washing and back-extracting the organic phase 3 containing iron, aluminum, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt and manganese obtained in the step (5) to obtain a back-extraction solution containing iron, aluminum, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt and manganese and a blank organic phase.
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