CN112501429B - SO in sintering process 2 、NO x Synergistic emission reduction method - Google Patents

SO in sintering process 2 、NO x Synergistic emission reduction method Download PDF

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CN112501429B
CN112501429B CN202011371865.0A CN202011371865A CN112501429B CN 112501429 B CN112501429 B CN 112501429B CN 202011371865 A CN202011371865 A CN 202011371865A CN 112501429 B CN112501429 B CN 112501429B
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sintering
pellets
pellet
raw materials
ammonia
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CN112501429A (en
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王毅璠
杨涛
杨美洲
龙红明
钱立新
罗云飞
刘爽
孟庆民
余正伟
春铁军
雷杰
王宏涛
丁成义
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Zhejiang Majia Environmental Technology Co ltd
Anhui University of Technology AHUT
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Anhui University of Technology AHUT
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/16Sintering; Agglomerating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/54Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/56Nitrogen oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/76Gas phase processes, e.g. by using aerosols
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/20Reductants
    • B01D2251/206Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2062Ammonia

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Abstract

The application discloses a method for reducing emission of SO2 and NOx in a sintering process, and belongs to the technical field of pollutant emission reduction in the sintering process. In the preparation process of the sintering raw material, adding a plurality of layers of composite pellets, wherein the plurality of layers of composite pellets comprise inner pellets and a coating layer arranged outside the inner pellets; the ammonia inhibitor and the inner pellet forming material are added in the preparation process of the inner pellet, the ammonia inhibitor can be decomposed by heating to release ammonia, and the content of N element in the ammonia inhibitor is 0.02-0.15% of the mass of the inner pellet; then coating a wrapping layer on the outer part of the inner pellet by using an outer pellet forming material; the application adds the multilayer composite pellet into the sintering process to effectively improve SO 2 NOx and dioxin reduction efficiency.

Description

SO in sintering process 2 、NO x Synergistic emission reduction method
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of pollutant emission reduction in a sintering process, in particular to a method for synergetic emission reduction of SO2 and NOx in the sintering process.
Background
With the increasing serious environmental problems and the gradual enhancement of environmental awareness of people, the steel industry is increasingly valued by the national environmental protection department as a main pollutant emission source. Five committee joint release of the ecological environment department of China and the like in 2019 'opinion about ultra-low emission of the propulsion implementation steel industry' requires national steel enterprises to greatly reduce pollutant emission level, and pollutant emission standards of sintering/pelletizing procedures are defined as particulate matters and SO 2 、NO X The emission limit of dioxin is 10mg/m respectively 3 、35mg/m 3 、50 mg/m 3 、0.1-0.2ng-TEQ/m 3 . The policy is more and more strict, the environmental protection pressure of enterprises is increased, and the technology of desulfurizing, denitrating and removing dioxin is developed vigorously. The existing flue gas pollutant emission reduction technology generally adopts tail end treatment, and has the advantages of high emission reduction effect, high investment, possibility of secondary pollution and difficulty in realizing multi-pollutant cooperative emission reduction.
Innovative proposal of the Anhui university of industry, long Gongming and the like is that urea is added in a certain specific material layer height interval in the sintering mixture, thermodynamic and kinetic conditions of the sintering process are reasonably utilized, and SO is established 2 、NO X And a dioxin emission barrier, wherein reaction products do not enter sinter nor flue gas, but are intensively discharged along with dust at a specific position of the sintering machine. DeSO by urea method 2 The method has good dioxin removal effect, wide sources of ammonia additives, no secondary pollution problem of reaction products, and is effective in reducing the emission of future iron and steel enterprisesOne of the pathways. But the technique takes off NO X The effect is not ideal, resulting in NO in sintering flue gas X The emission does not meet the existing national emission standard, and few enterprises adopt SCR technology or activated carbon method to treat NO X The process is used for treating NO in flue gas X The control effect of the method is very remarkable, but the input cost and the operation cost are huge, and the emission reduction burden of enterprises is increased. The SNCR process belongs to a non-catalytic in-furnace injection process, is applied to a coal-fired boiler, does not need to add a catalyst, and is to add NH 3 Reducing agents such as ammonia water, urea and the like are directly sprayed into a high-temperature area of the hearth and NO X The denitration rate of the method can reach 30 to 50 percent generally. The denitration process of the SNCR technology needs to control the temperature within 850-1100 ℃, and the temperature of sintering flue gas in actual production is generally below 200 ℃ and does not meet the reaction temperature requirement of ammonia injection denitration. In view of the above, there is an urgent need to seek a suitable solution from the technical and economical point of view to achieve the sintering process SO 2 、NO X And the dioxin is cooperated to reduce emission, thus achieving the purposes of ultra-low emission and low cost treatment.
Some related technical schemes have been disclosed through patent search. Such as: SO in sintering process 2 Method and system for reducing emission of dioxin (CN 104962732B), namely SO in sintering process based on addition of solid inhibitor 2 And a dioxin synergistic emission reduction method (CN 105861816B). With respect to SO during sintering 2 The related technical scheme of online emission reduction is disclosed: an iron ore sintering process desulfurization method based on addition of inhibitors (CN 201110022407.0), an on-line desulfurization method of sintering process (CN 103834800B); the related technical scheme of dioxin emission reduction in the sintering process is disclosed as follows: an emission reduction method of dioxin in the sintering process of iron ore (CN 102847419A), an addition method and a device for reducing the generation of dioxin inhibitor in the sintering process (CN 105316480B). The above disclosed technical solution provides three addition schemes of ammonia inhibitors, (1) adding ammonia inhibitors into the sinter bed in a mixing way, (2) adding ammonia inhibitors at a certain height of the sinter bed, and (3) spraying ammonia inhibitors onto the sinter mixture bed. The technical proposal can realize SO in the sintering process 2 And dioxin, but for NO X The emission does not have good inhibition effect, and SO is difficult to realize 2 、NO X And dioxin to reduce emission.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
Aiming at the adding mode of ammonia inhibitor in sintering material in the prior art, the application can lead to SO in the sintering process 2 、 NO X And the problems of poor online emission reduction effect of pollutants such as dioxin, high smoke treatment cost and the like; providing a sintering process SO 2 According to the NOx synergistic emission reduction method, the multi-layer composite pellets are added into the sintering process, wherein the multi-layer composite pellets wrap ammonia inhibitors, so that NH generated by the pellets at a high sintering temperature can be effectively slowed down 3 The release speed is high, so that the release speed is fully reacted with pollutants generated by sintering, and the aim of synergetic emission reduction is fulfilled.
2. Technical proposal
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:
in the preparation process of sintering raw materials, adding a plurality of layers of composite pellets, wherein the plurality of layers of composite pellets comprise inner pellets and a wrapping layer arranged outside the inner pellets; the ammonia inhibitor and the inner pellet forming material are added in the preparation process of the inner pellet, the ammonia inhibitor can be decomposed by heating to release ammonia, and the content of N element in the ammonia inhibitor is 0.02-0.15% of the mass of the inner pellet; and then coating a wrapping layer on the outer part of the inner pellet by using an outer pellet forming material.
Preferably, the specific steps are as follows:
step one: pouring the prepared sintering raw materials and water into a cylinder mixer in sequence for primary mixing, and then carrying out secondary mixing without adding water; after granulating, uniformly adding the produced multilayer composite pellets into a sintering raw material, and uniformly mixing to form a composite sintering raw material;
step two: firstly, paving a primer layer at the lower part of a sintering cup device; paving the mixed and granulated composite sintering raw materials and filling the sintering cup body; finally, ignition and sintering are carried out;
step three: after ignition, carrying out induced draft sintering to NO in the flue gas X 、SO 2 、NH 3 And dioxin on-line measurement.
Preferably, the sintering raw materials include domestic concentrate, king ore, russian fine powder, luo Yishan ore, iron scale, babbitt ore, blast furnace return ore, fly ash, internal return ore, and dolomite as flux, quicklime and coke powder as fuel.
Preferably, the granularity of the outer layer pelletizing material reaches-0.149 mm, and the mass percentage content of the grain grade is more than or equal to 95%; the particle size of the inner layer pelletizing material reaches-0.074 mm, and the mass percentage content of the particle size is more than or equal to 95%.
Preferably, the ammonia inhibitor is urea, and the mass percentage content of the ammonia inhibitor reaches-0.074 mm particle size fraction and is more than or equal to 95%.
Preferably, the particle size of the inner pellet is 3-5mm;
and/or the water content of the multilayer composite pellet is 8.0-8.5%, and the particle size is 12-16mm.
Preferably, attaching a housing outside the wrapping; the housing includes an SCR spent catalyst.
Preferably, the pellets containing the outer shell have a particle size of 14-18mm.
Preferably, the specific steps are as follows:
step one: sequentially pouring the prepared sintering raw materials into a cylinder mixer for primary mixing, adding a proper amount of water into an air pressurizing machine, spraying the mixture into the mixer through an atomizer to mix with the sintering raw materials, controlling the primary mixing time to be 6min, carrying out secondary mixing after the primary mixing is finished, controlling the secondary mixing time to be 3min without adding water, and controlling the water content of the mixture to be 7.0%; after granulating, uniformly adding the manufactured multilayer composite pellets into the sintering raw materials, and uniformly mixing for 30 seconds to form the composite sintering raw materials;
step two:
a) Paving 2kg of base material layer at the lower part of the sintering cup device;
b) Directly paving the uniformly mixed and granulated composite sintering raw materials, filling the sintering cup body, lightly compacting by using a special round cake, and distributing a small amount of sintering raw materials with finer granularity in the concave part;
c) And (5) ignition and sintering. Starting an exhaust fan below the sintering cup, rotating an ignition (device) cover to the position above the sintering cup body, controlling negative pressure to 7kPa through adjusting an air inlet valve and a relief valve, igniting, controlling the air inlet amount and the gas opening, keeping the ignition temperature at about 1150 ℃, and starting timing of sintering. After ignition for 2min, the ignition (device) cover is removed and closed, the negative pressure is adjusted to 14kPa, and a computer in a central control room is started to automatically collect sintering temperature and exhaust negative pressure. And when the temperature of the sintering flue gas reaches the highest value, the temperature starts to drop to be the sintering end point moment, and the timing time t is the complete sintering time. After sintering, adjusting the negative suction pressure to 7kPa, and pouring out the sinter when the temperature of the waste gas is cooled to 300 ℃;
step three: the sintering process includes igniting, exhausting sintering, taking out sintering fume from the sampling port with oil-free vacuum pump, taking gas via parallel gas pipeline, conveying the gas to MCA10m infrared fume analyzer, and eliminating NO in fume X 、SO 2 、NH 3 And dioxin on-line measurement.
Preferably, the cylinder blendor is sized: phi 600 multiplied by 1200mm, power 8.5kw, and charge 120k;
and/or the specification of the sintering cup operation platform is as follows: 4.0mX3.0m, the inner diameter phi 200 of the sintering cup and the effective height 800mm, the cup body is cast by Cr-containing cast iron, and the charging amount is 50kg.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the SO2 and NOx synergic emission reduction method in the sintering process, in the preparation process of sintering raw materials, a plurality of layers of composite pellets are added, and each layer of composite pellets comprises an inner layer pellet and a wrapping layer arranged outside the inner layer pellet; the ammonia inhibitor and the inner pellet forming material are added in the preparation process of the inner pellet, the ammonia inhibitor can be decomposed by heating to release ammonia, and the content of N element in the ammonia inhibitor is 0.02-0.15% of the mass of the inner pellet; then use the outerThe outer part of the inner pellet is coated with a wrapping layer by the layered pellet; the wrapping layer outside the pellets can play a role in delaying NH 3 Is released at 600-800 ℃ and NO X Can be discharged at 650 ℃ and is combined with NH 3 The release temperature interval is agreed so as to react with each other; meanwhile, the generation of dioxin can be inhibited in the cooling process until the temperature of sintering flue gas is reduced below the synthesis temperature of dioxin, SO that SO is improved 2 And dioxin emission reduction efficiency.
(2) According to the SO2 and NOx synergistic emission reduction method in the sintering process, the shell is attached to the outer side of the wrapping layer, the shell comprises the SCR dead catalyst, and the particle size of pellets containing the shell is 14-18mm. The selective reduction of NO by urea is promoted by utilizing the activity of the substance V, ti in the waste residue part of the SCR waste catalyst X The denitration efficiency can be further improved; the blocking effect of the SCR waste catalyst layer can also delay NH 3 For releasing purpose to make it and SO in the flue gas 2 、NO X And the dioxin emission window period is consistent, so that the emission reduction efficiency is effectively improved.
(3) According to the SO2 and NOx synergistic emission reduction method in the sintering process, the granularity of the outer layer pelletizing material reaches-0.149 mm, and the mass percentage content of the size fraction is more than or equal to 95%; the mass percentage content of the inner layer pelletizing material with the granularity reaching-0.074 mm grade is more than or equal to 95 percent; the method is favorable for fully and uniformly mixing the raw materials, so that the bonding effect can be fully exerted when the bentonite is dispersed in the pellets, and meanwhile, the adverse effect on the pellet strength caused by high-temperature decomposition of decomposable substances in the bentonite binder is reduced to the minimum, so that the aim of improving the emission reduction efficiency is fulfilled.
(4) The SO2 and NOx synergistic emission reduction method in the sintering process uses common and low-cost urea as the main pelletizing raw material, has the advantages of wide raw material sources, low cost, high smoke emission reduction efficiency, reasonable technology, obvious economic benefit and wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for reducing emission of SO2 and NOx in a sintering process;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the effect of preparing pellets containing inner pellets and a coating layer according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the effect of the preparation of pellets of the present application comprising an inner pellet, a coating and a shell.
Reference numerals in the schematic drawings illustrate:
100. inner layer pellet; 200. a wrapping layer; 300. a housing;
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present application, the present application is further described below with reference to examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, in the method for reducing emission by synergy of SO2 and NOx in the sintering process of the embodiment, in the preparation process of the sintering raw material, a plurality of layers of composite pellets are added, wherein each layer of composite pellets comprises an inner pellet 100 and a wrapping layer 200 arranged outside the inner pellet 100; the ammonia inhibitor and the inner pellet forming material are added in the preparation process of the inner pellet 100, the ammonia inhibitor can be decomposed by heating to release ammonia, the content of N element in the ammonia inhibitor accounts for 0.02-0.15% of the mass of the inner pellet, in the embodiment, 0.047% of the mass of the inner pellet is converted into urea, and the mass ratio of the urea is 0.1%; then coating the outer part of the inner pellet 100 with the outer pellet forming material by using the wrapping layer 200; the granularity of the outer layer pelletizing material reaches-0.149 mm, and the mass percentage content of the granularity grade is more than or equal to 95%; the mass percentage content of the inner layer pelletizing material with the granularity reaching-0.074 mm grade is more than or equal to 95 percent; the particle size of the inner pellet 100 is 3-5mm; the water content of the pellets is 8.0-8.5%, and the particle size is 12-16mm;
the inner layer pelleting material and the outer layer pelleting material in the embodiment are prepared by mixing domestic concentrate and bentonite serving as a binder, and the specific content ratios are as follows:
table 1, pelletizing material dosing table
Species of type Guojing Bentonite clay
Additive amount (g) 2940 60
To verify the emission reduction performance of the pellets of this example, it was added to the sintering process of the sinter and by detecting SO in the sintering flue gas 2 、NO X And the content change of dioxin is used for analyzing the performance quality of the pellets, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
step one: and (3) preparing pellets.
(A) Preparing a pelletizing material: weighing and proportioning the inner layer pelleting material and the outer layer pelleting material according to the weight percentage, adding proper water, controlling the water content to be 8.0%, uniformly mixing, putting the mixture and 5kg steel balls into a moistening mill, setting for 40min for moistening and grinding pretreatment, and screening the granules after moistening and grinding is finished;
in the embodiment, the mass percentage content of the outer layer pelletization material reaches-0.149 mm, the mass percentage content of the inner layer pelletization material reaches-0.074 mm, the mass percentage content of the outer layer pelletization material reaches-0.074 mm, and the mass percentage content of the ammonia inhibitor reaches-0.074 mm, the mass percentage content of the inner layer pelletization material reaches-0.074 mm; the method is favorable for fully and uniformly mixing the raw materials, so that the bonding effect can be fully exerted when the raw materials are dispersed in the pellets, and meanwhile, the adverse effect on the pellet strength caused by high-temperature decomposition of decomposable substances in the binder bentonite can be reduced to the minimum, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the emission reduction efficiency;
(B) Preparing ammonia inhibitor solution: mixing a proper amount of ammonia inhibitor with water, and stirring to fully dissolve the ammonia inhibitor;
(C) Preparing an inner pellet 100: adding the inner pellet forming material into a disc pelletizer, adding ammonia inhibitor solution, mixing and pelletizing to obtain an inner pellet 100;
in the step, the ammonia inhibitor solution is added in such a way that the ammonia inhibitor solution is firstly placed in a special ammonia inhibitor solution storage device, and is sprayed by a pipeline in the process of preparing the inner core, wherein the ammonia inhibitor solution storage device comprises a storage box, an aluminum pipeline with the diameter of 15mm and a 4-hole spray head; urea is sprayed into the disc pelletizer in a solution form, so that the contact area between the urea and the inner layer pelletizing material can be effectively increased, the self bonding strength of the inner layer pellets 100 is improved, the urea is prevented from being damaged in the subsequent pelletizing or sintering process, and the purpose of improving the urea utilization rate is achieved;
(D) Adhering the wrapping layer 200: and continuously adding an outer layer pelleting material into the disc pelletizer, supplementing water to enable the outer layer pelleting material to grow into pellets, and finally obtaining the pellets.
Step two: pre-granulating.
And (3) sequentially pouring the prepared sintering materials into a cylinder mixer for primary mixing, adding a proper amount of water into an air pressurizing machine, spraying the mixture into the mixer through an atomizer for mixing with the sintering materials, controlling the primary mixing time to be 6min, carrying out secondary mixing after the primary mixing is finished, controlling the secondary mixing time to be 3min without adding water, and controlling the water content of the mixture to be 7.0%. And (3) after the pelletization is finished, uniformly adding the pellets manufactured in the step one into a sintering material, and uniformly mixing for 30 seconds to form a composite sintering raw material.
The sintering materials used in the embodiment comprise domestic concentrate, king ore, russian fine powder, luo Yishan ore, iron oxide scale, barmixed ore, blast furnace return ore, dust and internal return ore, the used flux comprises dolomite and quicklime, the solid fuel is coke powder, the chemical components of the raw materials are shown in table 2, the proportions of the components of the composite sintering raw materials are shown in table 3, and the table does not list all the components of the raw materials, and the components of the raw materials do not reach 100% in total and are other impurities;
table 2 chemical composition of the sintered material (%,. Omega.)
TABLE 3 sintering material formulation/%
Step three: sintered cloth
(A) Paving 2kg of base material layer at the lower part of the sintering cup device;
(B) Directly paving the uniformly mixed and granulated composite sintering raw materials, filling the sintering cup body, lightly compacting by using a special round cake, and distributing a small amount of mixture with finer granularity in the concave part;
(C) And (5) ignition and sintering. Starting an exhaust fan below the sintering cup, rotating an ignition (device) cover to the position above the sintering cup body, controlling negative pressure to 7kPa through adjusting an air inlet valve and a relief valve, igniting, controlling the air inlet amount and the gas opening, keeping the ignition temperature at about 1150 ℃, and starting timing of sintering. After ignition for 2min, the ignition (device) cover is removed and closed, the negative pressure is adjusted to 14kPa, and a computer in a central control room is started to automatically collect sintering temperature and exhaust negative pressure. And when the temperature of the sintering flue gas reaches the highest value, the temperature starts to drop to be the sintering end point moment, and the timing time t is the complete sintering time. And after sintering, adjusting the negative suction pressure to 7kPa, and pouring out the sintered ore when the temperature of the waste gas is cooled to 300 ℃.
Step four: flue gas detection
The sintering process includes igniting, exhausting sintering, taking out sintering fume from the sampling port with oil-free vacuum pump, taking gas via parallel gas pipeline, conveying the gas to MCA10m infrared fume analyzer, and eliminating NO in fume X 、SO 2 、NH 3 And dioxin were measured on line and emission reduction efficiency was calculated, and the detection results thereof are shown in table 4.
Example 2
The pellet preparation method and the sintering emission reduction method of this example are basically the same as those of example 1, except that: the ammonia inhibitor in this example has an N element content of 0.038% based on 100 mass of the inner pellet, and is converted to ureaMass ratio of 0.08%, detecting SO 2 、NO X And the concentration of dioxin produced, recorded in table 4, and the desulfurization and denitrification rate and the emission reduction efficiency of dioxin were calculated.
Example 3
The pellet preparation method and the sintering emission reduction method of this example are basically the same as those of example 1, except that: in the embodiment, the content of N element of the ammonia inhibitor accounts for 0.071% of the 100 mass of the pellet at the inner layer, the mass ratio of the ammonia inhibitor to urea is 0.15%, and SO is detected 2 、NO X And the concentration of dioxin produced, recorded in table 4, and the desulfurization and denitrification rate and the emission reduction efficiency of dioxin were calculated.
Example 4
The pellet preparation method and the sintering emission reduction method of this example are basically the same as those of example 1, except that: in the embodiment, the content of N element of the ammonia inhibitor accounts for 0.094% of the 100 mass of the pellet at the inner layer, the mass ratio of the ammonia inhibitor to urea is 0.20%, and SO is detected 2 、NO X And the concentration of dioxin produced, recorded in table 4, and the desulfurization and denitrification rate and the emission reduction efficiency of dioxin were calculated.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example was used as a reference experiment, and the sintering process of this comparative example was the same as in example 1, except that: in the comparative example, urea was not added, and the uniformly mixed sinter was directly added to a sintering device for a sintering cup test. After sintering, SO of flue gas in the sintering process is measured 2 、NO X And the concentration of dioxin, and the emission reduction efficiency was calculated, and the results are recorded as shown in table 4, which is used as a reference for the post-experiment.
Comparative example 2
The sintering process of this comparative example was substantially the same as in example 1, except that: the comparative example adopts the urea adding mode in the traditional urea method: paving the mixture mixed with the urea into a specific area in a sintering material layer, wherein the specific area refers to that the mixture is distributed in the sintering material at the position of 70-200mm on a sintering trolley, and the rest part adopts the mixture without the urea for carrying out a sintering cup test. After sintering, SO of flue gas in the sintering process is measured 2 、NO X And the concentration of dioxin and the emission reduction efficiency were calculated and recorded as shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 SO in sintering test flue gas at different urea mass ratios 2 、NO X And concentration and emission reduction efficiency of dioxin
As can be seen from the experimental results of comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and example 1, in example 1, urea was added to the inner pellet 100 to prepare pellets containing the coating layer 200, and the pellets were then mixed with sintering raw materials and added to the sintering process, and compared with the standard experiment without urea in comparative example 1 and the experiment in comparative example 2, in which urea was directly paved on a specific material layer to perform the sintering test, SO 2 、NO X The dioxin emission reduction efficiency is improved;
it can be found that the amount of the sintering flue gas released in comparative example 1, which was not added at all, was extremely large, and the pollution to the environment was also extremely large, as compared with comparative example 1; under the action of the urea-containing pellets of example 1, the flue gas SO was sintered 2 、NO X And dioxin is effectively reduced in emission, so that the pellet performance superiority of the application is shown;
in contrast to comparative example 2, after urea is added to a specific layer, NO in the sintering flue gas X The amount of emissions is substantially unchanged, since the ammonia gas released by pyrolysis of urea is 160℃and NO X The discharge temperature is 850-1250 ℃, and ammonia gas cannot be mixed with NO X The effective contact can quickly leave along with the smoke, and NO is difficult to realize X Is high in efficiency and reduces emission; whereas in example 1 SO is present in the flue gas 2 The discharge amount is 582937mg/m 3 Reduced to 112681mg/m 3 The emission reduction efficiency reaches 80.67%; NO (NO) X The discharge amount is 162016mg/m 3 Reduced to 147677mg/m 3 The emission reduction efficiency reaches 8.85%; the dioxin emission is 1880pg-TEQ/m 3 Reduced to 354pg-TEQ/m 3 The emission reduction efficiency reaches 81.17 percent, and the online SO in the sintering process is realized in a breakthrough way 2 、NO X DioxinThe great technical bottleneck is overcome by the synergistic emission reduction.
This is because the wrapping layer 200 on the outside of the pellet can act to block NH 3 Release, the outer coating 200 retards NH under high temperature sintering 3 Is released at 600-800 ℃ to make it release steadily and NO X Can be discharged at 650 ℃ and is combined with NH 3 The release temperature interval is agreed so as to react with each other; meanwhile, the generation of dioxin can be inhibited in the cooling process until the temperature of sintering flue gas is reduced below the synthesis temperature of dioxin, SO that SO is improved 2 And dioxin emission reduction efficiency.
As can be seen by comparing examples 1, 2, 3 and 4, SO 2 、NO X And the dioxin emission reduction efficiency increases with the increase of the urea addition amount, but when the urea addition amount is more than 0.10%, the increase of the emission reduction efficiency becomes gradually slow with the increase of the addition amount, and the yield is not high, so that the 0.10% urea addition amount is selected to be optimal from the viewpoints of high efficiency and economy.
The application has been described in detail hereinabove with reference to specific exemplary embodiments thereof. It will be understood that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the application as defined by the appended claims. The detailed description and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and if any such modifications and variations are desired to be included within the scope of the application described herein. Furthermore, the background art is intended to illustrate the state of the art and the meaning of the development and is not intended to limit the application or the field of application of the application.
More specifically, although exemplary embodiments of the present application have been described herein, the present application is not limited to these embodiments, but includes any and all embodiments modified, omitted, combined, adapted, and/or substituted as would be recognized by one skilled in the art based on the foregoing detailed description (e.g., between the various embodiments), and may be combined as desired. The limitations in the claims are to be interpreted broadly based on the language employed in the claims and not limited to examples described in the foregoing detailed description or during the prosecution of the application, which examples are to be construed as non-exclusive. Any steps recited in any method or process claims may be executed in any order and are not limited to the order presented in the claims. The scope of the application should, therefore, be determined only by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by the descriptions and examples given above.

Claims (7)

1. The method for reducing emission by synergy of SO2 and NOx in the sintering process is characterized in that a plurality of layers of composite pellets are added in the preparation process of sintering raw materials, and the plurality of layers of composite pellets comprise inner pellets (100), a wrapping layer (200) arranged outside the inner pellets (100) and a shell (300) wrapped outside the inner pellets (100); the ammonia inhibitor and the inner pellet forming material are added in the preparation process of the inner pellet (100), the ammonia inhibitor is decomposed by heating to release ammonia, the content of N element in the ammonia inhibitor is 0.02-0.15% of the mass of the inner pellet, and the particle size of the inner pellet is controlled to be 3-5mm; then coating a wrapping layer (200) on the outer part of the inner pellet (100) by using an outer pellet forming material, wherein the particle size of the obtained pellet is 12-16mm; finally, wrapping the outer part of the wrapping layer (200) by using an SCR waste catalyst, wherein the particle size of the formed pellets is 14-18mm;
specifically, the emission reduction method comprises the following steps:
step one: pouring the prepared sintering raw materials and water into a cylinder mixer in sequence for primary mixing, and then carrying out secondary mixing without adding water; after granulating, uniformly adding the produced multilayer composite pellets into a sintering raw material, and uniformly mixing to form a composite sintering raw material; more specifically, the prepared sintering raw materials are sequentially poured into a cylinder mixer for primary mixing, a proper amount of water is added into an air pressurizing machine, and then sprayed into the mixer through an atomizer to be mixed with the sintering raw materials, wherein the primary mixing time is controlled to be 6min, secondary mixing is performed after the primary mixing is finished, water is not added during the secondary mixing, the secondary mixing time is controlled to be 3min, and the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 7.0%; after granulating, uniformly adding the manufactured multilayer composite pellets into the sintering raw materials, and uniformly mixing for 30 seconds to form the composite sintering raw materials;
step two: firstly, paving a primer layer at the lower part of a sintering cup device; paving the mixed and granulated composite sintering raw materials and filling the sintering cup body; finally, ignition and sintering are carried out;
step three: after ignition, carrying out induced draft sintering to NO in the flue gas X 、SO 2 、NH 3 And dioxin on-line measurement.
2. The method for reducing emission of SO2 and NOx in a sintering process according to claim 1, wherein the sintering raw materials comprise domestic concentrate, king ore, russian fine powder, luo Yishan ore, iron scale, bamixed ore, blast furnace return ore, fly ash, internal return ore, dolomite as a flux, quicklime and coke powder as fuel.
3. The method for reducing emission by synergy of SO2 and NOx in a sintering process according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the outer layer pelleting material reaches-0.149 mm, and the mass percentage content of the particle size fraction is more than or equal to 95%; the particle size of the inner layer pelletizing material reaches-0.074 mm, and the mass percentage content of the particle size is more than or equal to 95%.
4. The method for reducing emission of SO2 and NOx in a synergistic manner in a sintering process according to claim 1, wherein the ammonia inhibitor is urea, and the mass percentage content of the ammonia inhibitor reaches-0.074 mm particle size fraction and is more than or equal to 95%.
5. The method for reducing emission of SO2 and NOx in a sintering process according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the multi-layer composite pellets is 8.0-8.5%.
6. A method for reducing emission of SO2 and NOx in a sintering process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein,
in the second step, the specific steps are as follows:
a) Paving 2kg of base material layer at the lower part of the sintering cup device;
b) Directly paving the uniformly mixed and granulated composite sintering raw materials, filling the sintering cup body, lightly compacting by using a special round cake, and distributing a small amount of sintering raw materials with finer granularity in the concave part;
c) Firing and sintering: starting an exhaust fan below the sintering cup, rotating an ignition (device) cover to the position above the sintering cup body, controlling negative pressure to 7kPa through adjusting an air inlet valve and a relief valve, igniting, controlling the air inlet amount and the gas opening, keeping the ignition temperature at about 1150 ℃, and starting timing of sintering; after ignition for 2min, removing and closing an ignition (device) cover, adjusting the negative pressure to 14kPa, and starting a computer in a central control room to automatically collect sintering temperature and exhaust negative pressure; when the temperature of the sintering flue gas reaches the highest value, the temperature starts to drop to be the sintering end point moment, and the timing time t is the once complete sintering time; after sintering, adjusting the negative suction pressure to 7kPa, and pouring out the sinter when the temperature of the waste gas is cooled to 300 ℃;
in the third step, the specific steps are as follows: the sintering process includes igniting, exhausting sintering, taking out sintering fume from the sampling port with oil-free vacuum pump, taking gas via parallel gas pipeline, conveying the gas to MCA10m infrared fume analyzer, and eliminating NO in fume X 、SO 2 、NH 3 And dioxin on-line measurement.
7. The method for synergistic SO2 and NOx emission reduction in sintering process according to claim 6, wherein the dimensions of the cylinder mixer are: phi 600 multiplied by 1200mm, power 8.5kw, and charge 120k;
and/or the specification of the sintering cup operation platform is as follows: 4.0mX3.0m, the inner diameter phi 200 of the sintering cup and the effective height 800mm, the cup body is cast by Cr-containing cast iron, and the charging amount is 50kg.
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