CN112500555B - Preparation method of porous aromatic skeleton material with xenon-krypton separation function - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a porous aromatic skeleton material with a xenon-krypton separation function, which comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving anhydrous aluminum trichloride in a solvent, and heating for activation; (2) adding a reaction substrate into the activated aluminum trichloride system for reaction; (3) and after the reaction is finished, cooling, removing impurities, purifying and drying to obtain the powdery or granular porous aromatic skeleton material with the average diameter of 5-500 nm. The invention adopts the substrate with abundant substituents to directly modify the material micro-morphology and the specific surface area and the aperture, can solve the problems existing in the prior art, and fully improves the adsorption quantity of xenon and the separation ratio of xenon to krypton. Therefore, the invention is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of xenon-krypton separation, in particular to a preparation method of a porous aromatic skeleton material with a xenon-krypton separation function.
Background
Possible breach nuclear events can be discovered by monitoring changes in the activity of radioactive xenon isotopes in the global atmosphere, based on which many countries have developed studies on Xe verification techniques and have established Xe monitoring equipment for radioactive stations. But the atmospheric background concentration of xenon is only 0.087X 10 -6 The content of radioactive xenon isotopes is lower, so that the sampling and measuring technology of inert gas xenon is always the key point of domestic and overseas research.
In order to achieve reliable detection of xenon, the separation of enriched xenon from air using an adsorbent is critical to ensure that the detection method is reliable. On the other hand, the special physicochemical properties of xenon and krypton make them widely used in industry. For example, Xe is used in the fields of commercial illumination and medical imaging. Therefore, the efficient separation of the inert gas xenon and nitrogen has important production significance in the fields of inert gas industrial preparation, nuclear environment monitoring, military control inspection, spent fuel treatment and the like.
The adsorption separation method has the advantages of low energy consumption and high efficiency, and is deeply valued in the gas separation direction at present. The traditional solid adsorption separation method mostly adopts materials such as active carbon, molecular sieve and the like for separation and capture. The adsorption separation capacity of activated carbon and molecular sieve on Xe and Kr is well studied, but the application of molecular sieve is limited by the lower adsorption capacity and selectivity. Although activated carbon has a large Xe adsorption capacity (about 49% by mass, 100kPa, 298K), the Xe/Kr selectivity is low, and there is also a potential fire risk.
In the novel porous framework material, although the metal organic framework Material (MOF) has higher adsorption quantity and selective separation ratio, most of the metal organic framework material has poorer stability and is sensitive to the temperature of water vapor; the porous organic framework materials (POPs) have excellent specific surface area, adjustable structure, good acid and alkali resistance and high-temperature resistance stability, and more importantly, the porous organic framework materials have low framework density, light weight and good stability, so the porous organic framework materials are widely favored by scientific research workers.
The factors that determine the amount and selectivity of Xe adsorption (Xe/Kr separation) are mainly two: 1. a suitable pore size; 2. and introducing a polar functional group. The appropriate pore size can realize the separation of inert gases with larger atomic numbers such as Xe, Kr and the like from other gases, and the introduction of polar functional groups can realize the selective separation of Xe/Kr, because Xe/Kr has different polarizabilities, the interaction strength of the two gases and the adsorbent is different in physical adsorption, thereby realizing the effective separation. And polar functional groups or metals are introduced, so that the polarization environment in the pore channels can be effectively improved, and the interaction with Xe is enhanced.
IISERP-POF6-8 material reported by American Pacific ocean laboratory in the United states has xenon adsorption quantity of about 35.0ml/g and xenon krypton separation of about 6. Meanwhile, the material is prepared by using an expensive substrate, the substrate components are complex and changeable, and the repeatability of the process method is difficult to control (ACS appl. Mater. interfaces 2019,11, 13279-. Professor zhuang shan reports that although the adsorption amount and separation ratio of xenon gas of the porous material PAF-45-SO3H prepared by using a post-modification method are improved, the preparation method uses a large amount of dangerous chemicals such as chlorosulfonic acid, and the like, SO that the method is greatly limited in terms of reaction raw materials, process amplification, environmental problems caused by a large amount of generated waste acid, and the like (J.Mater.chem.A., 2018,6, 11163-11168).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a porous aromatic skeleton material with a xenon-krypton separation function, which adopts a substrate with abundant substituents to directly modify the microscopic morphology, the specific surface area and the pore diameter of the material, can solve the problems in the prior art, and fully improves the adsorption capacity of xenon and the xenon-krypton separation ratio.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a porous aromatic skeleton material with a xenon-krypton separation function comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving anhydrous aluminum trichloride in a solvent, and heating for activation;
(2) adding a reaction substrate into the activated aluminum trichloride system for reaction; the chemical formula of the substrate is as follows:
wherein, the substituent R in the substrate is F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, carbomethoxy, cyano and the like, or disubstituted F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, carbomethoxy, cyano and the like or a combination thereof;
the reaction formula is as follows:
(3) and after the reaction is finished, cooling, removing impurities, purifying and drying to obtain the powdery or granular porous aromatic skeleton material with the average diameter of 5-500 nm.
Specifically, in the step (1), anhydrous aluminum trichloride is dissolved in a solvent, then the solvent is vacuumized, nitrogen protection is replaced, circulation is carried out for three times, and finally heating and stirring are carried out for activation, wherein the heating temperature is 60 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (1), the heating temperature is 60 ℃ and the stirring time is 3 h.
Specifically, in the step (2), the substrate fluorobiphenyl dissolved in trichloromethane is slowly added into an aluminum trichloride system, the reaction liquid immediately becomes dark purple, and then the reaction liquid is stirred for 24 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃.
Specifically, the step (3) specifically includes the following steps:
(3a) after the reaction is finished, naturally cooling to room temperature;
(3b) washing with dilute hydrochloric acid, methanol, tetrahydrofuran and acetone to remove impurities;
(3c) respectively purifying with ethanol, tetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane to obtain products;
(3d) and (3) drying the product in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃ to finally obtain the porous aromatic skeleton material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the porous aromatic skeleton material (powder or granule) with the regulated morphology can be obtained through selection of the substrate and the substituent, the reaction temperature and the post-treatment mode. The porous aromatic skeleton material prepared by the method has high yield (more than 80%), has good stability under humid environment, air and high temperature, has large specific surface area, developed pore structure and proper pore diameter (the average diameter range is 5-500 nm), and shows excellent xenon-krypton separation performance. According to tests, the adsorption capacity of the porous aromatic skeleton material to xenon can reach 40.0ml/g, and the xenon-krypton separation ratio is more than 8.7(298K, Xe/Kr ═ 20: 80), which is superior to other existing materials in the aspects of adsorption capacity and adsorption separation ratio, as shown in figures 1, 2 and 3.
(2) The preparation method has the advantages of simple preparation process, wide raw material source, low cost, good technical effect and easy control and operation of process repeatability; meanwhile, the preparation process of the invention does not involve the use of hazardous chemicals, is environment-friendly, well breaks through the use limit and realizes innovation. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the method has more important production significance in the fields of inert gas industrial preparation, nuclear environment monitoring, military control inspection, spent fuel treatment and the like, and is very suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the adsorption profile (298K) of xenon and krypton onto a porous aromatic framework material prepared in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an IAST calculated schematic of the split ratio of a porous aromatic matrix material (code IM-PAF1) prepared according to the present invention (298K, Xe/Kr ═ 20: 80).
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of comparing the adsorption amount and adsorption separation ratio of the porous aromatic skeleton material (code No. IM-PAF1-2) prepared according to the present invention with those of other materials.
FIG. 4 is a SEM representation of a porous aromatic matrix material prepared according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a TEM representation of a porous aromatic scaffold material prepared according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a porous aromatic skeleton material with a xenon-krypton separation function, which mainly takes a substrate and anhydrous aluminum chloride as reactants to realize the preparation of the porous aromatic skeleton material, and the chemical reaction formulas of the substrate and the anhydrous aluminum chloride are as follows:
in the reaction formula, a substituent R in a substrate is a substituent with different electronegativities and different steric hindrance, such as F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, carbomethoxy, cyano and the like, the position of the substituent can be at any position of biphenyl, and the form of the substituent can be a disubstituted or trisubstituted combination.
The porous aromatic skeleton material prepared by the method is powdery or granular, the average diameter range is 5-500 nm, the SEM representation is shown in figure 4, and the TEM representation is shown in figure 5.
The overall manufacturing process flow is shown in fig. 6.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1
Anhydrous aluminum chloride (800mg) was added to a 50ml sample vial, which was then evacuated and replaced with nitrogen blanket for three cycles. Then, 20ml of anhydrous chloroform was added to the flask, heated to 60 degrees centigrade, and stirred for 3 hours for activation. Thereafter, fluorobiphenyl (200mg), which was a substrate dissolved in 5ml of chloroform, was slowly added to the reaction system, and the reaction solution immediately turned deep purple and was stirred at 60 ℃ for 24 hours.
After the reaction is finished, the reaction product is naturally cooled to room temperature, then 1.0M diluted hydrochloric acid, methanol, tetrahydrofuran and acetone are used for washing away impurities, and then a Soxhlet extractor is used for respectively purifying with ethanol, tetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane to obtain a brown product. Finally, the product was dried under vacuum at 60 ℃ to give 162mg of porous organic polymer PAF-1 in 81% yield.
Example 2
Anhydrous aluminum chloride (800mg) was added to a 50ml sample bottle, which was then evacuated and replaced with nitrogen blanket for three cycles. Then, 20ml of anhydrous chloroform was added to the flask, heated to 60 degrees celsius, and stirred for 3 hours for activation. Thereafter, methyl biphenyl (200mg), which was a substrate dissolved in 5ml of chloroform, was slowly added to the reaction system, and the reaction solution immediately turned deep purple and was stirred at 60 ℃ for 24 hours.
After the reaction is finished, the reaction product is naturally cooled to room temperature, 1.0M diluted hydrochloric acid, methanol, tetrahydrofuran and acetone are used for washing away impurities, and then a Soxhlet extractor is used for respectively purifying with ethanol, tetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane to obtain a brown product. Finally, the product was dried under vacuum at 60 ℃ to give 166mg of porous organic polymer PAF-2 in 83% yield.
Example 3
Anhydrous aluminum chloride (800mg) was added to a 50ml sample vial, which was then evacuated and replaced with nitrogen blanket for three cycles. Then, 20ml of anhydrous chloroform was added to the flask, heated to 60 degrees celsius, and stirred for 3 hours for activation. Thereafter, 2-chlorobiphenyl (200mg), which was a substrate dissolved in 5ml of chloroform, was slowly added to the reaction system, and the reaction solution immediately turned deep purple and was stirred at 60 ℃ for 24 hours.
After the reaction is finished, the reaction product is naturally cooled to room temperature, 1.0M diluted hydrochloric acid, methanol, tetrahydrofuran and acetone are used for washing away impurities, and then a Soxhlet extractor is used for respectively purifying with ethanol, tetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane to obtain a brown product. Finally, the product was dried under vacuum at 60 degrees celsius to give 166mg of porous organic polymer product in 83% yield.
Example 4
Anhydrous aluminum chloride (800mg) was added to a 50ml sample vial, which was then evacuated and replaced with nitrogen blanket for three cycles. Then, 20ml of anhydrous chloroform was added to the flask, heated to 60 degrees centigrade, and stirred for 3 hours for activation. Then, the substrate bismethylbiphenyl (200mg) dissolved in 5ml of chloroform was slowly added to the reaction system, and the reaction solution immediately turned deep purple and was stirred at 60 ℃ for 24 hours.
After the reaction is finished, the reaction product is naturally cooled to room temperature, 1.0M diluted hydrochloric acid, methanol, tetrahydrofuran and acetone are used for washing away impurities, and then a Soxhlet extractor is used for respectively purifying with ethanol, tetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane to obtain a brown product. Finally, the product was dried under vacuum at 60 ℃ to yield 150mg of porous organic polymer product in 80% yield.
Example 5
Anhydrous aluminum chloride (800mg) was added to a 50ml sample vial, which was then evacuated and replaced with nitrogen blanket for three cycles. Then, 20ml of anhydrous chloroform was added to the flask, heated to 60 degrees celsius, and stirred for 3 hours for activation. Thereafter, the substrate bifluorobenzene (200mg) dissolved in 5ml of chloroform was slowly added to the reaction system, and the reaction solution immediately turned deep purple and was stirred at 60 ℃ for 24 hours.
After the reaction is finished, the reaction product is naturally cooled to room temperature, 1.0M diluted hydrochloric acid, methanol, tetrahydrofuran and acetone are used for washing away impurities, and then a Soxhlet extractor is used for respectively purifying with ethanol, tetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane to obtain a brown product. Finally, the product was dried under vacuum at 60 ℃ to give 160mg of porous organic polymer product in 80% yield.
The method is seemingly simple and is not easy to think, and an effective solution can be designed only by deeply researching the properties and the separation characteristics of the xenon and the krypton and by combining continuous experiments and theories with practice. It should be said that the invention solves a big problem in the industry through the selection of the substrate and the substituent, the reaction temperature and the post-treatment mode, and realizes the advantages of low cost, environmental protection, controllable process repeatability and good separation effect on xenon and krypton, thereby really meeting the current practical application requirements and realizing the relative balance between the technology and the cost. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the invention has obvious technical progress, and has outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress.
The above-mentioned embodiment is only one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention, and all the technical problems solved by the present invention should be consistent with the present invention, if they are not substantially modified or retouched in the spirit and concept of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a porous aromatic skeleton material with a xenon-krypton separation function is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) dissolving anhydrous aluminum trichloride in a solvent, and heating for activation;
(2) adding a reaction substrate into the activated aluminum trichloride system for reaction; the chemical formula of the substrate is as follows:
wherein, the substituent R in the substrate is F or methyl;
the reaction formula is as follows:
(3) and after the reaction is finished, cooling, removing impurities, purifying and drying to obtain the powdery or granular porous aromatic skeleton material with the average diameter of 5-500 nm.
2. The method for preparing a porous aromatic skeleton material with xenon-krypton separation function as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), anhydrous aluminum trichloride is dissolved in a solvent, then vacuum pumping is performed, nitrogen gas replacement protection is performed, circulation is performed for three times, and finally heating and stirring are performed for activation.
3. The method for preparing a porous aromatic skeleton material containing xenon and krypton for separating according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the heating temperature is 60 ℃ and the stirring time is 3 h.
4. The method for preparing a porous aromatic skeleton material with xenon-krypton separating function as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (2), fluorobiphenyl as a substrate dissolved in trichloromethane is slowly added into an aluminum trichloride system, the reaction liquid immediately becomes dark purple, and then the reaction liquid is stirred for 24 hours at 60 ℃.
5. The method for preparing a porous aromatic skeleton material with a xenon-krypton separation function according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the step (3) specifically comprises the following steps:
(3a) after the reaction is finished, naturally cooling to room temperature;
(3b) washing with dilute hydrochloric acid, methanol, tetrahydrofuran and acetone to remove impurities;
(3c) respectively purifying with ethanol, tetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane to obtain products;
(3d) and (3) drying the product in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃ to finally obtain the porous aromatic skeleton material.
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