Background
O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine, also known as chloramine, is an important intermediate in the production of clethodim. Clethodim is a broad-spectrum post-emergence herbicide for preventing and killing gramineous weeds in broad-leaved crops, which is proposed by Chevron chemical company in the United states, has strong killing effect on various annual and perennial weeds, and has little or no activity on dicotyledons or nutgrass flatsedge. O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine is also widely used in other cyclohexenone oxime herbicides such as tralkoxydim, cycloxydim, tralkoxydim and the like.
At present, the preparation methods of O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine reported at home and abroad mainly comprise the following steps:
1. acetonitrile and ethanol are used as starting materials to obtain a reaction intermediate ethyl acetylhydroxamate, and the reaction intermediate ethyl acetylhydroxamate is hydrolyzed to obtain O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine. The method uses a large amount of hydrogen chloride gas, the pollution and corrosion are serious, and the used tetrabutyl ammonium bromide phase transfer catalyst is expensive, so that the method is not beneficial to industrial production from the aspects of environmental protection and cost. Therefore, this method is rarely adopted at present.
2. Acetone is used as a starting material to obtain a reaction intermediate acetone oxime ether, and the acetone oxime ether is hydrolyzed to obtain O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine, as described in patents US5382685 and US 5488162. The method needs a rectification device and controls a certain reflux ratio to continuously remove the generated acetone, has complex and tedious operation, and is easy to explode at an over-temperature in the production process, so a certain safety problem exists.
3. Methyl acetate or ethyl acetate is used as a starting material to obtain a reaction intermediate propenyl hydroxylamine protected by acetyl, and the propenyl hydroxylamine is hydrolyzed to obtain O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine. The raw materials of the method are cheap and easy to obtain, but the solvent after reaction contains a large amount of ethanol or methanol, so that the solvent is difficult to recover.
4. To be provided withNThe-hydroxyphthalimide is used as a starting material and is hydrolyzed to obtain O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine.NThe synthesis method of the-hydroxyphthalimide mainly takes phthalic anhydride and phthalic acid as initial raw materials. As described in patent CN1051170, phthalic anhydride is used as a starting material and is finally converted into phthalic acid, which cannot be recycled. As described in patent CN105348139, the use of phthalic acid as a starting material can lead to the recycling of the starting material, but the process requires the conversion of phthalic acid to phthaloyl chloride in the presence of thionyl chloride and the distillation of excess thionyl chloride, which complicates the operation of the process.
The final results reported in the above documents are all in the form of O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The product in the form of the hydrochloride salt presents two problems: a certain amount of hydroxylamine hydrochloride is included in the O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and the reaction activity of the hydroxylamine hydrochloride and corresponding aldehyde or ketone is higher, so that a certain amount of by-products are generated, and the quality control of a final product is influenced. On the other hand, the aqueous solution of O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride is unstable and needs to be stored below 15 ℃ or degradation products are gradually formed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation process of O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine free alkali suitable for industrial production, the process is simple and convenient to operate and easy to realize, the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, the raw material benzophenone can be recycled, the reaction condition is mild, and the preparation process is safe and environment-friendly.
The preparation process of the O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine free alkali comprises the following steps:
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of benzophenone oxime: sequentially adding methanol, benzophenone, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and sodium acetate into a reaction kettle, heating for reflux reaction, and obtaining a benzophenone oxime solution after the reaction is finished;
(2) preparation of (E) -benzophenone O- (3-chloroallyloxy) oxime: transferring the solution of the benzophenone oxime prepared in the step (1) to another reaction kettle in vacuum, adding a sodium hydroxide solution and 1, 3-dichloropropene into the reaction kettle, heating for reaction, and filtering to obtain a crude product of (E) -benzophenone O- (3-chloroallyloxy) oxime for later use after the reaction is finished;
(3) preparation of O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride: adding the (E) -benzophenone O- (3-chloroallyloxy) oxime crude product prepared in the step (2) into a hydrochloric acid solution, removing an organic solvent in a system under reduced pressure after hydrolysis is finished, and filtering and recovering benzophenone for reuse;
(4) preparation of O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine: and (3) transferring the reaction liquid prepared in the step (03) to another reaction kettle in vacuum, starting stirring, adding dichloromethane into the reaction liquid, layering, removing the solvent from the organic phase to recover dichloromethane, adding sodium hydroxide solution into the water phase to adjust the pH value, extracting the product with dichloromethane after the alkaline hydrolysis is finished, and removing the solvent (recovering dichloromethane) to obtain the O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine.
Wherein the molar ratio of the benzophenone, the hydroxylamine hydrochloride and the sodium acetate in the step (1) is 1 (1-2) to 2.
Preferably, in the step (2) and the step (4), the mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 28-35%; and (3) in the step (2) and the step (4), adding a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and adjusting the pH value of the system to 7-9.5.
Preferably, in the step (2), the molar ratio of the benzophenone oxime to the 1, 3-dichloropropene is 1: 0.95-1.1.
Preferably, in the step (3), the mass concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 32-38%, the hydrochloric acid solution is added at 35-45 ℃, and the pH of the system is 1-3 after the hydrochloric acid solution is added.
In the steps (1), (2) and (3), the central control detection method is HPLC.
In the step (4), the central control detection method is GC.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the preparation process of the O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine provided by the invention has the advantages of short process route, simple and convenient operation, easy realization, cheap and easily obtained raw materials, mild reaction conditions and cyclic utilization of the raw material benzophenone. The whole process is safe and environment-friendly. The purity of the final product O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine can reach 99%.
Detailed Description
In order to further explain the contents and features of the present invention, the following description is given with reference to the examples.
Example 1
A preparation process of O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine free alkali comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of benzophenone oxime: adding 900 g of methanol into a reaction kettle, sequentially adding 91 g of benzophenone, 56 g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride and 1.0 mol of sodium acetate, heating to 65 ℃, carrying out reflux reaction, monitoring by HPLC, and obtaining a benzophenone oxime solution after the reaction is finished;
(2) preparation of (E) -benzophenone O- (3-chloroallyloxy) oxime: and (2) preparing a reaction kettle, vacuumizing to reduce the pressure to be below 0.06 MP, transferring the solution of the benzophenone oxime prepared in the step (1) into the reaction kettle through a pipeline, and adding 28wt% of sodium hydroxide solution into the reaction kettle to adjust the pH value to be within the range of 7.5-9.5 after the transfer is finished. Then 1, 3-dichloropropene (55 g, 0.50 mol) is added dropwise, and the temperature is raised to 50-55 ℃ after the dropwise addition is finished for reaction. Monitoring by HPLC, after the reaction is finished, filtering to obtain a crude product of (E) -benzophenone O- (3-chloroallyloxy) oxime for later use;
(3) preparation of O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride: and (3) controlling the temperature of the (E) -benzophenone O- (3-chloroallyloxy) oxime crude product prepared in the step (2) to 35-45 ℃, adding the crude product into 35wt% hydrochloric acid solution (400 mL), performing hydrolysis reaction with the system pH value of 1-3 after the dropwise addition is finished, and after 2 hours, monitoring the hydrolysis completion by HPLC. Most of the organic solvent in the system is removed under reduced pressure, the filter cake obtained by filtering is the benzophenone, and the recycling can be realized after drying at 40 ℃.
(4) Preparation of O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine: and (3) transferring the reaction liquid prepared in the step (3) into another reaction kettle through the vacuum operation in the step (2), starting stirring, adding 800 g of dichloromethane into the reaction kettle, layering, removing the solvent from the organic phase to recover dichloromethane, and adding 28wt% of sodium hydroxide solution into the water phase to adjust the pH value to be within the range of 7-9 for alkaline hydrolysis. After 3 hours, GC monitored the end of the alkaline hydrolysis, the product was extracted with dichloromethane (600 g x 3), the organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and the solvent removed (dichloromethane recovered) to yield 40.9 g (liquid) of finished O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine in an overall yield of 76%, as shown in figure 2, with a purity of 99.2% by GC.
The hydrogen spectrum of the finished O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine product is shown in FIG. 1,1HNMR (Bruker, 400M, CDCl3): δ6.26(d, 1H, 13.6Hz), 6.05(d, 1H, 6.8Hz), 5.42(s, 2H), 4.12(m, 2H).
example 2
A preparation process of O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine free alkali comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of benzophenone oxime: adding 500 g of methanol into a reaction kettle, sequentially adding benzophenone (50 g, 0.27 mol), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (31 g, 0.45 mol) and sodium acetate (45 g, 0.55 mol), heating to 65 ℃, carrying out reflux reaction, monitoring by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography), and obtaining a benzophenone oxime solution after the reaction is finished;
(2) preparation of (E) -benzophenone O- (3-chloroallyloxy) oxime: and (2) preparing a reaction kettle, reducing the pressure of the reaction kettle to be below 0.06 MP through vacuum, transferring the solution of the benzophenone oxime prepared in the step (1) into the reaction kettle through a pipeline, and adding 30wt% of sodium hydroxide solution into the reaction kettle to adjust the pH value to be in a range of 7-9. Then dropwise adding 1, 3-dichloropropene (30.5 g, 0.27 mol), heating to 50-55 ℃ for reaction, monitoring by HPLC, and filtering to obtain a crude product of (E) -benzophenone O- (3-chloroallyloxy) oxime for later use after the reaction is finished;
(3) preparation of O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride: and (3) controlling the temperature of the (E) -benzophenone O- (3-chloroallyloxy) oxime crude product prepared in the step (2) to be 35-45 ℃, adding the crude product into a hydrochloric acid solution (250 mL) of a 32wt% hydrochloric acid solution, performing hydrolysis reaction with the system pH of 1-3 after the dropwise addition is finished, and after 2 hours, monitoring the hydrolysis completion by HPLC. Most of organic solvent in the system is removed under reduced pressure, filter cake obtained by filtering is benzophenone, and the benzophenone can be recycled after being dried at 40 ℃;
(4) preparation of O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine: transferring the reaction liquid prepared in the step (3) into another reaction kettle through the vacuum operation in the step (2), starting stirring, adding 440 g of dichloromethane into the reaction kettle, layering, removing the solvent from the organic phase to recover dichloromethane, and adding 30wt% of sodium hydroxide solution into the water phase to adjust the pH value to be 7-9.5 for alkaline hydrolysis. After 3 hours, GC monitored the end of the alkaline hydrolysis, the product was extracted with dichloromethane (350 g x 3), the organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and the solvent removed (dichloromethane recovered) to yield 21.8 g of finished O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine in a total yield of 74%, as shown in figure 3, having a purity of 99.8% by GC.
Example 3
A preparation process of O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine free alkali comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of benzophenone oxime: adding 1.5 kg of methanol into a reaction kettle, then sequentially adding benzophenone (150 g, 0.82 mol), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (92 g, 1.32 mol) and sodium acetate (135 g, 1.65 mol), heating to 65 ℃ for reflux reaction, monitoring by HPLC, and obtaining a benzophenone oxime solution after the reaction is finished;
(2) preparation of (E) -benzophenone O- (3-chloroallyloxy) oxime: and (2) preparing a reaction kettle, reducing the pressure of the reaction kettle to be below 0.06 MP by vacuum, transferring the solution of the benzophenone oxime prepared in the step (1) into the reaction kettle through a pipeline, and adding 35wt% of sodium hydroxide solution into the reaction kettle to adjust the pH value to be in the range of 7.5-9. Then dropwise adding 1, 3-dichloropropene (90.7 g, 0.82 mol), heating to 50-55 ℃ after dropwise adding, reacting, monitoring by HPLC, filtering to obtain a crude product of (E) -benzophenone O- (3-chloroallyloxy) oxime for later use after the reaction is finished;
(3) preparation of O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride: and (3) controlling the temperature of the (E) -benzophenone O- (3-chloroallyloxy) oxime crude product prepared in the step (2) to be 35-45 ℃, adding the crude product into 35wt% hydrochloric acid solution (600 mL), controlling the pH value to be within a range of 1-3 to perform hydrolysis reaction after the dropwise addition is finished, and monitoring the hydrolysis completion by HPLC after 2 hours. Most of the organic solvent in the system is removed under reduced pressure, the filter cake obtained by filtering is the benzophenone, and the recycling can be realized after drying at 40 ℃.
(4) Preparation of O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine: transferring the reaction liquid prepared in the step (3) into another reaction kettle through the vacuum operation in the step (2), starting stirring, adding 1300 g of dichloromethane into the reaction kettle, layering, desolventizing the organic phase to recover dichloromethane, and adding 35wt% of sodium hydroxide solution into the water phase to adjust the pH value to be within the range of 7-9. After 3 hours, GC monitored the end of the alkaline hydrolysis, the product (900 g x 3) was extracted with dichloromethane, the organic phases combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and the solvent removed to give 66.7 g of finished O-3-chloro-2-propenyl hydroxylamine in a total yield of 75.4% with a purity of 99.1% as indicated in figure 4 by GC.
The above examples are only for further illustration of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and all equivalent implementations of the present invention should be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention.