CN112496685A - Manufacturing method of blisk - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of blisk Download PDFInfo
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- CN112496685A CN112496685A CN202011367109.0A CN202011367109A CN112496685A CN 112496685 A CN112496685 A CN 112496685A CN 202011367109 A CN202011367109 A CN 202011367109A CN 112496685 A CN112496685 A CN 112496685A
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- forging
- wheel disc
- blade
- welding
- blisk
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/006—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass turbine wheels
Abstract
The present application provides a method of manufacturing a blisk, the method comprising: according to the forging drawing of the wheel disc and the blades, blank manufacturing of the wheel disc forging and the blade forging is completed, the wheel disc forging is of a cylindrical structure, the blade forging is of a hollow annular structure, and the nominal size of the outer diameter of the wheel disc forging is consistent with the nominal size of the inner diameter of the blade forging; respectively carrying out high-temperature heat treatment on the blade forging and the wheel disc forging; processing the welding surfaces of the blade forging and the wheel disc forging according to the bevel angle alpha, the welding shrinkage and the matching size requirement of the welding surface, wherein the bevel angle alpha is the complementary angle of the included angle between the welding surface of the forging and the end surface of the forging; presetting flywheel rotational inertia J, rotation speed n and upsetting force P of inertia friction welding equipment according to welding requirements, enabling the wheel disc forging to penetrate through the blade forging while rotating, enabling welding surfaces of the wheel disc forging and the blade forging to rub against each other to generate thermal contact and be in a thermoplastic state, and then applying the upsetting force to enable the wheel disc forging and the blade forging to be welded into a whole to form a blisk blank.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a manufacturing method of a blisk.
Background
The blisk not only can effectively reduce the weight of components and the number of parts, thereby greatly simplifying the structure of the engine, but also can be more and more widely applied to rotor components of aircraft engines because the air leakage loss caused by the traditional tenon/mortise connection structure is avoided and the pneumatic efficiency of the engine is improved. The early manufacturing process of the blisk is integral forging and numerical control milling, but the method has the defects of difficult forming and structure performance control of integral large-size forgings, difficult realization of the requirements of different parts of the blisk on different structure performances, long machining period, low material utilization rate, high blank cost and the like, and limits the expansion application of the blisk once due to difficult repair after damage. The defects are effectively solved by developing the manufacturing and damage repairing technologies of the blisk such as linear friction welding, electron beam welding and the like. Linear friction welding is currently the mainstream technology for manufacturing blisks in countries with advanced european and american aviation technologies, and the manufacturing principle is shown in fig. 1 (P in the drawing is upsetting force, the same applies below).
The blisk manufactured by adopting the linear friction welding and electron beam welding technologies has the defects of high requirements on blade welding positioning accuracy and blade profile machining control accuracy, difficult welding deformation control, difficult implementation of postweld heat treatment, expensive equipment and the like, and is limited by the accessibility of a clamp during welding, so that the blisk manufactured by adopting the linear friction welding and electron beam welding technologies can embody the advantages of the blisk on the aspects of large specification and less blade quantity. In addition to the above disadvantages, electron beam welding also belongs to high energy beam fusion welding, and the structural properties of the welding seam have a certain difference compared with the base body, thereby affecting the service life and reliability of the component.
The manufacturing of the blisk by linear friction welding and electron beam welding also relates to the selection of a key structure and strength factor, namely the position of a welding seam. In order to enable the welding seam position to avoid the most dangerous section on the blade body, namely a first-order bending stress area (close to the blade root), a higher blade root (see fig. 2) needs to be reserved on the disk edge, so that the blade often has two different tissues, the interface between the different tissues often becomes a weak area of the strength of the blade part of the blisk, and the reliability risk of the component is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a manufacturing method of a blisk, which solves the problems of difficult control of the metallurgical quality of a large-size blisk forge piece, difficult implementation of postweld heat treatment, high requirements on welding positioning and blade processing positioning precision, low processing efficiency and the like in the conventional blisk manufacturing method.
The application provides a manufacturing method of a blisk based on an inertia friction welding technology, which comprises the following steps:
according to the forging drawing of the wheel disc and the blades, blank manufacturing of the wheel disc forging and the blade forging is completed, the wheel disc forging is of a cylindrical structure, the blade forging is of a hollow annular structure, and the nominal size of the outer diameter of the wheel disc forging is consistent with the nominal size of the inner diameter of the blade forging, as shown in figure 5;
respectively carrying out high-temperature heat treatment on the blade forging and the wheel disc forging;
according to the bevel angle alpha, the welding shrinkage and the matching size of the welding surface, the welding surface processing is carried out on the blade forging and the wheel disc forging, wherein the bevel angle alpha is the complementary angle of the included angle between the welding surface of the forging and the end surface of the forging, and the complementary angle is shown in figure 6;
according to the preset flywheel moment of inertia J, the rotation speed n and the upsetting force P, the wheel disc part penetrates through the blade forging piece while rotating, the welding surfaces of the wheel disc part and the blade forging piece rub with each other to generate thermal contact and are in a thermoplastic state, and then the upsetting force is applied to weld the wheel disc forging piece and the blade forging piece into a whole to form a blisk blank;
carrying out final heat treatment on the blisk welding blank;
and performing finish machining forming on the blisk welding blank.
Preferably, the high-temperature heat treatment is carried out on the blade forging and the wheel disc forging respectively, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and respectively carrying out solution treatment or quenching treatment on the blade forging and the wheel disc forging.
Preferably, the bevel angle α ranges from 0 ° to 30 °.
Preferably, the moment of inertia J of the flywheel is greater than or equal to 11000 kg-m2The rotating speed n is more than or equal to 1000r/min, and the upsetting force P is more than or equal to 250 MPa.
Preferably, after the high temperature heat treatment of the blade forging and the disk forging, respectively, the method further comprises:
and (4) rough machining of the blade forging and the wheel disc forging.
Preferably, the final heat treatment of the blisk blank specifically comprises:
and carrying out aging, tempering and annealing treatment on the blisk blank according to different blisk blank materials.
Preferably, according to preset flywheel inertia moment J, rotating speed n and upsetting force P, the wheel disc part penetrates through the inside of the blade forging while rotating, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
adopting inertia friction welding equipment, according to preset flywheel rotational inertia J, rotation speed n and upsetting force P, enabling the wheel disc part to penetrate through the blade forging piece while rotating, enabling welding surfaces of the wheel disc part and the blade forging piece to rub against each other to generate thermal contact and be in a thermoplastic state, and then applying upsetting force to enable the wheel disc forging piece and the blade forging piece to be welded into a whole to form a blisk blank
Preferably, the method further comprises:
and carrying out nondestructive testing on the blisk blank.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
a) compared with the forming process of integral forging processing, the invention reduces the control difficulty of the metallurgical quality uniformity and stability of the forging, improves the material utilization rate and reduces the cost of the forging;
b) compared with the forming process for manufacturing the blisk by linear friction welding, the invention can effectively solve the problems of heat treatment deformation control and process matching due to the welding of blanks with allowance;
c) compared with a forming process for manufacturing the blisk by linear friction welding, the selection of the welding seam position is more flexible, the blade body structure is more favorably optimized, the dangerous section is avoided, the service life is prolonged, the reliability is improved (see figure 8), the welding seam is far away from the dangerous section, and the blades can be ensured to have the same material and structure performance);
d) the welding parameters to be controlled by the inertia friction welding mainly comprise three items of flywheel rotational inertia J, rotating speed n and upsetting force P, and the inertia friction welding is simple to operate, so that the automation is easy to realize, and the production efficiency is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a linear friction welding fabrication blisk;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the location of a weld in a linear friction weld for manufacturing a blisk;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the principle of inertia friction welding;
FIG. 4a is a schematic view of an inertia friction welding blisk according to the present application;
FIG. 4b is a schematic representation of another inertia friction welding blisk fabrication concept provided herein;
FIG. 5a is a schematic representation of an inertia friction weld fabrication blisk forging design as provided herein;
FIG. 5b is a schematic representation of another inertia friction weld manufacturing blisk forging design provided herein;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a rough machining structure of a blisk forging manufactured by inertia friction welding;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a technical solution for manufacturing a blisk by inertia friction welding;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the main steps of inertia friction welding to manufacture a blisk.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a manufacturing method of a blisk based on an inertia friction welding technology, which solves the problems of difficult control of the metallurgical quality of a large-size blisk forge piece, difficult implementation of postweld heat treatment, high requirements on welding positioning and blade processing positioning precision, low processing efficiency and the like of the conventional blisk manufacturing method, finally reduces the manufacturing cost of the large-size blisk and improves the manufacturing efficiency of the large-size blisk.
The principle of inertia friction welding is similar to that of linear friction welding, except that the moving direction of a welding part is changed to be relatively high-speed rotation along the central axis of a component, a thermal contact surface generated by mutual friction is in a thermoplastic state, and then upsetting force is applied to weld the components into a whole, the welding principle is shown in fig. 3 (in the drawing, n is the flywheel rotation speed of the inertia friction welding machine, the same applies hereinafter), and the schematic diagram of a manufactured blisk is shown in fig. 4 (in the drawing, A, B is a welding surface).
Inertia friction welding and linear friction welding belong to the solid phase welding technology, and have the advantages of good and stable welding joint quality and suitability for welding of same-material or different-material components, as well as high welding production efficiency, low production cost, easy realization of mechanization and automation, simple operation and easy maintenance.
Example one
In order to realize the purpose of manufacturing the blisk by inertia friction welding, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
1) the method comprises the following steps of designing and preparing a forging, wherein the design of the forging is mainly a containment design according to the outline of a blade and a wheel disc, and a smaller forging allowance is adopted as far as possible under the principle of ensuring containment so as to reduce the specification of the forging and reduce the difficulty in controlling the structural property uniformity and batch stability of the forging; the preparation of the forge piece is carried out according to a forge piece design drawing, and a plurality of forming modes such as free forging, die forging (common die forging, precision die forging) and the like are adopted on the basis of comprehensively considering factors such as metallurgical quality control, forging cost and the like. When the height (H) of the forging piece is smaller, the forging piece can be added with a part B for facilitating clamping, and the part B can be used as a sample ring besides being used for clamping so as to detect the structure performance of the wheel disc forging piece, as shown in figure 5;
2) carrying out higher-temperature heat treatment, such as solid solution or quenching treatment, on the forged piece according to a heat treatment schedule required by the strengthening type of the forged piece material so as to avoid the influence of heat treatment deformation on subsequent processes;
3) performing pre-welding rough machining on the blade and the wheel disc forge piece on the basis of reserving welding shrinkage and finishing allowance so as to reduce the machining allowance after welding to the maximum extent, and simultaneously adopting a form of an oblique welding seam with a bevel angle alpha (see figure 6) on the welding surface of the blade and the wheel disc for controlling friction heating and reducing welding resistance;
4) welding the rough machined blade and the wheel disc forging by adopting inertia friction welding equipment to form a welded type blisk semi-finished product;
5) finishing aging, tempering or annealing treatment of the welded blisk semi-finished product according to a heat treatment schedule required by the strengthening type of the forging material, and eliminating welding residual stress while ensuring the structure performance;
6) and performing finish machining on the welded blisk semi-finished product after heat treatment to finish the final machining and forming of the welded blisk part.
The technical scheme is shown in a flow chart in figure 7, and a main process schematic diagram is shown in figure 8.
Example two
Step 1: designing forging drawings of a blade part and a wheel disc part according to the structural size requirement of the blisk engineering drawing by adding and releasing forging allowance, and designing a die drawing according to the forging drawings to finish the blank making of the wheel disc forging and the blade forging;
and a step 2: respectively carrying out high-temperature heat treatment such as solution treatment or quenching on the blade forging and the wheel disc forging; if the subsequent machining allowance is smaller, all heat treatment (solid solution, aging/quenching, tempering/annealing) can be completed at one time;
step 3: finishing rough machining of the blade and the wheel disc outline and machining of a welding surface, wherein the size of a bevel angle alpha, the matching size of the welding surface considering welding shrinkage and tolerance control are key factors influencing the metallurgical quality of a welding seam, and the alpha is selected within the range of 0-30 degrees;
and step 4: adopting inertia friction welding equipment to weld the rough-machined blade part and the wheel disc part into a blisk blank, wherein the key is to set the moment of inertia J of the flywheel, the rotating speed n and the upsetting force P, and recommending welding parameters: the moment of inertia J of the flywheel is more than or equal to 11000 kg.m2The rotating speed n is more than or equal to 1000r/min, and the upsetting force P is more than or equal to 250 MPa;
step 5: finishing the final heat treatment (aging/tempering/annealing) of the welded blisk blank, and eliminating the welding residual stress while obtaining the required structural performance;
step 6: finishing the finish machining and forming of the blisk part.
Claims (8)
1. A method of manufacturing a blisk, the method comprising:
according to the forging drawing of the wheel disc and the blades, blank manufacturing of the wheel disc forging and the blade forging is completed, the wheel disc forging is of a cylindrical structure, the blade forging is of a hollow annular structure, and the nominal size of the outer diameter of the wheel disc forging is consistent with the nominal size of the inner diameter of the blade forging;
respectively carrying out high-temperature heat treatment on the blade forging and the wheel disc forging;
according to the bevel angle alpha, the welding shrinkage and the fit size of the welding surface, the welding surface processing is carried out on the blade forging and the wheel disc forging, wherein the bevel angle alpha is the complementary angle of the included angle between the welding surface of the forging and the end surface of the forging;
according to the preset flywheel moment of inertia J, the rotation speed n and the upsetting force P, the wheel disc forging penetrates through the blade forging while rotating, the welding surfaces of the wheel disc forging and the blade forging rub with each other to generate thermal contact and are in a thermoplastic state, and then the upsetting force is applied to weld the wheel disc forging and the blade forging into a whole to form a blisk blank;
carrying out final heat treatment on the blisk welding blank;
and performing finish machining forming on the blisk welding blank.
2. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature heat treatment is performed on the blade forging and the wheel disc forging respectively, and specifically comprises the following steps:
and respectively carrying out solution treatment or quenching treatment on the blade forging and the wheel disc forging.
3. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the bevel angle α is in a range of 0 ° to 30 °.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the moment of inertia of the flywheel, J, is at least 11000 kg-m2The rotating speed n is more than or equal to 1000r/min, and the upsetting force P is more than or equal to 250 MPa.
5. The method of manufacturing of claim 1, wherein after the high temperature heat treating the blade forging and the disk forging, respectively, the method further comprises:
and (4) rough machining of the blade forging and the wheel disc forging.
6. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the final heat treatment of the blisk blank comprises in particular:
and carrying out aging, tempering and annealing treatment on the blisk blank according to different blisk blank materials.
7. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the step of enabling the wheel disc part to penetrate through the inside of the blade forging piece while rotating according to the preset flywheel moment of inertia J, the rotating speed n and the upsetting force P specifically comprises the following steps:
and (2) adopting inertia friction welding equipment, enabling the wheel disc part to penetrate through the inside of the blade forging piece while rotating according to the preset flywheel rotational inertia J, the rotating speed n and the upsetting force P, enabling welding surfaces of the wheel disc part and the blade forging piece to rub with each other to generate thermal contact and be in a thermoplastic state, and then applying the upsetting force to enable the wheel disc forging piece and the blade forging piece to be welded into a whole to form a blisk blank.
8. The method of manufacturing of claim 1, further comprising:
and carrying out nondestructive testing on the blisk welding blank.
Priority Applications (1)
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011367109.0A CN112496685A (en) | 2020-11-27 | 2020-11-27 | Manufacturing method of blisk |
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| CN202011367109.0A CN112496685A (en) | 2020-11-27 | 2020-11-27 | Manufacturing method of blisk |
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| CN202011367109.0A Pending CN112496685A (en) | 2020-11-27 | 2020-11-27 | Manufacturing method of blisk |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113714621A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-11-30 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Design method for inertia friction welding joint of blisk of aircraft engine |
| CN115055696A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-09-16 | 北京煜鼎增材制造研究院有限公司 | Composite manufacturing method for titanium alloy blisk of aircraft engine |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113714621A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-11-30 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Design method for inertia friction welding joint of blisk of aircraft engine |
| CN115055696A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-09-16 | 北京煜鼎增材制造研究院有限公司 | Composite manufacturing method for titanium alloy blisk of aircraft engine |
| CN115055696B (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-10-21 | 北京煜鼎增材制造研究院有限公司 | Composite manufacturing method for titanium alloy blisk of aircraft engine |
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Application publication date: 20210316 |