CN112496343B - Forming method for selective laser melting forming technology - Google Patents
Forming method for selective laser melting forming technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN112496343B CN112496343B CN202011376650.8A CN202011376650A CN112496343B CN 112496343 B CN112496343 B CN 112496343B CN 202011376650 A CN202011376650 A CN 202011376650A CN 112496343 B CN112496343 B CN 112496343B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a forming method for a selective laser melting forming technology, and belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing. The invention comprises the following steps: performing allowance compensation optimization on a three-dimensional model according to the actual design size of the target part, and constructing a three-dimensional solid model suitable for selective laser melting molding; designing a support structure suitable for the target part according to the obtained three-dimensional solid model and slicing; carrying out process arrangement after the design of the supporting structure is finished to form a model file, and carrying out slicing treatment on the obtained model file; setting technological parameters of a selective laser melting molding technology, and performing integrated printing molding; wherein the target part has a hollow thin-walled structure. By the forming method, the defect that parts with cavity thin-wall structures are easy to scratch and rub due to thermal stress and scrapers in the integral forming process can be effectively overcome, and the qualification rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and relates to a forming method for a selective laser melting forming technology.
Background
With the increasing demand and application development of rapid prototyping production technology, more and more industrial parts are expected to be applied to the rapid prototyping production technology. The Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology is highly concerned about the Laser 3D printing technology which can be well applied to metal parts, has the characteristics of high processing precision and almost no need of mechanical processing in the follow-up process, can be used for manufacturing various complex precise metal parts, realizes structural function integration and light weight, and is widely applied to the aerospace field. In addition, the selective laser melting forming technology is a representative additive manufacturing technology, can integrally form a plurality of parts, and has the advantages of short production period, low cost and the like.
Aiming at the fuel nozzle part which is a complex structure part with a cavity thin-wall structure, if the fuel nozzle is produced by adopting a traditional manufacturing mode, a nozzle body of the fuel nozzle needs to be forged in a long flow, and a heat shield needs to be welded on the nozzle body after compression molding. The production flow has the defects of long process flow, high production cost, low percent of pass and the like. However, the fuel nozzle has a cavity thin-wall structure, so that defects are easily generated due to the scratch of a scraper and the thermal stress in the forming process, the rejection rate of produced parts is easily caused, the production efficiency is reduced, and the cost investment is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides a molding method for selective laser melting molding. By the forming method, the defect that parts with cavity thin-wall structures are easy to scratch and rub due to thermal stress and scrapers in the integral forming process can be effectively overcome, and the qualification rate is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
the invention discloses a forming method for a selective laser melting forming technology, which comprises the following steps:
1) Performing allowance compensation optimization on a three-dimensional model according to the actual design size of the target part, and constructing a three-dimensional solid model suitable for selective laser melting molding; 2) Designing a support structure suitable for the target part according to the obtained three-dimensional solid model and slicing; 3) Carrying out process arrangement after the design of the supporting structure is finished to form a model file, and carrying out slicing treatment on the obtained model file; setting technological parameters of a selective laser melting molding technology, and performing integrated printing molding; wherein the target part has a hollow thin-walled structure.
Preferably, step 2) specifically comprises the following steps:
a) Designing a first support structure of the mounting plate part, wherein the first support structure comprises a grid support and a conical support;
b) Designing a second support structure for preventing the cavity thin-wall structure from deforming, wherein the second support structure is a toothed rib plate;
c) Designing a third support structure between the head tail end of the target part and the substrate, the third support structure comprising a first portion and a second portion; the first part is an annular solid support connected with the substrate, and the second part is a body type support connected with the annular solid support and the head tail end plane;
d) And designing a fourth supporting structure for ensuring the stability of the cavity thin-wall structure, wherein the fourth supporting structure is supported by a structural body consisting of a plurality of dodecahedrons.
Further preferably, in the step a), the grid of the grid support is a square with a side length of 0.8 ± 0.1mm, and the conical support is a cylinder with a side length of Φ 0.5 ± 0.1mm.
Further preferably, in step b), the tooth pitch of the toothed rib is 0.5 ± 0.1mm.
Further preferably, in step c), the top of the ring-shaped solid support is provided with a cover plate, and the bottom of the ring-shaped solid support is provided with a powder outlet; the body type support is composed of a grid support and a conical support.
Wherein, the thickness of the ring supported by the ring solid is 1.5 +/-0.5 mm, and the inside of the ring is designed to be hollow; the thickness of the cover plate at the top of the annular solid support is 0.5 +/-0.2 mm, an included angle of 60 +/-15 degrees is formed between the cover plate and the substrate, and the highest point of the cover plate is 150mm away from the substrate; the powder outlet is in a semicircular shape with the radius of 1.5 +/-0.2 mm.
Further preferably, in steps b) and c), the toothed rib is connected to the third support structure and the hollow-cavity thin-walled structure.
Further preferably, in step d), each face of the dodecahedron is a rhombus, the side length of the rhombus is 1.5 +/-0.5 mm, the acute angle of the rhombus is 30 +/-10 degrees, and the obtuse angle of the rhombus is 120 +/-10 degrees.
Preferably, in step 3), the process arrangement is to place 6 target parts on one plate; the slice thickness of the slicing treatment was 0.04mm.
Preferably, in step 3), the process parameters of the selective laser melting molding technique include: the laser scanning power was 285W and the scanning speed was 960mm/s.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a forming method for a selective laser melting forming technology, which is characterized in that a three-dimensional solid model which is accurate and suitable for selective laser melting forming is obtained by performing allowance compensation optimization on the three-dimensional solid model, the processing stability of a target part with a cavity thin-wall structure can be improved by designing a supporting structure of the obtained three-dimensional solid model, the defect caused by thermal stress and scraping of a scraper is avoided, and the production efficiency is improved by process arrangement and slicing treatment. Therefore, the invention provides an integral forming method which can be applied to a hollow cavity thin-wall structure and has the characteristics of high qualification rate and convenient operation.
Furthermore, the mounting plate of the nozzle can be stabilized through designing the first support structure, so that parts can be stably molded, the bottom end of the thin wall of the cavity of the nozzle can be molded through designing the second support structure, the tail end of the head of the nozzle can be molded through designing the third support structure, the using amount of powder is reduced, the powder utilization rate is improved, the thin wall structure of the cavity of the nozzle can be stably molded through designing the fourth support structure, and the defects of holes, cracks and the like caused by scraping and rubbing of a scraper of the parts are avoided. Therefore, the invention can stably form the hollow thin-wall parts and reduce the generation of pores and crack defects.
Furthermore, the selection of the hollow structure of the fourth supporting structure can achieve the effects of facilitating the removal of the supporting structure and improving the utilization rate of the powder.
Furthermore, the third support structure is provided with the powder outlet, so that residual powder in the annular solid support can be conveniently removed, and the powder removing time is shortened.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fuel injection nozzle as an object part in the embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a lattice support and a cone support;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a support design of a fuel nozzle as a target part in the embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a dodecahedron support of the structure of the example.
Wherein: 1-a cavity thin-walled structure; 2-a toothed ribbed plate; 3-a ring-shaped solid support; 4-powder outlet; 5-structural support; 6-body type support; 7-cover plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in other sequences than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
the forming method for the selective laser melting forming technology is used for the integrated forming printing preparation of the fuel nozzle, and comprises the following specific implementation steps:
(1) And according to the design drawing requirements of the fuel nozzle of the target part, UG is used for margin compensation, a three-dimensional model is optimized, and a three-dimensional solid model suitable for selective laser melting molding is constructed.
(2) And designing a support structure of the target part fuel nozzle according to the part structure and the typical characteristics in the three-dimensional solid model of the target part fuel nozzle.
The supporting structure of the fuel nozzle of the design target part specifically comprises:
a) Designing a first supporting structure of a mounting plate part of a part according to a three-dimensional solid model of a target part fuel nozzle, and adopting an auxiliary forming structure of grid support and conical support; the grid of the grid support is a square with the side length of 0.8 +/-0.1 mm, and the conical support is a cylinder with the side length of phi 0.5 +/-0.1 mm, as shown in fig. 2.
b) According to a three-dimensional solid model of a target part fuel nozzle, a second supporting structure of the mounting plate part of the part is designed, and as the rod part of the part is a hollow thin-wall structure 1, defects are easily generated due to thermal stress and scraping of a scraper in the melting process of a laser selected area, a toothed rib plate 2 (second supporting structure) is designed to prevent the part from deforming; wherein, the tooth-shaped rib plate 2 has a tooth space of 0.5 + -0.1 mm as shown in fig. 3.
c) A third support structure for the mounting plate portion of the part is designed based on a three-dimensional solid model of the target part fuel nozzle, the third support structure including a first portion and a second portion, with the trailing end of the nozzle head being spaced approximately 160mm from the base plate. The first part is a support connected to the base plate, where the support is designed as a ring-shaped solid support 3; wherein, the thickness of the circular ring of the annular solid support 3 is 1.5 +/-0.5 mm, the inside of the annular solid support 3 is hollow, the top of the annular solid support 3 is provided with an cover plate 7, the thickness of the cover plate is 0.5 +/-0.2 mm, the cover plate 7 and the plane of the substrate form an included angle of 60 +/-15 degrees, the highest point of the cover plate 7 is 150mm away from the plane of the substrate, the bottom of the annular solid support 3 is provided with a semicircular powder outlet 4, and the radius of the powder outlet is 1.5 +/-0.2 mm. The second part is a body type support 6 connected with the annular solid support 3 and the plane of the head and the tail end, and the body type support 6 consists of a grid support and a conical support, as shown in figure 3.
Wherein the third support structure in the tooth-shaped rib plates 2 and c) is connected with the cavity thin-wall structure 1.
d) In order to ensure that the cavity thin-wall structure 1 of the rod part of the fuel nozzle of the target part is stable and prevent the defect caused by scraping by a scraper, a structural body support 5 is designed to be used as a fourth support structure. The structural body support 5 is formed by stacking a plurality of dodecahedrons, each surface of each dodecahedron is a rhombus, the side length of each rhombus is 1.5 +/-0.5 mm, the acute angle of each rhombus is 30 +/-10 degrees, and the obtuse angle of each rhombus is 120 +/-10 degrees, as shown in figure 4.
(3) After the supporting design of the target part fuel nozzle is completed, process arrangement is carried out, and 6 parts are placed on one plate to form a model file.
(4) And slicing the model file with the designed support, wherein the thickness of each layer is 0.04mm.
(5) And selecting printing process parameters of a selective laser melting molding technology in special software, wherein the laser scanning power of the target part entity is 285W, and the scanning speed is 960mm/s. And after the parameter selection is completed, generating a printing program.
(6) And (4) introducing a printing program into selective laser melting and forming equipment, and integrally printing and forming the parts by using the selective laser melting and forming equipment.
Specifically, in the above embodiment of the invention, the target part fuel nozzle (the specific structure of which is shown in fig. 1, and has the double oil passages and the cavity thin-wall structure 1) of the X5CC fuel nozzle is manufactured by the above forming method, the number of sets of dies 7 is reduced, the production cost is reduced by 20%, the weight of a blank part is reduced by 30%, and the production cycle is shortened by 50%.
The method is applicable to all laser selective melting forming equipment and professional software, and particularly, the equipment used in one specific embodiment of the invention is M290 equipment produced by EOS company of Germany.
The support is important for forming the part, and has the functions of supporting powder, reducing thermal stress, preventing deformation of the part and the like, and specifically, in the specific embodiment of the invention, different parts and structures thereof need different supports, and the corresponding supports also need certain matching sizes, so that different parameter values need to be selected according to different functions of the support in practical application.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method of forming for use in a selective laser melting process, comprising:
1) Performing allowance compensation to optimize a three-dimensional model according to the actual design size of the target part, and constructing a three-dimensional solid model suitable for selective laser melting molding;
2) Designing a support structure suitable for the target part according to the obtained three-dimensional solid model and slicing;
3) Carrying out process arrangement after the design of the supporting structure is finished to form a model file, and carrying out slicing treatment on the obtained model file; setting technological parameters of a selective laser melting molding technology, and performing integrated printing molding;
wherein the target part has a cavity thin-wall structure;
the step 2) specifically comprises the following steps:
a) Designing a first support structure of the mounting plate part, wherein the first support structure comprises a grid support and a conical support;
b) Designing a second support structure for preventing the cavity thin-wall structure from deforming, wherein the second support structure is a toothed rib plate;
c) Designing a third support structure between the head tail end of the target part and the substrate, the third support structure comprising a first portion and a second portion; the first part is an annular solid support connected with the substrate, and the second part is a body type support connected with the annular solid support and the head tail end plane;
in the step c), the top of the annular solid support is provided with a cover plate, and the bottom of the annular solid support is provided with a powder outlet; the body type support consists of a grid support and a conical support;
d) Designing a fourth supporting structure for ensuring the stability of the cavity thin-wall structure, wherein the fourth supporting structure is supported by a structural body consisting of a plurality of dodecahedrons;
in the step d), each surface of the dodecahedron is rhombic, the side length of the rhombus is 1.5 +/-0.5 mm, the acute angle of the rhombus is 30 +/-10 degrees, and the obtuse angle of the rhombus is 120 +/-10 degrees.
2. The molding method for selective laser melting molding according to claim 1, wherein in step a), the grid of the grid support is a square with a side length of 0.8 ± 0.1mm, and the conical support is a cylinder with a side length of Φ 0.5 ± 0.1mm.
3. The molding method according to claim 1, wherein in step b), the teeth pitch of the toothed ribs is 0.5 ± 0.1mm.
4. The molding method for selective laser melting molding technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the ring supported by the ring-shaped solid is 1.5 ± 0.5mm, and the inside is designed to be hollowed; the thickness of the cover plate at the top of the annular solid support is 0.5 +/-0.2 mm, the cover plate and the substrate form an included angle of 60 +/-15 degrees, and the highest point of the cover plate is 150mm away from the substrate; the powder outlet is in a semicircular shape with the radius of 1.5 +/-0.2 mm.
5. The molding method according to claim 1, wherein the toothed rib is connected to the third support structure and the thin-walled cavity structure in steps b) and c).
6. The molding method for selective laser melting molding according to claim 1, wherein in step 3), the process arrangement is to place 6 target parts in one plate; the slice thickness of the slicing treatment was 0.04mm.
7. The forming method for selective laser melting forming technology according to claim 1, wherein in step 3), the process parameters of the selective laser melting forming technology comprise: the laser scanning power was 285W and the scanning speed was 960mm/s.
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| CN113857491B (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2023-05-09 | 西安国宏天易智能科技有限公司 | Selective laser melting forming method for inner cavity suspension structure shell |
| CN113878129A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-04 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing diffuser integral piece with integrated and lightweight structure |
| CN114012108B (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2023-08-11 | 深圳市华阳新材料科技有限公司 | 3D printing exception handling method |
| CN114682799B (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2023-05-05 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Selective melt forming light-weight support design method, storage medium and electronic equipment |
| CN115780828B (en) * | 2022-11-20 | 2024-04-09 | 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 | Technological method for improving 3D printing success rate of aluminum alloy hollowed-out grid |
| CN117066530B (en) * | 2023-07-04 | 2024-04-02 | 北京易加三维科技有限公司 | Technological method for 3D printing low-angle forming |
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